국내에서 육성된 딸기 '매향' 등 6품종을 대상으로 유기재배 방법으로 촉성 및 반촉성 작형에서 재배하여 생육, 수량, 과실 품질 및 병해충 발생 양상 등을 조사하여 유기농 재배에 적합한 딸기 품종을 선발하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 2년에 걸친 시험 결과 두작형 모두에서 '설향'의 수확량이 타품종에 비하여 유의성있게 높았다. '설향'의 재배기간 전체 평균 당도는 12.0˚Bx로 타품종과 비교하여 낮은 경향이었으며 특히 고온기에 당도저하가 두드러졌다. 그러나 촉성 재배의 주요 출하시기인 2월 하순까지는 타품종과 비슷한 당도 변화를 보였다. '설향'의 경도는 평균 279g/Φ5mm로서 기존 촉성재배 대비 품종인 '아키히메'보다 조금 높은 경향을 보였으며, 산도는 '매향'(0.69%)에서 가장 높았다. 촉성 재배시 '선홍'에서 생체중 및 근중이 타 품종에 비하여 유의하게 높았으며, 엽면적은 '설향'이 유의성있게 높았다. 반촉성재배시 품종간 생육 특성은 통계적으로 유의성이 없었다. 병해충 발생양상을 조사한 결과 '설향'의 잿빛곰팡이병 발병도가 높게 나타났다. 재배 및 육묘기 모두 '설향'이 흰가루병에 강한 저항성을 보였으며, 목화진딧물 발생량도 타품종과 비교하여 낮은 경향이었다. 점박이응애 발생량은 '레드펄'에서 낮은 밀도를 보였다. 전체적인 생육 및 병해충 발생양상을 조사한 결과 '설향'이 촉성 유기 재배에 가장 적합한 품종으로 판단되었으며 반촉성 재배시에는 고온기 '설향'의 경도 및 당도가 저하되어 적합하지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to select native ground cover plants for sod culture in an organic apple orchard by estimating the effect of three native ground cover plants, Glechoma hederacea, Thymus magnus, and Ixeris stolonifera, on the soil coverage, time-periodic weed occurrence, fruit characteristics, and soil chemical properties. The plant height of G. hederace, T. magnus and I. stolonifera were 15.0 ㎝, 13.4 ㎝ and 7.2 ㎝, respectively. The dry weight of G. hederace, T. magnus and I. stolonifera were 463 ㎏/10a, 247 ㎏/10a, and 255 ㎏/10a, respectively. The plant height and dry weight of G. hederacea were higher than in the other species. T. magnus and I. stolonifera having relatively lower soil cover rate during their life cycle produced a lot of weeds in the orchard as compared with the control. In contrast, G. hederacea showed 100 percentage of ground cover in the first year, and maintained high percentage of ground cover in the growing season of ‘Tsugaru’ apple for another 2 years. When the soil was covered with G. hederacea in the orchard for 3 years, the amount of weed was only 114 ㎏/10a and number of weeding was also reduced about 33% compared with control as well as the other species. There were no differences in the tree growth and fruit characteristics between the native ground cover plants and the control; however, positive effects of native ground cover plants on soil chemical properties were found. In G. hederacea, available P2O4content in soils remarkably increased and was a significant difference among native species. In addition, cation (Ca, Mg and K) content in soils increased by 39% in Ca, 6% in Mg, and 11% in K at G. hederacea compared with control. These results suggest that G. hederacea could be advantageous in terms of reducing the amount of herbicide applied and the labor required for weed control, and controlling soil chemical properties; therefore, it is a good candidate for sod culture in an organic apple orchard.

본 논문은 T. S. 엘리엇이 유기적 공동체와 유럽 문화의 통일성에 대 해 어떤 생각을 갖고 있었는지에 대하여 문학적이며 문화적인 의미와 의의를 검토한다. 그의 유기적 공동체에 대한 모델은 17세기 이전의 농 업 또는 기독교 사회에만 기초한다기보다는, 동시대의 산업 사회, 특히 현대 유럽 사회에 기초한다. 1922년부터 1939년까지 발간된 크라이티 어리언을 통해, 엘리엇은 유럽이란 아이디어와 유럽 문화의 통일성을 동시대의 유기적 공동체가 실현될 수 있는 모델이라고 지속적이며 다양 하게 주장하였다. 그는 제1차 세계대전의 원인이었던 민족, 국민, 종교 라는 개념을 넘어서서 공통된 유럽의 전통에 근거한 유럽 문화의 통일 성을 추구해야 한다는 생각을 폴 발레리, 후고 폰 호프만스탈, 오르테가 이 가셋과 같은 당대의 유럽의 지식인들과 공유하였다. 그리고 그는 이 공통된 문화유산으로 통일된 문화를 가진 유럽 공동체를 재건하는데 많 은 노력을 기울였다.

This study aims to increase the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies than the conventional method and meet higher effluent water quality standards by co-culture with bacteria in activated sludge in the aeration tank. By the co-culture in mixotrophic conditions through metabolic characterization of Scenedesmus dimorphus and bacteria in the aeration activated sludge, assessed how the impact on the organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate. In addition, the study was to determine if it is possible to supply the oxygen necessary for the bacteria through the photosynthesis of algae without aeration. To test the synergistic effects of the co-culture, we compared co culture with S. dimorphus - only, Bacteria - only as a controls. In the co-culture condition inoculation ratio is based on the TSS concentration S. dimorphus and bacteria 1 : 5 (w / w), 5 : 5 (w / w) at a ratio. The growth rate of S. dimorphus - only condition was higher, which was 10 times and 2 times lower compared to B : A (5 : 1), B : A (5 : 5) respectively. Organic carbon removal rate of S. dimorphus - only condition was lower than other conditions, the remaining conditions were consumed at a similar rate. In the co-culture of Mixed bacteria and S. dimorphus, ammonium and phosphate removal rate has been high. But, nitrate removal rate showed a tendency to decrease compared to the Bacteria-only condition. When considering the Ammonium, nitrate and phosphate removal rate, N, P removal efficiency which is most excellent in terms of bacteria, such as S. dimorphus ratio (5 : 5) were co-cultured in the conditions. DO was maintained at 3 mg/L or more under all conditions. So, implying co-culture has the potential to decrease aeration costs.

Shading and soil environment are the main factors of growth and yield in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A.Meyer). Ginseng yield is directly related to survival rate because of increased missing plant for their growing period. Underfield conditions, diseases and pests significantly affect plant survival rate. We evaluated the seedling establishment, growthand ginsenoside of the ginseng plants, under controlled management conditions in a plastic greenhouse, when their treatedwith different types of organic matter. Ginseng seeds were sown at a rate of three seeds per hole, and the seeding space mea-sured 10㎝×15㎝. Compared to the control, treatment of cattle manure vermicompost (CMV) was shown to increaseseedling establishment and decrease ginsenoside content. Root weights of plants treated with CMV were higher than those ofplants treated with other types of organic matter. In addition, seedling establishment of 2-year-old ginseng plants wasdecreased when it was compared to that of 1-year-old ginseng plants. Our results indicated that organic matter type and ratewere associated with seedling establishment, growth characteristic and ginsenoside content in greenhouse of ginseng direct-sowing culture.