The Pyrosim fire simulation program was used to investigate changes in operating time as a function of the attachment height of a fixed-temperature detector. Operating times were analyzed for detector heights ranging from 4 m to 7.5 m, in 0.5 m increments, within a 30 m2 space. The fire source was modeled as a wooden pallet 1.22 m in height, and a Type 1 fixed-temperature detector with an activation temperature of 67.9℃ was used. The simulation results showed that operating time increased progressively with detector height, rising from 155.7 seconds at 4m to 206.3 seconds at 7.5 m a maximum delay of 50.6 seconds. Notably, larger increases were observed in the 4 m ~ 4.5 m and 6 m ~ 6.5 m ranges 14.9 and 11.5 seconds, respectively than those observed in other intervals. This suggests that critical height ranges should be considered when establishing detector installation standards. This study found that current design standards may not ensure adequate detection performance in high-ceilinged structures. In warehouses and industrial facilities with ceilings of 6m or higher, such delays in detector activation could hinder early detection, indicating a need for improvements

This study quantitatively analyzed the effect of ceiling height on the response time of rate of rise heat detectors. A 7 m × 5 m simulation model was constructed using the PyroSim program, and scenarios were conducted by varying the installation height from 4.0 m to 7.5 m in 0.5 m increments. A wooden pallet fire source, placed at a height of 1.22 m, was simulated. The simulation results showed that as the installation height increased, the response time was delayed from 155.6 seconds to 204.6 seconds a difference of approximately 49 seconds. Meanwhile, the activation temperature decreased from 50.4 ℃ to 43.4 ℃, representing a drop of about 7 ℃. These findings indicate that in structures with higher ceilings, the responsiveness of detectors may be compromised due to the delayed arrival of hot air flows. Therefore, current height based installation standards in prescriptive design should be re-evaluated for high ceiling structures. Complementary design measures such as optimized placement, detector type selection, and increased installation density are recommended.

For future space IR missions, such as SPICA, it is crucial to establish an experimental method for eval- uating the performance of mid-IR detectors. In particular, the wavelength dependence of the sensitivity is important but difficult to be measured properly. We are now preparing a testing system for mid-IR Si:As/Si:Sb detectors on SPICA. We have designed a cryogenic optical system in which IR signal light from a pinhole is collimated, passed through an optical filter, and focused onto a detector. With this system, we can measure the photoresponse of the detector for various IR light using optical lters with different wavelength properties. We have fabricated aluminum mirrors which are adopted to minimize thermal distortion effects and evaluated the surface figure errors. The total wavefront error of the optical system is 1.3 μm RMS, which is small enough for the target wavelengths (20-37 μm) of SPICA. The point spread function measured at a room temperature is consistent with that predicted by the simulation. We report the optical performance of the system at cryogenic temperatures.

To realize large-format compact array detectors covering a wide far-infrared wavelength range up to 200 μm, we have been developing Blocked-Impurity-Band (BIB) type Ge detectors with the room- temperature surface-activated wafer bonding technology provided by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. We fabricated various types of p+-i junction devices which possessed a BIB-type structure, and evaluated their spectral response curves using a Fourier transform spectrometer. From the Hall effect measurement, we also obtained the physical characteristics of the p+ layers which constituted the p+-i junction devices. The overall result of our measurement shows that the p+-i junction devices have a promising applicability as a new far-infrared detector to cover a wavelength range of 100-200 μm.

새터민들의 남한사회 적응문제는 경제적 지원만으로 해결할 수 없으며, 이들의 스트레스와 불안한 심리적 측면이 다뤄질 수 있는 통합적 지원대책이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구는 문헌연구를 바탕으로 새터민의 스트레스를 조절하고 예방하는 심리적 개입으로 음악치료접근을 논의하였다. 억압적인 사회체제에서 개인의 욕구나 감정을 표현할 수 없었던 새터민은 스트레스를 말과 행동으로 표현하는데 어려울 수 있다. 따라서 내면의 감정 및 언어적 표현을 쉽게 해주고 내재된 긴장이나 불안을 완화시켜줄 수 있는 치료적 개입이 요구된다. 음악치료는 음악을 매개하여 인간의 정신적, 육체적 갈등과 고통을 완화하고 심리적 안정을 주는 안전한 치료환경을 제공한다. 새터민에게 음악은 감정을 이입시키고 발산하는 치료적 기능으로 활용될 수 있으며, 접근이 쉽다는 점에서 유용하다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 스트레스 감소 및 예방으로서 음악 감상, 노래 부르기, 노래 만들기를 제언 하였다.

We have developed superconducting mixer receivers for 129 GHz VLBI observation in Korean VLBI Network (KVN). The developed mixer has a radial waveguide probe with simple transmission line L-C transformer as a tuning circuit to its 5 series-connected junctions, which can have 125 - 165 GHz as the operation radio frequency (RF). For intermediate frequency (IF) signal path a high impedance quarter-wavelength line connects the probe to one end of symmetric RF chokes. The double side band (DSB) receiver noise of the mixer was about 40 K over 4 - 6 GHz IF band, whereas we achieved the uncorrected single side band (SSB) noise temperature of about 70 K and better than 10 dB image rejection ratio in 2SB configuration with 8 - 10 GHz IF band. Insert-type receiver cartridges employing the mixers have been under commission for KVN stations.

Recently as the testing of fire detector used the testing device for fire detector, there are something the matter in the perception function loss of fire detector, structure and form of the testing device for fire detector. The problem at oxidation of emitting smoke ashes hazardous article part and so on that checking person absorbs be. In this paper the problem or the conventional the examination equipment of fire detectors is analysed and researched. To solve these problems after the theoretical study and design and paint drawing of equipment the prototype of composite examination equipment of fire detectors was made. After compared with the conventional, part that improve of composite examination equipment of fire detectors are verified through the examination. In the future it will be useful the operation state and correct operation time of the fire detectors are measured after the research about the quality of the material and transparency of bellows cover is done.

In attempts to detect gravitational waves, the response of some celestial systems such as the earth[l] or binary systems[2] to such waves have been investigated. Following this line of thought, here we study the possibility of excitation of the oscillation modes of a polytropic star by gravitational radiation and calculate the relevant absorption cross sections.

The world wide efforts for detecting gravitational waves, the detectors in vogue and the expected astrophysical sources of gravitational waves will be discussed. Ground based detectors especially, the resonant bar detectors and laser interferometers will be described with a brief mention of the space based detector (the LISA project). Astrophysical sources of gravitational waves such as coalescing binaries, supernovae, pulsars/ rotating neutron stars, stochastic background will be discussed in the context of detection.

Currently, Japan is undertaking a nationwide project to measure and map radioactive contamination around Fukushima, as part of the efforts to restore normalcy following the nuclear accident. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) manages the Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, located approximately 20 km north of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Minamisōma City, Fukushima Prefecture. In collaboration with the JAEA, this study involved conducting comparison experiments and analyses with radiation detectors in high radiation environments, a challenging task in Korean environments. Environmental radiation surveys were conducted using three types of detectors: CZT, NaI(Tl), and LaBr3(Ce), across two contaminated areas. Dose rate values were converted using dose rate conversion factors for each detector type, and dose rate maps were subsequently created and compared. The detectors yielded similar results, demonstrating their feasibility and reliability in high radiation environments. The findings of this study are expected to be a crucial reference for enhancing the verification and supplementation of procedures and methods in future radiation measurements and mobile surveys in high-radiation environments, using these three types of radiation instruments.

Airborne surveys are an essential analysis method for rapid response and contamination identification in the early event of a radiation emergency. On the other hand, airborne surveys are far from the ground, so it is necessary to convert the dose rate at a height of 1 m above the ground. In order to improve the accuracy of the analysis value, a lot of analysis of the measurement data is required. In our previous research, we developed MARK-A1, an instrument for rapid radiation aerial survey in high radiation environment, and MARK-M1, a multipurpose instrument for radiation detection. In this study, a large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to conduct airborne surveys using three types of detectors in the Jeju Island environment. The NaI(Tl) detector uses one 3-inch scintillator (38 mm φ × 38 mm H), and the LaBr3 detector uses two 2-inch scintillators (25 mm φ × 25 mm H). The CZT detector uses a detector with dimensions of (15 mm × 15 mm × 7.5 mm). The UAV has a payload of 15 kg (J10, JCH systems Inc. Seoul, Korea). Three different detectors were operated at a constant height of 20 m, 30 m, and 50 m. The flight experiments were performed in the west near Jeju City. Dose rate conversion factors were used to convert the dose rate from the measured spectra, and hovering flights were conducted between 1 and 50 meters to derive altitude correction factors. In this paper, the data measured with each detector in the same area were compared and the differences were derived.