A series of high capacity soft carbons with different phosphorus contents were successfully prepared by carbonizing petroleum cokes treated with hypophosphorous acid at 900˚C. The effect of phosphorus content on the electrochemical performance of the soft carbons was extensively investigated. The P-doped soft carbons exhibited greatly enhanced discharge capacities and outstanding rate capabilities with increasing phosphorus content. In addition, the influence of temperature on the electrochemical behaviors of the soft carbons was investigated in a wide temperature range of 25˚C to 50˚C. Surprisingly, the electrochemical properties of the pristine and P-doped soft carbons were highly sensitive to the operating temperature, unlike conventional graphite. The pristine and P-doped soft carbons exhibited significantly high discharge capacities of 470 and 522 mAh/g, respectively, at a high temperature of 50˚C.

To examine the effects of residual phosphorus content on color reversion and storage stability of corn germ oil, the changes of Lovibond total color and stability of oxidation were determined according to the different storage periods at room and incubating temperature, respectively. The residual phosphorus content and storage temperature had the synergistic effect on color reversion during short time storage. The extent of color change was the greatest when oils were stored for 1.0-1.5 years at room temperature and thereafter gradually tended to reverse color reversion. It is supposed that the double bonds of carotenoids in oils were oxidized and then turned to the volatiles such as epoxide, ionone, and etc. In contrast, the residual phosphorus content increased oxidation stability of oils. The residual phosphorus content was closely correlated with the color reversion and storage stability, respectively.

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) contents from hanwoo manure using probiotics to feed and manure additives during 5 weeks. A total of 45 hanwoo(24 months old) with averaging 580±20 kg in weight were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 3 replicates per treatment(5 hanwoo per pen, 5 x 8 m). The treatment were supplemented, control, T1(10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate(2% probiotics as-fed basis)), and T2(10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate(2% probiotics as-fed basis) + 7 kg probiotics on the surface of hanwoo manure (top-dressing)). During the experimental period, there were statistically significant differences(P<0.05) in pH values at 3 and 5 weeks; TN contents at 5 weeks; and SRP contents at 5 weeks in all treatments. Adding probiotics to feed or feed and manure increased manure pH in comparison with controls. As time increased, changes in TN contents decreased in the order: T2 > Control > T1. Especially, the reduction in SRP contents in all treatments at 5 weeks was in following order: T1 > T2 > Control. This result suggests that it is possible to make efficient use of probiotics as feed and manure additives for reducing environmental pollution or to provide fundamental information on livestock managements to producers.

Available phosphorus(P2O5) in conventionally cultivated soil was more abundant in two fold than that of organically cultivated soil. Relative density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) was higher in organically cultivated soil, That of welsh onion cultivated soil was the highest, that of strawberry was followed and then that of pepper, respectively. Relative density of AMF was inversely proportioned to available soil phosphorus. Phosphorus content of crop and relative density of AMF were more abundant in organically cultivated crop or soil. However available soil phosphorus content was much in conventionally cultivated soil. The phosphorus contents between soil and crop were negatively correlated. The phosphorus content of crop was increased as the relative density of AMF increased. Relative density of AMF in the organically cultivated soil and phosphorus content of the crop with organic cultivation were higher than those of conventionally cultivated.

Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient playing important roles in many plant processes. Significant interest has been devoted to search and utilize genotypic variations in P use efficiency in rice but with little effort to understand its physiological and biochemical bases. In this study, we examined responses to P deprivation of some primary and secondary traits in 3-week-old seedlings of the three genotypes, Sobi-byeo (japonica), Dasan-byeo (japonica ~times indica) and Palawan (indica). In general, percent weight due to root was increased up to 26%, but amounts of root protein and proteins secreted from roots were decreased by 11 to 19% and 31 to 51 %, respectively, by 3 to 21 days of P deprivation in the three genotypes. Interestingly, however, responses of Palawan to short-term P deprivation were contrasting to those of Dasan-byeo and Sobi-byeo in seedling weight and contents of shoot protein, chlorophyll and anthocyanin. Seedling weight was not decreased, but shoot protein content was decreased in P-deprived seedlings of Palawan. Contents of chlorophyll in leaves and anthocynin in roots were increased in Dasan-byeo and Sobi-byeo, but decreased in Palawan. The results suggest that responses of protein and pigment synthesis to P deficiency are different in modem and traditional varieties and the difference may at least in part be due to the selection for high yield under highly fertilized conditions.

질소, 인산 및 가리비료 시용량에 따른 단백질함량의 변이를 추구하여 고단백계통육성시 선발효율을 높이고저 계통포장에서 질소시용량을 달리한 경우와 저단백 및 고단백계통을 삼요소영년비료시험구와 인산 및 가리시용량을 달리한 포장에 재배하여 현미내 단백질함량변이를 검토하였다. 1. 질소시용량을 증가시켜 줌에 따라서 현미내 단백질함량은 거의 직선적으로 증가하였으나 계통에 따라 변이양상의 차이가 있었다. 2. 계통간단백질함량의 변이는 질소시용량을 증가시킴에 따라 커졌고 저단백계통군에 비하여 고단백계통군의 질소시용량에 따른 변이가 더 컸다. 3. 질소비료시용량에 따른 단백질함량의 변이양상이 계통간에 차이가 큰 것을 고려하여 전계통중20% 정도의 고단백계통을 선발하면 유전적으로 단백질함량이 높은 계통을 안전하게 선발할 수 있다. 4. 실제 논 토양에서 비료의 삼요소중 단백질함량에 가장 크게 영향을 주는 것은 질소성분이며 인산 및 가리비료의 영향은 아주 적었다. 5. 인산 및 가리비료 시용량에 따른 단백질함량의 변이는 극히 적었다. 따라서 고단백계통선발시 인산 및 가리비료에 의한 환경변이는 고려하지 않아도 좋을 것이다.