The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between HbA1c level and health risk factor. For analysis, 330 elderly women aged 65 years and over were recruited in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were classified into two groups according to their HbA1c level; the diabetic group (HbA1c level≥6.5%, n=68, 20.6%) and control group (HbA1c level< 6.5%, n=262, 79.4%). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, a health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups and nutrient intake. Educational level of the diabetic group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The height of the diabetic group was shorter, and percentage fat of the diabetic group was higher than those of the control group. In the diabetic group, the higher concentrations of creatinine and activity of alkaline phosphatase were found to be significantly unfavorable factors. Therefore, the diabetic group was assumed to be at risk of decreased liver and renal function. The self-rated health level of the diabetic group has a declining tendency, while the medicine intake was significantly higher than that of the control group, but there are no significant differences in visiting frequency of hospital and community health center. The distribution of physical activity showed a significant difference between the groups. Although there are no significant differences in nutrient intake, the diabetic group had relatively inferior nutrient intake of diet, especially vitamin C, as contrasted with the control group. In conclusion, the weight control and increasing physical activity may be effective in the prevention of the diabetes and continuous education and intervention by specialized nutritionists will be needed for diabetic patients. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy and the prevention of the diabetes of Korean elderly people living in rural areas.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary habit and nutritional status by household income in female adults, using data from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007~2009). Subjects were 8,356 women over the age of 20 years. The subjects were classified into 4 groups by household income level. Dietary data from 24 hr recall methods were used to analyze nutritional status. The obesity rate of the low income group was significantly higher than the rates of other income groups. Additionally, the nutritional status of the low income group was worse than those of other groups. The percentage of carbohydrate in total energy intake was higher and food security status was lower in the low income group than in other groups. Awareness and adherence to dietary guidelines were also lower in the low income group. Adherence to a dietary guideline of ‘avoiding salty foods and trying to eat foods with bland taste’ and ‘eating a variety of foods from each food group’ were lower than those of other groups. However, the frequency of skipping breakfast among the low income group was lower than that of others. Therefore, this study suggested that low income women should decrease the percentage of carbohydrate in total energy intake and adhere to dietary guidelines, especially those of avoiding salty foods and eating a variety of food groups, in order to improve their nutritional status.

The purpose of this study was to determine the basic materials needed for nutrition and health programs for aged people. In order to set up these programs, the nutritional habit, nutritional knowledge and functional health status (mobility, functional assessment, and falls efficacy) of the aged were measured, and their relationships were determined. Data was collected on 57 aged individuals that participated in the 'Exercise Program for the Aged' conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation. These 57 subjects were interviewed and tested by direct measurement prior to conducting the program. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 13.0 Package. According to the results, the nutritional habit ranged from 24-50 out of 50, and the average was 37.2, which was above the middle level. The average nutritional knowledge was of 4.02 out of 5, which was considered reasonably high. Especially, more than half of these subjects were uneducated, but they had a high interest in nutrition. The average mobility was determined to be 9.2 seconds and the falls efficacy was 64.2 out of 100. In addition, subjects answered that they had a fear of falling due to low confidence, which indicates that safety education for the prevention of falls should be provided to aged individuals in the future. The results showed that notable counter-relations between nutritional habit and functional health status existed.

본 연구는 서울시내 직장인의 식생활태도 및 식습관과 건강과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 서울에서 직장을 다니고 있는 직장인 389명(남자 224명, 여자 165명)을 대상으로 설문조사 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 연령은 31-40세가 50.9%, 직업은 사무직 교사 공무원이 46.8%, 교육수준은 대졸이 51.2%, 가족형태는 배우자 및 자녀와 함께 사는 직장인이 29.3%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. 조사대상자의 건강과 관련된 사항 중 현재 건강상태는 보통이다가 69.4%이며, 평소 건강에 대한 관심은 많다가 55.0%로 높은 관심을 보이고 있다. 평소 운동의 규칙성을 보면 운동을 하지 않는다가 48.8%로 높게 나타났다. 수면상태는 보통이다가 46.8%, 충분하지 못하다는 43.9%로 나타났으며, 흡연양은 담배를 피우지 않는다가 41.6%, 음주횟수로는 주 1-2회가 74.8%로 높게 나타났다. 3. 식생활태도에 관한 특성 중 하루 식사 횟수는 2회가 61.4%로 가장 높았으며, 식사시간은 규칙적이다가 53.2%, 규칙적이지 않다는 46.8%로 비슷하게 나타났으며, 식사시 소요시간은 10-30분 미만이 69.2%로 가장 많았으며, 식사량은 거의 일정하다가 62.0%, 일주일에 아침식사를 하는 횟수에 대한 결과는 3-4회가 28.0%로 나타났고, 결식은 아침에 한다는 응답자가 71.4%로 나타났고, 그 이유는 시간이 부족해서 (46.5%), 습관적으로 (22.6%) 순이었다. 편식을 하지 않는 직장인들이 56.5%이며, 하루 동안 간식첫수는 1-2회가 72.2%로 대부분의 직장인들은 간식을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 식욕 상태는 보통이다가 43.2%, 좋은 경우는 37.3%로 대체로 식욕이 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 평소 선호하는 음식맛은 매운맛이 40.3%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 건강보조식품섭취에 대한 결과는 가끔씩 섭취한다가 51.7%, 규칙적으로 섭취한다는 14.4%로 나타났으며, 그 이유는 피로회복을 위해서 (51.7%)가 가장 많았으며, 다음으로는 질병의 예방 및 치료를 위해서 (23.1%)로 나타났다. 직장인의 식습관을 조사한 결과는 평균 4.43점으로 Fair집단이고, Fair집단은 42.4%, Poor집단은 39.6%로 직장인들의 식습관이 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 식생활 태도와 인구 통계적 특성과의 관계는 성별에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있었으며, 운동을 주 1~2회 하고, 수면을 충분히 취하는 경우와 건강상태가 좋은 경우에는 식습관 점수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 식생활태도에 있어서 연령층이 높을수록 좋게 나타났으며 직업과의 관계에서는 모든 집단이 식욕상태가 양호하며, 피로회복을 위해 건강보조식품을 섭취하는 경우가 많았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 직장인들은 건강에 대한 관심도가 높은 반면에 올바르지 못한 건강관리와 식생활태도로 인해 좋지 않은 식습관을 가지고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 잘못된 식습관은 신체적인 건강상태뿐만 아니라 개인의 정서발달에도 좋지 않은 영향을 미치게 되므로, 현대의 직장인들은 식생활 전반에 있어서 바람직한 태도와 규칙적인 운동과 적당한 수면 및 휴식을 취함으로써 건강을 유지하기 위한 올바른 식습관을 실천하도록 노력하여야 할 것이다.

건강식품 및 원료의 유효성분 및 위해요소 조사분석에 관한 연구의 기초조사로 건강식품에 대한 소비자의 의식조사를 실시하였으며 1차적으로 건강과 식습관에 관한 소비자 의식구조에 대하여 분석하였다. 설문지를 이용하여 서울, 경기 지역에 거주하는 방문 및 협조가 가능한 20세 이상의 일반 소비자 1000명을 대상으로 1995년 10월부터 96년 2월에 걸쳐 직접 방문하고 설문지를 배부하여 설명한 후 조사 대상자가 직접 기입하게 하는 방법으로 조사하였다. 882부를 회수(회수율 88%)하였으나 이중 불완전한 응답 23부를 제외한 859부(유효회수율 86%)를 SAS프로그램을 이용하여 통계 처리하였다. 조사 대상자의 사회경제적 여건에 대하여는 단순빈도와 백분율을 구하였고 교차표를 이용하여 결혼 여부, 월수입, 교육정도 등의 사회경제적 여건과의 통계적 연관성을 파악하였다. 조사결과 건강유지를 위해 가장 중요하게 고려하는 사항으로는 식습관(39.8%)이라고 답하였으며 93.9%가 식습관에 의해 질병에 걸릴 수 있다고, 97.1%가 식습관에 의해 질병이 치료될 수 있다고 믿고 있어 건강과 식습관이 매우 밀접한 관계가 있음을 인식하고 있었다. 가장 염려되는 질병으로는 암(30.6%), 성인병(14.1%), 사고에 의한 질병(12.6%), 비만(10%) 순이였고 식습관에 의해 발병할 수 있다고 믿는 질병의 종류에는 당뇨병(35.6%), 비만증(22.4%), 고혈압(12.8%), 변비(12.7%), 암(7.9%) 순이였으며 식습관에 의해 치료할 수 있다고 믿는 질병의 종류에는 당뇨병(40.1%), 비만증(25.9%), 변비(16.5%), 고혈압(7.4%), 암(3.3%) 순으로 나타나 당뇨병과 비만증은 식습관과 매우 밀접하다고 인식하고 있는 반면 가장 염려되는 암에 대해서는 큰 기대를 하고 있지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

This research was attempted to investigate the correlation between food habits as well as preferences and health conditions of middle-aged people. 380 people living in Dae-gu, kimchon and kumrung gun in the 40's or 50's were selected for this research as subjects from July 1 to August 15, 1990. The data analysis was made by way of frequency, percentage, χ2-test and Pearson correlation using SAS package. The summarized results are as follows. 1. Among the total subjects of this research, 200 people (52.6%) were male and 180 people (47.4%) were female. The regional distribution was like this; 115 people (30.3%) lived in large city, 154 people (40.5%) in small and medium city and 111 people (29.2%) in rural region. 2. The survey on food life attitude on the subjects showed that they had a relatively good attitude, and there were little significant differences (p〈.05) between men and women. But there were significant differences (p〈.001) between rural region and city. 3. On the preferences for taste, food and cooked food the subjects showed the lowest preferences for processed milk-fat food and the highest for soybean and processed soybean food. 4. The research on health condition 1) 30.8% of the subjects were obesity. And this research showed that the percentage of obesity was higher among men (33.5%) than women (27.8%), and higher in cities (40.4, 34.4%) than rural region (16.2%), (p〈.05, p〈.01). 2) 90.8% of the subjects showed negative according to Diabetes inspection. 3) 2.0% of the subjects were hypertensive, and the percentage was higher among women than men, and higher in rural region than cities. 4) 12.6% of the subjects were anemia, and the percentage was higher among women (17.8%) than men (8.0%), and higher in rural region (23.4%) than cities (7.0, 9.1%). 5) DMFT index and DMF rate of dental caries was higher among women (DMFT index; 10.6 DMF rate; 88.9) than men (DMFT index; 7.3 DMF rate; 81.5), and higher in rural region (DMFT index; 11.8 DMF rate; 90.1) than cities (DMFT index; 7.4, 7.9 DMF rate; 79.1, 85.7). 6) According to the survey on self-diagnosed health status of subjects, the percentages of articular·neuralgia (48.9%) was the highest. And that of stomach digestion troubles (31.1%), headache (22.4%), anxiety excitement (12.9%), spastic constipation (12.4%), insomnia (9.7%), melancholia (7.9%) and etc (1.6%) followed. 7) People had allergied food which contained animal protein such as pork, chicken, mackerel, siakworm pupa, clam and so on. 8) In female cases, 46.7% of women became already menopausal and 13.3% of them was under menopause. 5. This research showed that there were significant correlation between food life attitude and health condition in obesity, anemia and dental caries but not in blood pressure. 6. And this research also showed that there were significant correlations between food preference and health condition in obesity, anemia and dental caries but not in blood pressure.