Background: If the weakness of the knee muscles persists and there is pain at the same time, lumbar mobilization can be used. Objectives: This study investigated the immediate effect of lumbar joint mobilization on postural sway and knee pain in elite volleyball players. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twelve male elite volleyball players were recruited for this study. Lumbar joint mobilization was performed in all study subjects. Evaluation items were static and dynamic balance and knee pain change. All evaluations were made immediately after the intervention. Results: C90 area, trace length, and STD Y deviation in the open static balance were significantly decreased after intervention (P<.05). C90 area, trace length, Velocity, STD X deviation, and STD Y deviation in static balance with closed eyes decreased significantly after intervention (P<.05). In dynamic balance, the left and right side. COPs were significantly increased. Pain significantly decreased after intervention (P<.05). Conclusion: This study found that lumbar joint mobilization is an effective method for improving postural sway and knee pain in elite volleyball players.

Background: Volleyball is a team sport that requires a lot of movement and explosive movement. Volleyball players have different roles depending on their position. The reason is that the spiker or center is tall and the libero or setter is relatively small compared to other positions. Objectives: To investigate a difference in basic physical fitness according to the positions of volleyball players and to examine the correlation between basic physical fitness items. Design: Correlational research designs. Methods: A total of 33 male professional volleyball players were recruited for each position by position: 15 spikers, 7 centers, 5 setters, and 6 liberos. Muscle endurance, power, agility, and balance ability were measured as basic physical fitness items. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in agility according to each position (P<.05), and a positive correlation was indicated in muscle endurance and power (P<.05). Conclusion: A training program can be developed based on the correlation between training and basic physical fitness according to the positions of volleyball players.

Background: The circuit exercise program is a continuous method that combines complex training types and is an exercise method that is performed to improve performance by improving basic physical strength such as strength, agility, endurance and muscular endurance. Objectives: To examine the effect of exercise program on pulmonary function of professional volleyball players. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: 22 professional volleyball players were divided into two groups of 11 each. A high intensity interval exercise program and circuit exercise program were performed twice a week for 45 minutes for 4 weeks. Results: The changes in pulmonary function in professional volleyball players were significantly different pre and post the intervention in both groups and the interval exercise program group showed a more significant difference before and after the intervention in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second/Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) (P<.05). In addition, there was also a significant difference in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC between two groups (P<.05). Conclusion: The interval exercise program group was effective in improving pulmonary function for professional volleyball players.

Background: The spinal nerves, which start at the lumbar level, are connected to the nerve innervation in the knees. Currently, there is a lack of research on the treatment of knee pain through lumbar mobilization. Objectives: To investigate the effects of lumbar joint mobilization (LJM) and transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation (TENS) on proprioception and muscular strength in volleyball players with chronic knee pain. Design: Two group pre-posttest. Methods: A total of 26 professional volleyball players with chronic knee pain were allocated to the LJM (n=13) and TENS (n=13) groups. In the LJM group, grade III - IV amplitude was applied 3 times for 1 minute (80 times per minute) at the affected lumbar (L2-3) facet joint in the prone position. In the TENS group, the TENS treatment device was used to directly apply or 15 minutes to the area of chronic knee pain (100 Hz, 150 ㎲). Proprioception was measured by knee flexion and extension angles, and muscle strength was evaluated using an isokinetic test. Measurements were taken before and after interventions. Results: In the eye opened conditiond, proprioception significantly increased during both knee extension and flexion after LJM, while only knee extension was significantly increased in the TENS group. There was also a significant difference in knee extension between the two groups. In the eye close conditiond, proprioception was significantly improved only during knee extension in the LJM group, and the difference in knee extension between the groups was also significant (P<.05). The maximum torque of the affected knee joint was significantly improved at 60°/sec in both groups (P<.05); however, there was no difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the maximum flexion torque within or between the groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that LJM improved proprioception and muscular strength in volleyball players with chronic knee pain.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the strength of sokinetic muscle by the position of a volleyball players. Analysis and comparison of shoulder dynamic stability will be conducted according to rotational movement of the shoulder during spiking and serving amongst the various positions. Fifty professional Korean female volleyball players (age: 20~30), all different positions – attacker (left and right), center, setter, and libero were The concentric peak torque, strength ration of the internal and external rotation of the shoulder girdle for both dominant and non-dominant arms. Firstly, there were significant differences found for the strength ratio between the setter and the other positions in the dominant arm. On a second note, there was a significant decrease in shoulder dynamic stabilization for both the attacker and center in the dominant arm. However, there were no significant differences for the setter or the libero. This study suggests that the isokinetic muscle strengths of the volleyball players are different from each other.

The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the active stability of shoulder joints according to the frequency of overhead motions, such as serving and spiking, engaged in by female professional volleyball athletes who play different positions, and to provide the results as the basic data for developing exercise programs to prevent shoulder joint injuries. The subjects of this study were 50 Korean female professional volleyball players and positions were as follows: left and right attackers, centers, setters, and liberos. The external rotation and internal rotation muscle strength and muscle strength ratios of the dominant and non-dominant arms of all subjects were measured using Biodex. The results of this study are as follows: Frist, no significant differences were found in the internal and external rotation muscle strength of the dominant and non-dominant arms between positions. Second, for the shoulder joint muscle strength ratio of the dominant arm, by position, the setter showed significantly greater stability compared to the other positions. Third, for the shoulder joint muscle strength ratio of the non-dominant arm, by position, no significant difference in stability between positions was found. Fourth, it was found that the dominant arm had significantly greater instability of the shoulder joint than the non-dominant arm for attackers and centers, but no significant difference was found for setters and liberos. This study comparatively analyzed the muscle strength ratios of the external/internal rotations and dominant/non-dominant arms, which can determine the stability of the shoulder joints between female professional volleyball playing positions that engage in jumps and spikes using only the dominant hand and positions that do not.

The present study was aimed at investigating the postural control ability of volleyball players with functional ankle instability. The subjects were 26 male volleyball players were divided into 2 groups (13 subjects with functional ankle instability and 13 subjects with ankle stability) who could evaluate Questionnaire. All the male participants were tested by a Balance Master System. This study were to measure of static balance ability, dynamic balance ability, motor function the difference between functional ankle instability group and control group. Ankle instability group and stable group in postural sway (°/sec) on film surface with eye closed in modified clinical test sensory interaction on balance, and left unilateral stance with eye opened and closed were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in limit of stability were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in left/right rhythmic weight shirt were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in turn time (sec) & turn sway (°) during step/quick turn and end sway (°/sec) in tandem walk were significantly different (p<.05). This study showed that volleyball players with functional ankle in stability were effected postural control ability by static balance & dynamic balance ability. Further study is needed to measure various athletic with functional ankle instability for clinical application.

본 연구는 배구선수들의 루틴 사용의 단서를 반구조화된 개방형 질문지, 면담, 각종 대회의 관찰 등을 통한 질적 연구를 통해 서브 루틴을 개발, 이를 남자 중학교 배구 선수들에게 적용하여 서브 수행루틴 훈련이 서브 수행력에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 배구경력 평균 4년 이상의 엘리트 남자 중학교 배구선수 15명씩의 두 집단을 대상으로 6차시에 걸친 서브 실험에서 정확도를 측정하였다. 3주차까지는 서브 수행루틴을 적용하지 않았으며 4주차부터 실험집단에게 실험자의 질적 연구를 통해 개발한 서브 수행루틴을 적용하였다. 비교집단은 서브 루틴에 대한 아무런 정보도 제공하지 않았다. 실험 후 평가 결과에 의한 집단 간의 차이를 알아보기 위해 t-검정을 실시하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻게 되었다. 첫째, 배구선수들은 행동적 단서와 인지적 단서를 이용한 루틴을 사용하고 있었다. 둘째, 남자 중학교 배구선수들에게 서브 루틴을 훈련시킨 결과 서브 정확도 면에서 실험집단의 선수들이 서브의 평균 점수에서 비교집단의 선수와 비교하여 우수한 향상을 보였다. 셋째, 두 집단의 선수들의 실험에서의 서브 득점을 t-검증한 결과 5%내의 유의한 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 서브 루틴을 적용한 실험집단이 출전한 시합에서 선수들의 서브 기능 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 결론적으로 서브 수행루틴은 남자 중학교 배구선수들의 서브 수행력에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 또한 루틴훈련이 개방운동기술에서도 매우 효과적으로 적용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구는 배구선수를 대상으로 경쟁상황에서의 불안과 관련된 부정적인 사고의 교정을 주요 구성요소로 하는 인지ㆍ정서ㆍ행동치료를 적용하여 불안감소 훈련의 처치효과를 알아보는 것이다. 실험집단과 통제집단에 각각 17명씩 무선배치하였으며, 두 집단은 동질집단으로 구성되었다. 연구는 9주간 주 1회 2시간(120분)씩 총 9회기의 프로그램을 실시하였다. 측정도구는 스포츠경쟁불안(SCAT)과 시합상태불안(CSAI-2) 검사지를 사용하였으며, 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 실험집단과 통제집단을 대상으로 프로그램 실시 전과 실시 후, 그리고 훈련효과의 지속성을 알아보기 위해 사후검사 실시 8주 후 파지검사를 실시하였다. 실험집단과 통제집단에 대해 프로그램 처치 전과 후, 파지검사를 이원변량분석(two-way repeated ANOVA)한 결과, 프로그램을 받은 실험집단은 실시 후 스포츠경쟁불안과 시합상태불안의 하위요인인 인지적 불안과 신체적 불안이 감소되었으며, 상태자신감은 향상되었다. 하지만 프로그램 영향의 정도는 측정시기에 따라서 다르게 나타났다. 위의 결과를 종합해 보면 일반인을 대상으로 사용된 인지ㆍ정서ㆍ행동치료가 운동선수(배구)들에게도 적용될 수 있다는 사실과 본 프로그램이 배구선수들의 특성불안과 상태불안을 감소시키는데 효과적이었음을 알 수 있었다.