The purpose of this study was first, to clarify the clothing benefits that Uzbek female college students seek through clothing products; and second, to determine whether there is a difference in clothing involvement and clothing purchasing behavior according to the type of clothing benefits. Data were collected from 290 female university students from Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and analyzed using factor analysis, K-means group classification analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, χ2-test, and frequency analysis. Respondents were classified into four types according to their clothing benefits: individuality/economy-pursuit, comfort-pursuit, fashion/brand-pursuit, and indifference. Significant differences were identified in terms of clothing involvement, information sources, clothing evaluation criteria, clothing store attributes, clothing wearing conditions (including monthly clothing expenses), number of purchases per year, clothing purchase location, clothing preference style, and clothing dissatisfaction. The fashion/brand-pursuit and personality/economy-pursuit types were influenced more by fashion and symbolism of clothing involvement, information sources, clothing evaluation criteria, and clothing store attributes. The individuality/economy-pursuit type purchased more frequently, spent more monthly clothing expenses, and used the internet. Clothing store attributes were considered more important by female students than the other attributes. In these results, clothing benefits were identified as consumer characteristics of female Uzbek college students and market segmentation was determined. In addition, it is meaningful in providing basic data for efficient marketing activities and minimizing trials and errors in establishing local-friendly strategies for target customers in different cultures.

Internet technology now allows products and services to be purchased through online or mobile shopping. Many firms open online and mobile stores or establish social network services to meet changing customer desires. Despite the convenience of online shopping, customers are often uncertain about product quality because they cannot see or touch products. Consequently, firms may use various certifications that assure product quality such as KC in the Republic of Korea, CE in Europe, and UL in the United States. In addition, consumers are becoming increasingly concerned that the fashion industry presents threats to the environment and well-being. In response, fashion manufacturers are turning to the use of organic, eco-friendly, sustainable fabrics. Most studies about organic manufacturing have focused on the food industry, but we contend that clothing is similar to the organic food industry in the importance of certification that guarantees whether products are produced organically. In this study, we focus on how consumers rely on certification when they search for information and purchase organic clothes for infants. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our results.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in various fashion lifestyle segments’ perceived benefits and design preferences for outdoor clothing to improve the development of outdoor clothing. Data were collected by questionnaire from 600 subjects aged 30 years and over with experience purchasing outdoor clothing in the past year. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, reliability analysis, ANOVA, and chi-square analysis were used for the data analysis. The results of this study were as follows. Four segments were identified based on fashion lifestyle: manifoldly conscious, sensation conscious, practicality conscious, and brand conscious. Perceived outdoor clothing benefits generated three dimensions, including premium brand, practicality, and functionality, and preferred image produced two factors, tasteful/refined and comfortable/casual. Significant differences were found in the purpose of purchasing outdoor clothing, perceived benefit, and image and t-shirt pattern design preference among the segments. The manifoldly conscious group had a higher tendency to pursue various benefits and images of outdoor clothing and to prefer t-shirt textile designs with foulards and stripes. The sensation conscious group considered fashion and individuality in daily life but not in outdoor clothing. The practicality conscious group showed a preference for simple and casual styles with functionality and foulard patterns for t-shirts. The brand conscious group tended to prefer a striking design to functionality. This study is expected to be used as preliminary data for merchandising planning of outdoor clothing.

The purposes of this study were to categorize of pro-environmental clothing purchasing and disposal behaviors and to identify impacts of health and environment consciousness on pro-environmental clothing purchase and disposal behaviors. The subjects were homemakers (n=381), and they were segmented into LOHAS group, environment conscious group, unconscious group, and wellbeing group according to their health and environment consciousness. Older homemakers were included in LOHAS group and environment conscious group. And these homemakers performed pro-environmental clothing purchasing and disposal behaviors better than wellbeing group or unconscious group. Health consciousness was positively related with the second-hand clothing purchasing and recycling. Environment consciousness was positively related with clothing made with organic, natural or functional materials, or the second-hand clothing purchasing, and recycling of the second-hand clothing. There was a need to develop continuing education programs to strengthen homemakers' health and environment consciousness, or to upgrade their pro-environmental clothing purchase and disposal behaviors.

The purposes of this study are to segment women consumers on the basis of clothing shopping orientation and to investigate clothing purchasing behaviors of each segmented group by age variable for development of effective fashion marketing strategies to meet very changeable modern consumers' needs. The research methodology is survey and subjects were 650 women aged from 20s to 60s. The questionnaire consist of measurement items for clothing shopping orientation, clothing purchasing behaviors and subjects' demographic attributions. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's α, factor analysis, cluster analysis, χ2 test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results are as follows. First, 5 factors were emerged on clothing shopping orientation. Second, women consumers are segmented into 4 types(conspicuous, convenient, pleasurable, and unconcerned type) by clothing shopping orientation. Third, each consumer type divided by age variable showed some important differences on demographic characteristics and various clothing purchasing behaviors. Therefore, the results of this study support that clothing shopping orientation can be useful as one of the effective differentiated variables to segment women consumer market and age variable has important mediate effects on the differences of clothing purchasing behaviors by clothing shopping orientation type.

The purpose of this study was to compare clothing values and clothing purchasing behaviors between Korean and American college students, especially men. Also this study was to analyze the clothing values effect on the clothing purchasing behavior. For the practical study, 200 questionaries were surveyed, 110 from Korea and 105 from American. The average and frequency, t-test, χ2, multi-variate analysis of variance and factor analysis were used for this study. The result showed, first, there were little differences in the clothing value aspect. Both Korean college men and American college men considered the theoretical value to be most important, however, the American college men were higher than the Korean college men for theoretical, economic and political values. Compared to the Americans, the Koreans considered social clothing value to be more important but theoretical, economic and political values were less important. Second, there were some differences in most of all the clothing purchasing behaviors. There were slight differences in the reasons for the purchases between Korean and American college men. Both of them said that they purchase clothes to satisfy their needs. Regarding the information sources for the purchase, The Korean college men were slightly higher than the American college men for the media information sources and lower than them for the human information sources. Regarding the place where the clothes were purchased, the Korean college men preferred to make purchases at department stores, and the American college men preferred shopping malls. Regarding the monthly expenses for clothing, less than 50,000 won($50) was the average for most of the Korean women, but most of the American college women spent 100,000 150,000 won($150) per month. Third, the clothing value was different in the reason for purchasing, the purchasing information source, the purchasing place, and the monthly expenses for the clothing.

The purpose of this study is to understand factors of risk perception and purchase obstruction by consumer characteristics and purchase experience of clothing in online. The collection of the research materials was progressed by online and offline. Out of 374 usable questionnaires used for examining this study, 278 questionnaires were collected from offline and 107 questionnaires were collected from online. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, One-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN 12.0 were conducted. Three factors of perceived risk were extracted: harmonic/image, quality/shopping process, payments. Based on these dimensions, ANOVA was conducted. The results indicated that the more purchasing experience people had, the less the extent of perceived risk they got, and quality/shopping process risk mostly among them. As the factors which obstruct purchasing decision, a security obstruction, a reliability obstruction, a convenient obstruction and an information insufficient obstruction are extracted. Also, the factors have got the result of same aspects as the perceived risk recognized by the Internet shopping experience. Meaningful differences between groups appear at security obstruction, reliability obstruction, and convenient obstruction. Perceived risk almost influenced on purchase obstruction when purchasing clothes in Internet shopping mall. When consumers perceiving harmony/image risk highly make decisions, they usually hesitate or abandon due to reliability obstruction, convenient obstruction. All the factors: including security obstruction, reliability obstruction, convenient obstruction and information insufficient obstruction made consumers perceiving quality/shopping process risk highly obstruct purchase decision.