The present study was conducted to examine the effect of soybean silage as a crude protein supplement for corn silage in the diet of Hanwoo steers. The first experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing corn silage with soybean silage at different levels on rumen fermentation characteristics in vitro. Commercially-purchased corn silage was replaced with 0, 4, 8, or 12% of soybean silage. Half gram of the substrate was added to 50 mL of buffer and rumen fluid from Hanwoo cows, and then incubated at 39°C for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. At 24 h, the pH of the control (corn silage only) was lower (p<0.05) than that of soybeansupplemented silages, and the pH numerically increased along with increasing proportions of soybean silage. Other rumen parameters, including gas production, ammonia nitrogen, and total volatile fatty acids, were variable. However, they tended to increase with increasing proportions of soybean silage. In the second experiment, 60 Hanwoo steers were allocated to one of three dietary treatments, namely, CON (concentrate with Italian ryegrass), CS (concentrate with corn silage), CS4% (concentrate with corn silage and 4% of soybean silage). Animals were offered experimental diets for 110 days during the growing period and then finished with typified beef diets that were commercially available to evaluate the effect of soybean silage on animal performance and meat quality. With the soybean silage, the weight gain and feed efficiency of the animal were more significant than those of the other treatments during the growing period (p<0.05). However, the dietary treatments had little effect on meat quality except for meat color. In conclusion, corn silage mixed with soybean silage even at a lower level provided a greater ruminal environment and animal performances, particularly with increased carcass weight and feed efficiency during growing period.

Microstructural analysis of a (α+β) Ti alloy was investigated to consider phase transformation in each step of thethermo-mechanical process using by SEM and TEM EDS. The TAF (Ti-6Al-4Fe) alloy was thermo-mechanically treated withsolid solution at 880oC, rolling at 880oC and annealing at 800oC. In the STQ state, the TAF microstructure was composedof a normal hcp α and metastable β phase. In a rolled state, it was composed of fine B2 precipitates in an α phase, whichhad high Fe segregation and a coherent relationship with the β matrix. Finally, in the annealing state, the fine B2 precipitateshad disappeared in the α phase and had gone to the boundary of the α and β phase. On the other hand, in a lower rollingtemperature of 704oC, the B2 precipitates were more coarse in both the α and the boundary of α and β phase. We concludedthat microstructural change affects the mechanical properties of formability including rolling defects and cracks.

Metastable phase characteristics of beta Ti alloys were investigated to consider the relationship of the microstructureand diffraction pattern in TEM. TEM analysis showed that the microstructure was mottled as a modulated structure, and thediffraction pattern was composed of spot streaks between the main spots of a stable beta phase with a specific latticerelationship. The modulated structure may be induced by short distance slip or atom movement during a very short intervalof solution treated and quenched (STQ) materials. The athermal ω phase, which could be precipitated at low temperature aging,is also analysed by the metastable phase. The metastable phases including athermal ω phase had a common characteristic ofhardened and brittle behavior because the dislocation slip was restricted by a super lattice effect due to short distance atommovement at the metastable state.

This research aimed to compare the detection methods of Anisakis simplex in Sea fish by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and macroscopic inspection. We examined 18 Trichiurus lepturus, 11 Scomber japonicus, and 65 Todarodes pacificus collected from the retail markets in the areas of Uljin, Kyuonggi province and Seoul. As the result of examinations, we found that detection rate of Anisakis simplex by macroscopic observation was 89% in Trichiurus lepturus, 90.9% in Scomber japonicus, 32.3% in Todarodes pacificus. The detection rate of Anisakis simplex by PCR-RFLP was 77.7% in Trichiurus lepturus, 81.8% in Scomber japonicus, 26.1% in Todarodes pacificus. We could conclude that PCR-RFLP method of Anisakis simplex was more specific rather than macroscopic observation.

본 연구는 미술영재교육 연구 동향 분석, 미술영재교육 실태 파악 등을 통해서 미래 미술영재교육의 방향을 탐색하고자 하였다. 미술영재교육 연구 동향 분석 결과 및 시사점은 다음과 같다. 1) 기초 연구의 현장 적용 확대가 필요하다. 2) 기존 연구 주제들을 심화하고 확장하기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 3) 미술영재교육 기관 유형의 명확한 분류와 종류별 세분화된 접근방법이 필요하다. 4) 미술영재에 대한 종단 연구가 필요하다. 미술영재교육 현황 분석의 결과 및 시사점은 다음과 같다. 1) 미술영재 선발 방식에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 2) 미술영재학급 운영 방침 및 프로그램 개선이 필요하다. 학습자의 요구에 따라서 개별화되고 세분화된 프로그램 운영을 고려할 필요가 있다. 3) 사회적 배려대상 영재 선발 및 교육에 대한 관심이 높으나, 이에 대한 적절한 선발 및 교육이 제대로 이루어지는지 점검해야 한다. 4) 미술영재교육기관의 분류 기준을 명료화하여 영재교육체계를 갖추어 나가려는 노력을 해야 한다.

미술교육은 시대의 흐름과 발맞추려는 연구자들의 다양한 논쟁, 탐구, 연구의 과정을 거쳐 지속적으로 변화를 거듭해오고 있다. 미술교육 학자들의 연구들을 통해 다양한 쟁점들이 부각되었고, 그 논의의 범위와 폭이 확대되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미술교육의 변화를 위해, 두드러진 논의와 심도 깊은 연구를 한 미술교육 학자들의 시각을 개별적이며 종합적으로 고찰해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 주요 학자들의 논문과 연구를 기반으로 미술교육에서 중요하다고 강조해온 이슈들을 개괄하고자 한다. 이는 미술교육의 주요 연구가의 업적을 소개하기 위함이 아니기에, 학자들의 명성과 인지도에 따라 선택하여 소개하기보다 동시대 미술교육의 주요 관심사와 연구 주제들을 개괄하여 미술교육학의 주요 논의를 되짚어보고자 함이다. 미술교육 연구자들의 연구의 흐름과 주장을 살펴보는 것은 과거와 현재 그리고 미래의 미술교육의 주요 이슈들을 한눈에 개괄해볼 수 있는 기회가 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 ‘문화’의 담론을 교육과정에 적극적으로 반영하려고 시도한 학자들의 개별적 연구를 통해, 시각문화의 쟁점, 시각문화 교육과정 탐구, 다문화 교육과정, 사회재건을 위한 다문화논의, 다문화교육의 방법론 등을 탐구했다. 또한 문화를 반영한 연결과 관계의 교육과정을 위한 시도로서 통합 교육과정, 실천적 교육과정, 질적 교육과정에 대한 담론을 기술했다.

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro greenhouse gas mitigation activities of fermented Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract. Seven starter cultures were used, comprising four of lactic acid bacteria and three of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ten grams of S. baicalensis Georgi powder was diluted in 90 mL autoclaved MRS broth. Each seed culture was inoculated with 3-10% (v/v) S. baicalensis Georgi MRS broth and incubated at 30℃ for 48 h. Among the starter cultures used, only Lactobacillus plantarum EJ43 could withstand the fermentation conditions. This fermentation broth was dried and extracted with ethanol to assess its antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro methane mitigation activities. The extract of S. baicalensis Georgi fermented by L. plantarum EJ43 (SBLp) showed higher antibacterial activity (bigger clear zone) compared to the unfermented S. baicalensis Georgi extract (SB0). SBLp also presented 1.2 folds higher antioxidant activity than SB0. During in vitro rumen fermentation, SBLp showed reduction in methane production compared to SB0 or the control. In conclusion, fermentation by L. plantarum EJ43 may enhance antibacterial and antioxidant activities of S. baicalensis Georgi and decrease enteric methane production.

Purpose: This study has two purposes; (a) to advance the understanding of rhythmic gymnastics’ attractiveness factors perceived by female elementary school students and their mothers, and (b) to discuss similarities and differences between the attractiveness factors. In this study, a concept-mapping method was used for a research methodology. A concept-mapping method is useful in that it can deal with both quantitative and qualitative research issues and compensate limitations. A concept-mapping method enables researchers to directly explore the frames of participants’ experiences and/or ideas, rather than to explore those frames based on researchers’ hypotheses or direction of the study. Results: This study collected data (original N=10/10) from female rhythmic gymnastics students and their mothers. All students participated in the study were children at the age between 8 and 11, who have been learning rhythmic gymnastics more than 12 months in Seoul, South Korea. This study collected participants’ statements using an open-ended survey. Among total of N statements, 51 of the children’s statements and 49 of the mothers’ statements were confirmed through a clarification process. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were conducted to investigate the purposes of the study. A concept map of rhythmic gymnastics’ attractiveness was derived as a result. Test results showed that children and mother groups presented 5 and 3 clusters, respectively, on a two-dimensional axis diagram. Conclusion: This study revealed the attractiveness factors of rhythmic gymnastics perceived by female students and their mothers. The tested results have implications for both academia and instructional method. The results would be a basic reference source for developing measurement scale for testing rhythmic gymnastics students’ pleasure and interest levels. The results of this study also could be applied to designing effective teaching and learning strategies of rhythmic gymnastics, and developing various programs.

Antioxidant activity is important for reducing oxidative stress that causes various metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders are highly related to loss of productivity in livestock. Therefore, development of effective antioxidant compounds originating from plants is important for organic agriculture. Phenolic compounds in edible plants are regarded as major components relevant to antioxidant activity. The present study investigated the changes in antioxidant activity and phenolic compound profiles of Aronia (Aronia meloncarpa) by fermentation using different strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. A total of 5 strains of L. mesenteroides were used as starter cultures and their β-glucosidase activities were measured. A total of 6 experiment runs were prepared, one for control (uninoculated) and the others (inoculated) for treatments. For biological activity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were measured. For phenolic compound profiling, TLC and HPLC analysis were performed. The strains of KACC12313 and KACC12315 showed greater enzyme activity than others. Treatment with KCCM35046 showed strong and broad antibacterial activity against to Listeria monocytogenes. Treatments with KCCM35046 and KACC12315 showed the highest total polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was found in KACC12315 treatment. No remarkable alteration was found in thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. In phenolic compound profiling analysis, KCCM35046 showed notable alteration in compound area ratio compared to others and also showed the highest caffeic acid content. In chlorogenic acid, treatments with KCCM35046 and KACC12315 showed great content than others. Treatment with KACC12315 showed the greatest content of trans-ferulic acid. As a result of relative performance indexing analysis, L. mesenteroides KCCM35046 and KACC12315 were selected as the best strain for the fermentation of Aronia.

본 연구는 배구선수를 대상으로 경쟁상황에서의 불안과 관련된 부정적인 사고의 교정을 주요 구성요소로 하는 인지ㆍ정서ㆍ행동치료를 적용하여 불안감소 훈련의 처치효과를 알아보는 것이다. 실험집단과 통제집단에 각각 17명씩 무선배치하였으며, 두 집단은 동질집단으로 구성되었다. 연구는 9주간 주 1회 2시간(120분)씩 총 9회기의 프로그램을 실시하였다. 측정도구는 스포츠경쟁불안(SCAT)과 시합상태불안(CSAI-2) 검사지를 사용하였으며, 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 실험집단과 통제집단을 대상으로 프로그램 실시 전과 실시 후, 그리고 훈련효과의 지속성을 알아보기 위해 사후검사 실시 8주 후 파지검사를 실시하였다. 실험집단과 통제집단에 대해 프로그램 처치 전과 후, 파지검사를 이원변량분석(two-way repeated ANOVA)한 결과, 프로그램을 받은 실험집단은 실시 후 스포츠경쟁불안과 시합상태불안의 하위요인인 인지적 불안과 신체적 불안이 감소되었으며, 상태자신감은 향상되었다. 하지만 프로그램 영향의 정도는 측정시기에 따라서 다르게 나타났다. 위의 결과를 종합해 보면 일반인을 대상으로 사용된 인지ㆍ정서ㆍ행동치료가 운동선수(배구)들에게도 적용될 수 있다는 사실과 본 프로그램이 배구선수들의 특성불안과 상태불안을 감소시키는데 효과적이었음을 알 수 있었다.