Yield losses due to diseases and insect pests were mentioned and emphasized the efficiency of resistant cultivars in curving the yield losses and increasing chemical efficiency. Present status of resistance breeding for blast, bacterial leaf blight viruses, brown planthopper and white backed planthopper were introduced and the resistance sources for those are discussed. Breeding strategies for above items were presented. Specially for the blast resistance, discussions were made in some detail. With brief future prospects of resistance breeding in Korea, a suggestion was made for pathologists to make clear about whether the blast spores will be brought from mainland China as we see with Bph and Wbph or not.

In this study, we investigated the disease, insect damage, growth, and yield characteristics of sorghum and foxtail millet in an organic paddy-upland rotation system at Anseong-si Gyeonggi province, Korea, in 2016. Seven varieties of sorghum and foxtail millet are used in this study. A rotational upland field and continuously cropped upland field were compared in order to establish an optimum cultural method and to select the best sorghum and foxtail varieties for a paddy-upland rotation system. The incidence rate of major diseases was higher for sorghum than for foxtail millet. Moktaksusu (22.8%) had the highest incidence rate among sorghum varieties. Hwanggeumchal (7.0%) had the highest incidence rate among foxtail millet varieties. DS202 (89.3%) was the most severely damaged by Ostrinia furnacalis larva, which is the main pest of sorghum and maize. The weed numbers, and the weed fresh and dry weights were lower in the rotational upland field than in the continuously cropped upland field. Futhermore, the number of weed plants decreased by 42% and the dry weight of weeds decreased by 33% in the rotational upland field compared to the continuously cropped upland field. The culm length of sorghum and foxtail millet were 7.9 cm, and 3.4 cm longer, respectively, in the rotational upland field than in the continuously cropped upland field. The average yield of sorghum per 10 a increased by 90% in the rotational upland field compared to continuously cropped upland field. However, there was no significant difference between the rotational upland field and the continuously cropped upland field for foxtail millet. The most suitable varieties for a paddy-upland rotation system were judged to be Hwanggeumchal, Donganmae, and DS202 for sorghum, and Samdachal, Samdamae, Dahwangmae for foxtail millet.

본 시험은 논으로부터 밭으로 윤환한 2년차인 답전윤환밭과 연속밭에 풋옥수수 찰옥4호 등 8품종을 사용하여 윤환밭과 연속밭의 병충해 발생, 생육 및 수량특성 차이 구명은 물론 풋옥수수의 체계적인 유기농 답전윤환 재배기술을 위한 기초자료를 확립하고자 수행한 결 과는 다음과 같다. 유기농 답전윤환 시 주요 병해는 전반적으로 연속밭에 비해 윤환밭에서 발병률이 높았으며, 시험품종 중 저항성 품종으로 발병률이 2% 미만인 흑진주찰과 대학찰 로 판단되었다. 유기농 답전윤환 시 주요 충해인 조명나방 유충 피해는 전반적으로 연속밭 에 비해 윤환밭에서 피해주율이 높았으며, 시험품종 중 저항성 품종으로는 피해주율이 낮 은 찰옥4호와 흑점2호로 판단되었다. 유기농 답전윤환 시 수량은 윤환밭에서 연속밭의 85 % 수준으로 감소하였으며, 답전윤환밭에서는 찰옥4호가 789.0 kg/10a로 가장 수량이 많았 다. 내병성, 내충성, 수량을 종합 평가하면 유기농 답전윤환 시 적합 품종으로는 찰옥4호, 흑진주찰, 흑점2호로 판단된다.

To investigate the forecasting of plant disease and insect for an agricultural complex and farm in environment-friendly cultivation of Rice, environment-friendly agricultural five complexs and five farms were selected in Youngam and Naju area, Jonnam, Korea. Preventation objects of plant disease and insect were leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, and hopper. Factors of sheath blight occurrence in environment-friendly ag꺼cultural complex were a fast transplanting time and a naπ。w planting density. Bacterialleaf blight in rice occurred severely in the area under water. Rice growth in environment-friendly agricultural complex was decreased heavy drying by hopper appearance.

During 2005~2009, current status on the occurrence and the management of the major disease, insect and mite pests were investigated in the non-chemical or organic cultured apple orchards in Korea. Numbers of certified organic or non-chemical apple orchards increased from 14 in 2005 to 78 in 2008. Severe damages on leaves and fruits were caused by the several diseases such as marssonina blotch, bitter rot, white rot, sooty blotch and flyspeck, and the several insect pests such as apple leaf-curling aphid, woolly apple aphid, oriental fruit moth and peach fruit moth on the almost certified organic or non-chemical pest control orchards. About 10 and 18 environmental-friendly materials were used to control diseases and insect or mite pests, respectively. But, lime sulfur and bordeaux mixture to diseases and machine oil, plant oil mixed with egg yolk, and pheromone mating disruptions to insect pests were effective under the adequate conditions.

대두 씨스트 선충포에 있어서 대두 품종별 선충저항성정도를 검정하여 내선충성 대두 품종육성시 기초자료로 삼고져 본 시험을 실시하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지표품종에 대한 평균 종실중 감소율은 저항성 품종은 38~44%, 감수성 품종은 6972%로 차리가 뚜렷하였으며 전중 및 협수도 같은 경향이었다. 2. 공시된 품종중 저항성정도가 최강 인 품종은 5, 강 에 속하는 것이 8품종으로써 이를은 모두 중ㆍ만생종이었다. 저항성 품종으로 유망시 되는 것으로는 울산, 강림, pickett 71, Forrest, Bedford 등이었다. 3. 선충포에 있어서 종실중, 전중 및 협수의 감소율을 조생종을 62~75%, 중생종은 39~65%, 만생종은 29~36%로써 생육일수가 짧은 품종일수록 저항성이 약하게 나타났다. 이 원인으로서는 선충의 분포범위와 대두 뿌리의 발생심도 및 발생량, 가해시기와 대두의 개화기 및 회복가능기간이 밀접히 관여하고 있는 것으로 고찰되었다. 4. 내선충성 품종선파을 위한 유의 상관 형질은 전중, 협수, 100입중, 주전장이었으며 특히 전종과 협수는 모두 +0.9 이상의 고도의 상관계수를 보였다.