Confirmation of the thermal behavior of spent fuel is one of the important points in the management of high-level radioactive waste. This is because various fission products exist in spent nuclear fuel, and a management plan according to their behavior is required. Among the fission products, epsilon particles exist in the form of metal deposits and have a great influence on their physical and chemical properties. However, observing the thermal behavior of epsilon particles is important for understanding spent fuel behavior in thermally environment, but it is difficult to maintain a consistent thermal environment. In this work, we report the thermal behaviors study of uranium oxide with epsilon particle using in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction. We measured the variation of temperature on the size of crystalline, which is a cell parameter in the reaction process. And then, the change of lattice parameters is calculated by Rietveld refinement.

Composite materials offer distinct and unique properties that are not naturally inherited in the individual materials that make them. One of the most attractive composites to manufacture is the aluminum alloy matrix composite, because it usually combines easiness of availability, light weight, strength, and other favorable properties. In the current work, Powder Metallurgy Method (PMM) is used to prepare Al2024 matrix composites reinforced with different mixing ratios of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) particles. The tests performed on the composites include physical, mechanical, and tribological, as well as microstructure analysis via optical microscope. The results show that the experimental density slightly decreases while the porosity increases when the reinforcement ratio increases within the selected range of 0 ~ 20 wt%. Besides this, the yield strength, tensile strength, and Vickers hardness increase up to a 10 wt% Y2O3 ratio, after which they decline. Moreover, the wear results show that the composite follows the same paradigm for strength and hardness. It is concluded that this composite is ideal for application when higher strength is required from aluminum composites, as well as lighter weight up to certain values of Y2O3 ratio.

가교된 단분산 폴리스티렌 비드를 유화 중합과 분산 중합으로 합성하였다. 가교된 폴리스티렌 비드를 자일렌과 iron pentacarbonyl로 팽윤시킨 후 옥틸 에테르와 함께 환류하여 iron pentacarbonyl을 산화철로 변환시켰다. 산화철의 화학 안정성을 향상시키기 위해 산화철을 포함하는 폴리스티렌 비드를 실리카로 코팅하였다. 소결로 폴리스티렌 비드를 제거하여 산화철을 포함하는 중공 실리카 비드를 얻었다. 전체 합성 과정에서 모든 비드의 크기와 형태는 균일하게 유지되었고, 산화철을 포함하는 중공 실리카 입자는 강한 자성을 보였다.

In this study, an environment-friendly synthetic strategy to process zinc oxide nanocrystals is reported. The biosynthesis method used in this study is simple and cost-effective, with reduced solvent waste via the use of fruit peel extract as a natural ligation agent. The formation of ZnO nanocrystals using a rambutan peel extract was observed in this study. Rambutan peels has the ability to ligate zinc ions as a natural ligation agent, resulting in ZnO nanochain formation due to the presence of an extended polyphenolic system over the whole incubation period. Via transmission electron microscopy, successful formation of zinc oxide nanochains was confirmed. TEM observation revealed that the bioinspired ZnO nanocrystals were spherical and/or hexagonal particles with sizes between 50 and 100 nm.

Copper is an essential micronutrient whose deficiency is often seen to occur in humans. Although many biomedical studies have focused on the use of nanoparticles, the nutritional effects of nano-sized copper oxide particles are not well known. This aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional bioavailability of nano- and micro-sized copper oxide (CuO) particles in copper-deficient (CuD) mice. Copper deficiency was induced in mice by feeding a CuD diet (0.93 mg Cu/kg diet) for 7 weeks. After the induction of copper deficiency, nano- or micro-sized copper oxide particles were administered orally at two different doses (0.8 and 4.0 mg CuO/kg body weight) to mice in the following groups: (1) normal control (NC), (2) CuD, (3) low dose micro-sized CuO, (4) high dose micro-sized CuO, (5) low dose nano-sized CuO, and (6) high dose nano-sized CuO. The hepatic copper concentration in the CuD group was significantly lower than that in the NC group. Compared to the NC group, the CuD group exhibited lower serum ceruloplasmin (CP) activity and CP level. The copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase activity in the CuD group was significantly lower than that in the NC group. Treatment with nano- or micro-sized copper oxide particles for 2 weeks restored the hepatic copper levels and serum CP activities to values similar to those observed in the NC group. The CP levels and copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase activities in all the copper oxide treatment groups also recovered to normal values after 3 weeks of copper oxide treatment. These results show that oral administration of either nano- or micro-sized copper oxide particles for 2–3 weeks restored the normal condition in previously CuD mice.

A precipitation behavior of nano-oxide particle in Fe-5Y2O3 alloy powders is studied. The mechanically alloyed Fe-5Y2O3 powders are pressed at 750oC for 1h, 850oC for 1h and 1150oC for 1h, respectively. The results of Xray diffraction pattern analysis indicate that the Y2O3 diffraction peak disappear after mechanically alloying process, but Y2O3 and YFe2O4 complex oxide precipitates peak are observed in the powders pressed at 1150oC. The differential scanning calorimetry study results reveal that the formation of precipitates occur at around 1054oC. Based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis result, the oxide particles with a composition of Y-Fe-O are found in the Fe-5Y2O3 alloy powders pressed at 1150oC. It is thus conclude that the mechanically alloyed Fe-5Y2O3 powders have no precipitates and the oxide particles in the powders are formed by a high temperature heat-treatment

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are used in a various range, including ceramic manufacture, photocatalysis, UV filters, and the food industry. However, little is known about the effects of micro- and nano-particles during mouse embryo organogenesis. To determine whether ZnO affects size-dependent anomalies during embryonic organogenesis, mouse embryos were cultured for two days with 300 ug/ml micro ZnO (mZnO;80±25 μm) and nZnO (< 100 nm) and the developmental changes were then investigated. Quantity of Zn by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, and expression patterns of various antioxidant enzymes in the embryos were investigated. Embryos exposed to mZnO or nZnO exhibited severe retardation of growth and development. In embryos exposed to mZnO and nZnO, yolk sac diameter, crown-rump length, and head length were significantly diminished. The morphological parameters, including yolk sac circulation, allantois, flexion, heart, hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain, otic system, optic system, branchial bars, maxillary process, mandibular process, olfactory system, caudal neural tube, forelimb, hindlimb, and somites in mZnO and nZnO-treated groups were significantly decreased. Zn absorption of the nZnO-treated group was significantly higher than that of the mZnO-treated group. Significantly decreased levels of CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD, cGPx, and PHGPx mRNA were observed in the ZnO-treated group. In addition, antioxidant enzyme mRNA expressions of the nZnO group were significantly diminished, less than those of the mZnO treated group. These findings indicate that 300 ug/ml ZnO showed abnormality and nZnO may have a more severe effect than mZnO in developing embryos.

Nanoparticles of iron oxides have been prepared by the levitational gas condensation (LGC) method, and their structural and magnetic properties were studied by XRD, TEM and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Fe clusters were evaporated from a surface of the levitated liquid Fe droplet and then condensed into nanoparticles of iron oxide with particle size of 14 to 30 nm in a chamber filled with mixtures of Ar and gases. It was found that the phase transition from both - and -Fe to , which was evaluated from the results of Mossbauer spectra, strongly depended on the flow rate. As a result, - was synthesized under the flow rate of 0.1(Vmin)0.15, whereas was synthesized under the , flow rate of 0.15(Vmin)0.2.

Background : Panos extract is a mixture of four Panax plant extracts namely Dendropanax morbifera, Panax ginseng, Acanthopanax senticosus and Kalopanax septemlobus. We intended to use Panos extract for ZnO nanoparticles(NPs) synthesis and application for waste water treatment. Methods and Results : In the present study, we have synthesized Panos ZnO nanoparticles via co precipitation method. Characterization of the NPs has been done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. An average of 75% efficacy in degrading the methylene blue dye has been observed. The nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Conclusion : The results shows that Panos ZnO NPs can be a potential eco-friendly and economical tool for waste water management in the current scenario where there an intense urge to remediate the polluted environment through novel approaches such as Nanobiotechnology.