We surveyed the habitat use and food materials of the endangered Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides) during the wintering period at the Seocheon tidal flat. The bird wintered about six months from October 2014 to early April 2015 at the flat. They showed a remarkable change in choosing their feeding habitat and prey. They stayed entirely at sedge grass patches on Songrim tidal flat during the early wintering period (October), while after November they gradually moved to Janggu bay and used rice paddy fields as well as sedge patches on the tidal flats as their feeding site. The dietary analysis showed the sedge grass (Bolboschoenus sp., Cyperaceae) was the main dietary source during the entire wintering period. Interestingly, the proportion of Cyperaceae on feces decreased slightly over wintering time, while the proportion of Fabaceae increased relatively since November. These results suggest that the Swan Geese switched their habitat and food sources in response to the change of food availability. The Seocheon tidal flat area is the important wintering site for Swan Geese and sedge grass patches in the area need to be managed as the main feeding area for the wintering Swan Geese.

본 연구는 야생동물위치추적기(WT-300, GPS-Mobile Phone Based Telemetry, KoEco)를 이용하여 도심지역과 농촌지역에서 월동하는 흰뺨검둥오리의 서식지 이용을 파악하여 국내 수조류 서식지 보호∙관리의 기초자료로 활용하 고자 수행하였다. 연구지역은 경기도 안성시의 도심하천인 안성천과 해남의 산수저수지로 지역별로 각각 흰뺨검둥오리 5개체에 위치추적기를 부착하였다. 흰뺨검둥오리의 행동권 분석은 GIS용 SHP 파일과 ArcGIS 9.x Animal Movement Extension을 이용하였으며, 커널밀도측정법(Kernel Density Estimation : KDE)과 최소볼록다각형법(Minimum Convex Polygon Method : MCP)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 흰뺨검둥오리의 행동권은 최소볼록다각형법에 의하면 안성은 250.8 ㎢(SD=195.3, n=5), 해남은 89.1㎢(SD=69.6, n=5)이였다. 커널밀도측정법에 의한 50% 이용면적은 안성은 21.8㎢ (SD=26.9, n=5), 해남은 3.5㎢(SD=2.2 n=5)로 해남지역에서 좁은 행동권을 보였다. 흰뺨검둥오리의 서식지 이용을 보면 안성과 해남지역 모두 내륙습지와 논을 주로 이용하였다. 하지만 해남에서는 주간에, 안성에서는 야간에 논 이용률 이 높았으며, 월동후기로 갈수록 해남에서는 주간에, 안성에서는 야간에 논 이용률이 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

본 연구에서는 야생동물위치추적기(WT-300)을 이용하여 국내에 월동․번식하는 흰뺨검둥오리의 하루 동안 서식지 이용과 이동거리를 파악하여, 우리나라 수조류 서식지 보호․관리의 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 대상지역은 경기도 안성천, 충청남도 봉선저수지, 전라북도 만경강, 동진강, 전라남도 해남군 등 5개 하천과 저수지로 흰뺨검둥오리 20개체 에 위치추적기를 부착하였다. 흰뺨검둥오리는 월동기에 내륙수를 47.3%의 비중으로 가장 많이 이용하였으며, 다음으로 논, 해양수, 내륙습지, 연안습지 등이었다. 내륙수는 시간에 관계없이 꾸준히 이용하였다. 논은 야간에 주로 이용하였고, 내륙습지, 연안습지, 해양수의 경우 주간에 주로 이용하였다. 서식지 이용률 변화는 16시와 18시, 06시와 08시에 가장 컸다. 전체 평균 이동거리는 0.75±0.27㎞/2hours이었으며, 누적 이동거리는 8.95㎞이었다. 06시에서 08시, 16시에 서 18시에 이동한 거리는 2㎞이상으로 가장 길었다. 그 외 시간에는 1㎞미만의 이동거리를 보였다. 장거리를 이동한 시간은 서식지 이용률의 변화 폭이 가장 큰 시간과 일치하였다.

This study was conducted to survey the habitat selection by the Eastern Bean Goose Anser fabalis in the Upo wetland, Changnyeong gun. South Korea from October 2004 to March 2005. The mean number of Eastern Bean Geese was 2,104 individuals during the study period. The minimum number of about 100 individuals was observed in October 2004, and the maximum number of about 3,000 individuals was observed in November 2004 and January 2005. Fourteen sites were classified with respect to water depth and dominant food plant types, and the number of geese using the 14 sites was recorded every week. The sites that were mainly used were S-2 in Sajipo and Z-1 in Jjokjibeol in October, S-2 and S-4 in November, sites U-2 in Upo and Z-1 in December, sites U-2 and S-4 in January and February, and sites U-2 and Z-1 in March. Three aquatic plants, Scirpus fluviatillis, Trapa japonica, and Zizania latifolia were the main food for geese in the Upo wetland. We determined the monthly habitat selection indexes (Jacob’s index) for the three habitat types, which were classified according to three aquatic plant species. The habitat selection index of the area where Zizania latifolia predominated from October to February had the highest score of 0.40~0.47 among the three habitat types. This indicated that Bean Geese strongly preferred the habitat where Zizania latifolia predominated from October to February. By contrast, the habitat where Scirpus fluviatillis predominated was selected mainly in March. Faecal samples were collected randomly at the six sites mainly used by the geese each month. Zizania latifolia predominated in faeces from October to November, but the proportion of Scirpus fluviatillis and Trapa japonica in faeces increased from December to February.

2006년부터 2008년까지 월동기(10월~3월)동안 한강하구에 도래하는 재두루미의 서식지 이용현황을 조사하였다. 월동개체군은 평균 106.6개체(SD=27)가 관찰되었으며, 2008년 1월초에 최대 140개체가 관찰되었다. 재두루미는 농경지와 갯벌을 같이 이용하였으며, 월동기 동안농경지와 갯벌의 이용율에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(Mann-Whitney test. p=0.4). 시기별 이용율은 월동초기에는 농경지의 이용율이 높았으며, 월동후기에는 갯벌의 이용율이 높았다(Maul-Whitney test. 월동초기: p〈0.01, 월동후기: p〈0.01). 월동중기에는 농경지와 갯벌의 이용율에 차이가 없었다. 농경지는 홍도평, 평동, 이화동, 장항논을 모두 이용하였으며, 홍도평의 이용율이 높았다. 각 농경지간 이용율은 월동초기와 중기에 유의한 차이를 보였다(Kruskal-wallis test. p〈0.05). 갯벌은 김포대교~누산리 구간을 이용하였으며, 김포대교~일산대교 상류구간의 이용율이 높았다. 각 구간별 이용율은 시기별로 유의한 차이가 있었다(Kruskal-wallis test. p〈0.01).

The effect of environmental factors on the over-wintering success of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, which is considered as unable to hibernate during winter climate in Korea. This study was examined to determine the location of over-wintering habitats in the agricultural water system related with weed control using the apple snail in rice paddy field in the Yeongnam district from 2003 to 2006. Over-wintering success of the apple snail was observed at Hadong, Hapchen, Sanchung, Kimhae, Milyang, Changwon, Ulsan, Busan, Gyengju, Pohang, Chilgok, Seongju, Gumi, Sangju and Youngju in Yeongnam area. And the over-wintering locations of apple snail going north year by year. Accordingly, the successful over-wintering sites observed were deep wells, water running canals and brooks not dried conditions. A special feature of this sites was that the water of this sites was not frozen during winter season.

This study aims at analyzing relationships between land use and habitat types of winter wildbirds to provide basic understanding of ecosystem for preservation and restoration of urban ecosystem in the future. The research area is Hanam City. Researches on land use types showed Hanam City had 79.1% of greenspace and openspace, but intensive urban development has been taking place in greenspace that is adjacent to urban districts. This has brought the problems of lack of greenspace in urban districts and damages to cultivated areas and grassland. A total of 61 and 8,642 populations of winter wildbird species were observed in research areas. Paradoxornis webbiana(16.91), Passer montanus(11.93), Pica pica(6.88) were dominant species. When they were divided according to habitat types, 20 species of interior species, 8 species of interior-edge generalist species, 12 species of edge species and 3 species of urban species were observed. When which land use type was mostly served as wildbirds habitats was examined, urban species(3 species and 290 populations) was a dominant species in urban districts while in greenspace and openspaece, water species(19species and 3,075 populations) including winter migratory birds was. Among greenspace and openspaece, edge species was dominant in forest while urban species was a dominant species in cultivated areas. This shows there is a need to improve diversity of wildbirds through restoration of cultivated areas in the central part of Hanam City.