This study examines Korean–Turkish hortatives using a quasi-spoken parallel corpus and proposes a three-stage instructional model. From 20 K-dramas, 457 hortative–response pairs were extracted through a three-step protocol. In Korean, indirect strategies (77.7%) outweighed direct forms (22.3%). In translation, however, many indirect Korean hortatives were rendered as direct forms in Turkish, indicating speech-act clarification and a typological asymmetry between the languages. A chi-square test showed that speaker gender significantly influenced t he K orean choice o f hortative type ( χ² =14.21, p < .01), whereas this effect was largely neutralized in the Turkish renderings. Differences also emerged in refusal sequences: avoidance and silence in Korean tended to be translated as explicit refusals in Turkish. On this b asis, the p aper a dvances a n Awareness–Analysis–Application model that sequences corpus-based noticing, guided contrastive analysis, and discourse-level tasks. The model aims to move beyond grammar- centered instruction and to strengthen learners’ pragmatic competence in authentic interaction, with adaptable materials for tertiary-level Korean programs for Turkish-speaking learners.

This paper reviews existing research on Critical Language Awareness (CLA) and argues that, despite its relevance to linguistic justice and democratic citizenship, CLA research and pedagogy remain underdeveloped in the Korean educational context. Drawing on sociolinguistics, critical discourse analysis, and other related fields, it explores potential directions for integrating CLA into language education in thematic areas: linguistic forms and functions, language as a social practice, semiotic landscapes, multilingual hierarchies, and narrative identities. Rather than presenting empirical findings, this study offers an exploratory framework intended to stimulate scholarly and pedagogical dialogue on CLA in Korea, emphasizing its role in enabling learners to critically examine dominant language ideologies, recognize sociopolitical dimensions of language use, and reflect on their linguistic identities.

This study explores the pedagogical opportunities and instructional practices that emerge when elementary preservice teachers design science lessons using generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). Drawing on Chiu’s (2024) fourdomain model—Learning, Teaching, Assessment, and Administration—ten third-year pre-service teachers in South Korea participated in a four-week workshop using ChatGPT to design and refine Earth Science lessons aligned with the national curriculum. The participants documented their lesson planning, AI interactions, and reflections, producing qualitative data that were analyzed thematically. Findings show that participants identified various educational possibilities: GenAI supported idea generation and inquiry scaffolding (Learning), helped structure student-centered strategies (Teaching), improved formative assessments and clarified misconceptions (Assessment), and assisted with lesson preparation and time management (Administration). These possibilities translate into specific pedagogical practices, including revising teachercentered approaches to inquiry-based learning, developing scaffolded materials suited to students’ cognitive levels, and reflecting on their evolving roles as science educators. This study suggests that GenAI can act not merely as a tool but also as a catalyst for pedagogical reflection and professional growth. This highlights the need for teacher education programs to foster critical pedagogical reasoning and ethical AI literacy to ensure thoughtful and responsible use of GenAI in science classrooms.

This paper aims to analyze the cognitive-semantic properties of Greek preverbs derived from ancient Greek prepositions and proposes a vocabulary teaching method utilizing them. Vocabulary acquisition plays a crucial role in foreign language learning, yet traditional methods often rely on simple interpretation or context-based understanding, leaving learners to fill in knowledge gaps independently through dictionary use. In this study, a method for mastering preverbs derived from ancient Greek prepositions to enhance modern Greek vocabulary is presented. These morphemes, evolved from ancient Greek prepositions into modern Greek preverbs, are paired with various verbs, primarily those with spatial connotations. The focus centers on 15 preverbs: anti-, apo-, dia-, eis-, en-, epi-, kata-, meta-, para-, peri-, pro-, pros-, syn-, yper-, and ypo-. The usage of these preverbs in vocabulary construction is analyzed, and they are employed for instructional purposes. Each preverb’s semantic domain is delineated, accompanied by a schematic representation to aid learners in conceptualization by establishing a central meaning. By engaging in conceptualization, learners can grasp preverb meanings, comprehend new vocabulary utilizing these preverbs, and progressively expand their vocabulary to encompass peripheral meanings associated with each preverb.

This study investigated primary teachers’ knowledge of pronunciation instruction, and its manifestation in classroom practices in Korean EFL contexts. To this end, the questionnaire data collected from 47 teachers were quantitatively analyzed. The emerging themes from 5 teachers’ interviews were qualitatively analyzed, based on content analysis. Findings revealed that they had an appropriate knowledge base of pronunciation teaching, equipped with the better understanding of content knowledge (CK), followed by pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), and technical pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). No statistically significant difference was found in teachers’ knowledge between males and females, and also between the 4 groups with different teaching experience. They manifested their knowledge mainly acquired from the past course lectures into classroom practices, employing controlled and free practices such as listening and repeating, shadowing, songs, chants, games, and role play, including different types of corrective feedback. Most notably, they integrated role play effectively into classroom practices to improve young learners’ pronunciation in interestprovoking and enjoyable ways.

본 연구는 보육교사가 지각하는 직무만족, 교육신념, 조직몰입, 역할수행에 대한 인식을 바탕으로 직업적합도와 근무 기관유형에 따른 차이를 알아보고, 주요변수들 간의 구조적 관계를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 통해 보육교사 가 자신의 역할수행을 원활하게 수행함으로써 영·유아교육기관이 교육서비스의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색해보 고자 하였다. 이를 위해 보육교사 339명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0과 AMOS 26.0 프로그램을 활용하여 수집된 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보육교사가 지각하는 직무만 족, 교육신념, 조직몰입의 수준은 보통이었고, 역할수행은 보통 이상으로 나타났다. 둘째, 보육교사는 직업적합도가 높을 수록 직무만족, 교육신념, 조직몰입, 역할수행에 대한 인식이 높았고, 보육교사가 국·공립어린이집에 근무하는 경우, 민간 어린이집 또는 가정어린이집에 근무하는 보육교사보다 직무만족, 조직몰입(정서적몰입), 역할수행에 대한 인식이 높았다. 셋째, 보육교사의 직무만족은 교육신념과 조직몰입에, 교육신념은 역할수행에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 반면, 직무만족과 조직몰입은 역할수행에, 교육신념은 조직몰입에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 보육교사의 직무만 족이 역할수행에 미치는 영향에서 교육신념은 매개효과가 존재하나, 조직몰입은 매개효과가 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타 났다. 영·유아교육기관의 교육서비스 질을 향상시키기 위해서는 보육교사의 근무환경이 국·공립어린이집 수준으로 개선 되어야 하고, 이를 통해 보육교사의 직무만족과 조직몰입의 수준을 높이는 방안이 마련되어야 하며, 보육교사의 교육신 념을 제고시키기 위한 교육이 필요하다.

The goal of this study was to examine the PCK required for science teachers and PCK required for university teacher educators in terms of school science knowledge, science teaching and learning, and the role of science educators, which are the main axes of science education in future schools, and to explore the relationship between them. This study is a follow-up to a previous stage of research that explored the prospects for changes in schools in the future (2040-2050) in terms of school knowledge, educational methods, and teacher roles. Based on in-depth interviews, qualitative and semantic network analyses were conducted to derive and compare the characteristics of PCK and PCK. As for the main research results, science teacher PCK in future schools should include expertise in organizing science classes centered on convergence topics, expertise in digital platforms and ICT use, and expertise in building a network of learning communities and resources, as part of the expertise of human teachers differentiated from AI. Teacher educators' PCK includes expertise in the research and development of T-L methods using AI, expertise in the knowledge construction process and practice, and expertise in developing preservice teachers’ research competencies. Discussed in the conclusion is the change in teacher PCK and teacher educator PCK with changes in science knowledge, such as convergence-type knowledge and cognition-value integrated knowledge; and the need to emphasize values, attitudes, and ethical judgments for the coexistence of humans and non-humans as school science knowledge in the post-humanism future society.

The purpose of this study is to suggest effective online pedagogical strategies for a fashion design CAD course to enhance student learning and satisfaction. The study investigated student experience of online learning and compared online learning with a face-to-face learning experience. Student concentration, participation, perceptions of effectiveness of teaching, utilization of learning materials, and satisfaction were analyzed using a 5-point Likert scale. Advantages and disadvantages of online learning as well as advantages of face-to-face learning were also analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Student concentration, participation, and perception of effectiveness of teaching were greater for face-to-face learning with significantly higher concentration on individual practice. Students utilized video recording of synchronous online lectures more actively than PDF lecture notes. The advantages of face-to-face learning were plentiful communication and feedback and easy questioning process as well as high levels of understanding and concentration. Meanwhile, major disadvantages of online learning were the speed of the lecture, lower levels of understanding and concentration, limited peer interaction, and technical problems. Major advantages of online learning were flexibility and convenience, repetitive learning through videos, and instant communication and feedback. Students preferred a blended learning approach for the fashion design CAD course. For effective online learning, it is suggested that instructors frequently question and check student practice through screen share in a private online meeting room and engage activities that are demanding of student interaction. The video recording of synchronous online lectures is also suggested as a supplemental learning material for repetitive learning.

한문 문언문 교육은 서구에서 독립된 교과로 개설되어 있는가? 아니면 고급 중국어로서 언어 교육의 일환으로 시행되고 있는가? “고립어”의 특징을 가진 한문 문언문을 전혀 다른 언어전통을 가진 독자들은 어떤 시각으로 이해하고 있을까? 본 논문은 구미의 고등교육에서 한문교육이 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지를 탐구하였다. 다양한 학습경험을 가진 10인의 신진연구자를 인터뷰하여 실증적인 방법으로 북미와 호주, 그리고 유럽의 한문 교육 동향을 파악하였다. 나아가 각각의 뚜렷한 특성 을 가진 교재 3종을 선정하여 편집자의 철학과 한문 분석 방법론, 수록 작품 등을 분석하였다. 한자 문화권 밖 타자의 시선을 통해 더욱 선명히 드러나는 한문의 언어적 역사적 다층성과 텍스트 전통을 주목하면서, “낯설게하기” 방법론을 차용하여 향후 한국의 교육교재 개발에 응용할 수 있는 가능성도 제시해 보았다.

This study analyzes the research trends of PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge) in Korean English classes from 2005 to 2019 across ten journal articles, two master’s theses, two doctoral dissertations, and five research reports. This was intended to provide hints for the future direction of English PCK studies. Six criteria—subject-matter knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, learner knowledge, curriculum knowledge, social context knowledge, and action research knowledge— have been applied to the analysis of the selected English PCK studies. The findings are as follows. Study on the subject-matter knowledge was the most frequent, appearing in 15 studies, mainly dealing with linguistic knowledge. In the field of pedagogical knowledge, studies on class design were most common, and in the field of learner knowledge, learner background and learner characteristics were equally studied. In the social context knowledge field, there were relatively few studies on parents, and in the field of action research knowledge, the number of studies corresponding to three sub-factors was the same. Our study concludes that to systematize the study of PCK for teacher professionalism in the subject matter of English, English PCK education should be done in both pre-service and in-service institutions and that PCK research environments should be provided to this end.

Literature has been repeatedly recognized as an effective source of authentic materials in EFL classrooms. Literature exposes learners to coherent and expert writing which can enable them to write better and facilitates students’ creative writing skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the teaching procedures of using short fiction in a Korean high school EFL course in which English writing and reading skills are integrated and to provide pedagogical suggestions for using authentic literature in EFL classrooms. First, this paper introduces a theoretical discussion of the advantages of using short fiction in an English writing instruction, and discusses reasons for selecting the Korean short novel Dongbackkot and the English short story “Araby” as resources for writing. After that pedagogical steps with practical classroom activities are described. We hope that the pedagogical suggestions provided here may inspire English teachers to design their teaching materials using appropriate literary texts to improve their students’ English essay writing and balanced communication skills.

This study explores how experiential knowledge (EK) and received knowledge (RK) are integrated in pre-service language teachers’ written reflections to solve pedagogical problems, adopting constantcomparative analysis method outside of Grounded Theory. For this end, forty-one entries of reflective journals, written for problem solving by seven pre-service English teachers in Korea, were collected in a course entitled ‘English Language Teaching Theory into Practice’. One month after the course ended, each entry was re-reflected by the participants to identify whether it inclucded their EK and RK. All the statements in each entry, which had been reported to include EK or RK explicitly or implicitly, were repeatedly read until themes related to problem solution emerged. The results show that EK and RK can be significant resources in the practice of reflection for problem solving. However, the results also indicate the difference: EK is more applicable for the statements of a basis of problem determination or of a cause of a problem while RK is more employed to state a solution to a problem. Implications of this study were presented and discussed.

The purpose of this research is to investigate characteristics of science content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge shown in the primary school science classes. Through analysis of classroom teaching, explore the features and differences between primary and secondary school science PCK. Using open-ended interviews with the teachers and group discussions on a regular basis to analyze and compare classes of five primary school teachers, the relationship between CK and PCK. Regardless of the school level the teacher's PCK and professionalism is required with varying focus and emphasis. The features of the primary school teacher's PCK are as follows: Firstly, elementary teach secondary teach content, teachers value pedagogical knowledge (PK) content knowledge (CK). The primary school PCK requires more of understanding of students and teaching methods that to subject areas. PCK be without content knowledge, and the teacher's PCK is subject-specific In addition to the characteristics of PCK in the primary school science teaching, ways to set up professional exchange or collaboration between primary and secondary teachers, and to provide supplementary in-service training focused on content knowledge for primary school teachers.

The study examines interactional practices for initiating topic in naturally occurring conversation using Conversation Analysis (Button & Casey, 1984, 1985, 1988-1989 to name a few) as a methodological tool. The data of the current study is comprised of 14 hours of conversation-for-learning (Kasper & Kim, 2015) data between one American graduate student and two Korean adolescent ESL learners. It is longitudinal data where the participants have met every two weeks over the period of nine months. Between the two typical sequential environments where topic shift occurs, the current study focuses on boundaried topical movement as opposed to stepwise topical movement. The study first presents a range of practices used to initiate topic at topic-bounding sequential environments as reported in L1 English speaker conversation, including topic initial elicitors, itemized news inquiry and news announcement. Then, the study shows how participants’ relative knowledge and estimated right to the knowledge of the news/topic significantly figure in the design of topic initiation. Lastly, the study provides a developmental picture of the focal L2 learner’s topic initiating practice along the timeline and concludes with some pedagogical implications.

Le présent article a pour but de montrer l’intérêt d’un cours de français débutant en anglais à l’intention des étudiants coréens d’un point de vue théorique, et de présenter les moyens concrets pour mener ce cours. La théorie de base sur laquelle il s’appuie est le transfert positif entre les langues typologiquement proches. On peut bien comprendre le besoin de ce cours en réfléchissant au système éducatif en Corée où l’anglais est enseigné dès l’école primaire et est perçu comme une matière très importante jusqu’à l’université par les étudiants. Ce cours suppose qu’un apprentissage plus efficace du français peut passer par l’utilisation de l’anglais, comme langue d’enseignement, plus proche du français que du coréen au niveau typologique, et ainsi censé être plus propice à initier l’apprenant aux spécificités du français. D’abord, il est important que les enseignants structurent chaque cours de telle manière que les élèves anticipent son déroulement. De plus, il est important que les enseignants aient une attitude positive et une bonne compétence en anglais oral, y compris l’anglais de classe. Au niveau universitaire, les enseignants auront besoin de lieu d’échange et de soutien pour partager les idées sur ce cours et sur la mise en oeuvre du manuel approprié à ce type de cours. Dans ces efforts, on peut aussi offrir des ateliers d’anglais régulièrement non seulement pour les enseignants mais aussi pour les élèves.

Education and Game are the main keyword for the future society. Many countries are taking notice of these to improve the competitive power of their countries. Educational Game is not Education for Game but Game for Education. By the way, there are many definitions for the Educational Game and many discourse about the relations between Education and Game. It is necessary and meaningful to discourse about setting of relations between Education and Game in this point of the time. Generally, some former studies are focused on functions of Education using Game but this study tried to back to the basic with discoursing about the definition of Education and Game itself. Finally, this study drove the definition of Pedagogical from discourses among Education, Game and Educational Game. Educational Games are going to be developed plenty but we get some problems for adjusting the balance between the goal for the Game and the goal for the Education or blending game elements for the fun with cognitive knowledges which are learned during game play. Pedagogical Game can give some suggestions to solve these kind of problems or to make you back to the basic discourse between Education and Game.

본 연구는 수준 높은 발레교육을 펼치기 위해 발레교육자는 어떠한 능력을 갖추어야 하는지 살펴보기 위한 기초 단계로 기존 발레교육자 양성과정에 나타난 전문성 개념을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 그동안 발레교육자의 전문성은 구체적이고 체계적인 형태로 정립되지는 않았 다. 이 때문에 오랜 시간 발레를 전공하고 무용수로 활동하거나 대학 및 대학원에서 수학한 전 문 발레인들이 교육자로서 필요한 교육을 제공받지 못했으며, 협회 및 주요 교육기관에서의 발 레교수법, 자격과정 이수를 통해 경력을 쌓아갔다. 본 연구에서는 현실적으로 발레를 전공한 학 생들이 발레무용수로 기량을 갖추는 과정 역시 발레교육자로서 성장하는 과정의 일부로 간주하 고 국내외 발레교육자 양성과정을 조사하였다. 구체적으로 이상적 사례선택의 방법으로 선정된 국내외 발레교육자 양성과정은 국외 발레학교 교육과정, 발레교수법, 자격과정, 국내 예술중·고 등학교, 대학교 교육과정, 자격과정의 내용분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 발레교육자만을 위한 특 화된 교육은 매우 부족했으며, 발레교육자의 전문성 개념이나 요소들을 중심으로 교육하고 자격 을 수여하는 사례 또한 드물다는 점을 파악하였다. 국내외 양성과정 분석을 통해 나타난 전문성 요소는 발레지식, 발레교수지식, 발레소양이었으며, 이를 바탕으로 발레교육자의 전문성은 발레 를 기능적, 예술적으로 이해하고 가르치기 위해 발레교육자가 갖추어야 할 지식, 기능, 태도적 측면의 능력으로 개념화할 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 발레교육 및 발레교육 자와 관련한 후속연구를 제시하였다.

In this article, we have examined the studies on the reading competence in the context of French as a foreign language. The goal of this study originated from the observation that the pedagogy in Korea focuses on the linguistic and socio-cultural competences of learners. However, this teaching method would not adequately enable learners to read efficiently, nor to become autonomous readers in French. In order to better understand the reading competence, we have proposed to consider the text in which reading activities take place as a semiotic and linguistic object and as a discourse. We have adopted the "l'ordre du scriptural" and the "l'aire scripturale" according to the theory of J. Peytard. From this perspective, we have examined a text used in the reading comprehension part of DELF, level B1. Our study indicates that reading activity is the communication between the writer and the reader, and requires the reading competence, which the communicative competence of which all components also involved. Thus, we have proposed that it is necessary to teach reading in terms of characteristics of the text which concerns the "l'ordre du scriptural" according to M. Dabène.

This study aims to describe the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and teaching performance of junior secondary language teachers based on the tests administered during the teacher certification program, and identify the correlation between both variables. It involved 124 junior secondary school teachers, consisting of 70 Indonesian language teachers and 54 English language teachers, from various schools in West Java Province, Indonesia. To organize research procedures, this study adopted a descriptive method used to describe the characteristics of teachers who participated in the teacher participation program, their current pedagogical content knowledge and teaching performance based on the test results. Findings show that PCK has a strong correlation with teaching performance. However, other factors such as employment status, academic qualification, and age have significant effects on the mastery of those two main variables. A further study should be conducted to gauge more sound findings.