꼬리말발도리(Deutzia paniculata Nakai)와 가침박달 (Exochorda serratifolia S.Moore)은 각각 5~6월과 4~5월에 흰색 꽃이 피는 화목관목으로 한국의 희귀식물이며, 관상가치가 높아 원예용으로 개발할 가치가 있다. 본 연구에서는 꼬리말발 도리와 가침박달의 종자를 이용한 번식체계를 확립하고자 플러 그 육묘에서 플러그 트레이의 셀 크기, 배지조성, 시비수준에 따른 유묘의 생육을 조사하였다. 꼬리말발도리는 플러그 트레이 의 셀 크기가 작아질수록 유묘의 생육이 불량하였고, 105구의 셀 크기에서 초장, 엽장과 엽폭, 줄기와 뿌리의 생체중 등 생육 이 가장 양호하였다. 또한 배지의 조성은 피트모스와 펄라이트 를 20:80로 혼합한 처리에서 줄기와 뿌리의 생육이 가장 우수하 였고, 펄라이트 단용인 0:100 처리에서 유묘의 생육이 가장 불 량하였다. 가침박달은 피트모스와 펄라이트를 100:0과 75:25 로 혼합한 배지에서 유묘의 생육이 가장 좋았고, 펄라이트 단 용인 0:100 배지에서 유묘의 줄기뿐만 아니라 뿌리의 생육 도 가장 불량하였다. 그리고, 육묘 기간동안 시비수준이 증가 함에 따라 유묘의 줄기 생육이 양호하였으며, 엽록소의 함량도 증가하였다. 따라서 가침박달은 플러그 트레이 당 Hyponex (N:P:K=20:20:20) 6.24.g을 관주하는 것이 고품질 묘를 생산 하는데 가장 효과적이었다. 따라서 꼬리말발도리는 105공 플러 그 트레이에 피트모스와 펄라이트의 20:80 비율의 배지를 사용 하는 것이, 가침박달은 피트모스와 펄라이트의 100:0과 75:25 비율의 배지에서 육묘기간동안 Hyponex 6.24g를 시비하는 것이 유묘 생육에 가장 적합하였다.

이 연구는 인공지능(AI)이 문화콘텐츠와 미디어 산업에 미치는 영향을 다각적으로 분석하고, AI의 창의 적 생산, 미디어 소비 변화, 윤리적·사회적 쟁점에 대해 논의하였다. 그리고 AI가 콘텐츠 제작에서 창의성과 효율성을 높이며, 창작자와의 협력을 통해 새로운 형태의 콘텐츠 창출을 가능하게 한다는 점을 확인하였다. 또한 AI 기반 추천 시스템을 통해 개인화된 미디어 소비 경험이 제공됨으로써 사용자 만족도와 소비 지속 성이 강화된다는 사실을 밝혔다. 그러나 AI 도입은 저작권 문제, 알고리즘 편향성, 문화적 다양성 보존, 사회적 고용 변화 등 다양한 윤리적·사회적 과제도 야기하고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 법적, 기술적, 정책 적 접근이 필요하며, AI의 투명성과 공정성을 확보하는 것이 필수적임을 강조하였다. AI와 인간이 협력하 여 공정하고 신뢰할 수 있는 콘텐츠 제작을 지향할 때, AI는 문화콘텐츠와 미디어 산업의 발전에 이바지할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 AI와 문화산업의 융합을 둘러싼 다양한 이슈를 종합적으로 검토함으로써 향후 지속 가능한 발전을 위한 방향성을 제시하고자 한다.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different red seaweeds on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and methane gas production. Five species of red seaweed (Chrysymenia wrughtii Yamada, CW; Hypnea sp., Hypnea sp.; Chondria crassicaulis, CC; Gelidium vagum Okamurae, GV; Hypnea saidana Holmes, HS) were obtained from National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) in South Korea. The collected red seaweeds were washed for 3 minutes, and then samples were freeze-dried and ground to a size of a 1 millimeter. The buffered ruminal fluid (50 mL) was incubated with substrates and seaweeds (5% of substrates) at 39℃ for 48 hours. Total gas production was lower than red seaweed treatments excluding the CW treatment (p<0.05; 63.25 mL). Methane production was the lowest in CC treatment (p<0.05; 9.93 mL/g of digestible dry matter). The rumen pH of the red seaweed treatments ranged from 5.98 to 6.08, which was significantly the lowest in the GV treatment (p<0.05; 5.98). There was no significant difference in the total VFA concentration, but propionate (27.53%) was significantly highest in the CW treatment, whereas acetate (53.14%), iso-valerate (3.52%), valerate (1.72%), and A:P ratio (1.93) were significantly lowest (p<0.05). In conclusion, among the five species of red seaweeds, Chondria crassicaulis reduced in vitro methane production without negative effects on dry matter digestibility. Future studies will be needed to determine the optimal inclusion level of Chondria crassicaulis as feed additive to reduce enteric methane production.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of various washing pre-treatments of native Codium fragile as a feed additive on in vitro ruminal fermentation and CH4 production in ruminants. Seaweed was included at 0.5% dry matter (DM) based on the experimental feed (forage : concentrate = 3:7). Treatment groups were classified as follows: experimental feed (C), no washing (T1), washing at 0°C (T2), washing at 22°C (T3) and washing at 70°C (T4) each immersed for 6 minutes in distilled water. The pH consistently fell within the ruminal stability range. In vitro dry matter digestibility was significantly highest in T2, T3, T4 and C, T4 was the lowest at 48 h (p<0.05). NH3-N concentration was significantly highest in T4 at 48 h (p<0.05). Total gas production at 48 h was 19% lower in T4 compared to C (p<0.01). CH4 production (mL/g DM) at 48 h was lower in all treatment groups compared to C, with T3 showing a 31% reduction (p<0.01). Similarly, CH4 production (mL/g dry matter degradability, DMD) at 48 h was 39% lower for T3 compared to C (p<0.01). At 24 h, total VFA was significantly highest in T1 and T4 (p<0.05). The proportions of acetate was significantly highest in C and T3 was the lowest at 48 h (p<0.01). The proportions of propionate was significantly highest in T3 and C was the lowest at 48 h (p<0.01). The acetate to propionate ratio was singnificantly highest in C at 48 h (p<0.01). The proportions of butyrate at 24 h was lower for T3 compared to C (p<0.05). Therefore, this study confirms that Codium fragile can reduce CH4 production when used as a feed additive for ruminants and this effect is not significantly influenced by the washing pre-treatment. However, if washing process is necessary, washing at 22°C is the most appropriate method to remove foreign objects.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the production function of the oliver flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) aquaculture industry, analyze its efficiency, and provide implications for sustainable aquaculture. For this purpose, the SFA model was utilized. The results of this study are as follows. First, the coefficient values of labor wages and farm area are higher than other inputs. This suggests that the Korean oliver flounder aquaculture industry is labor-intensive. Second, disease management is highly influenced by management efficiency. The more frequently farms are disinfected and culled, the higher the management efficiency with culling having a greater impact on management efficiency. Finally, the cost inputs of high and low-efficiency fish farms were analyzed, and it is recommended that wages, electricity, drugs, and oxygen should be kept at a reasonable level rather than excessive. However, the higher the inputs for mortality removal and disease management, the higher the management efficiency. In other words, improving the farm environment is the most important to achieve sustainability and management efficiency of Korean oliver flounder farming.

This study aimed to assess the global and domestic efforts regarding the reduction of environmental-impact-factor emissions in the production and construction processes of concrete pavements. By utilizing internationally commercialized programs, this study sought to calculate the environmental impact factors generated by specific domestic concrete-pavement projects and identify areas for improvement. This study evaluated the global and domestic efforts of environmental impact reduction by focusing on the production and construction of concrete pavements. This study calculated the environmental impact factors for five cases using internationally commercialized software. The analysis revealed that, during the production and construction of concrete pavements, Portland cement production is a dominant cause of global warming, smog, acidification, and non-carcinogenic factors, whereas aggregate production is a dominant cause of ozone depletion, eutrophication, carcinogenicity, respiratory issues, environmental toxicity, and fossil-fuel depletion. This study analyzed the environmental impact factors of material mix and process during concrete pavement production and construction using foreign life-cycle inventory (LCI) databases. The environmental impact of each input material was identified. In the future, if an LCI and life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) database for domestic road pavement materials is established and analyzed based on the conditions presented in this study, it is expected to lay the foundation for the development of environmentally friendly materials.

The economical manufacturing of high-quality graphene has been a significant challenge in its large-scale application. Previously, we used molten Sn and Cu as the heat-transfer agent to produce multilayer graphene on the surface of gas bubbles in a bubble column. However, element Sn and Cu have poor catalytic activity toward methane pyrolysis. To further improve the yield of graphene, we have added active Ni into Sn to construct a Sn–Ni alloy in this work. The results show that Sn–Ni alloy is much more active for methane pyrolysis, and thus more graphene is obtained. However, the graphene product is more defective and thicker because of the faster growth rate. By using 300 ml molten Sn–Ni alloy (70 mm height) and 500 sccm source gas ( CH4:Ar = 1:9), this approach produces graphene with a rate of 0.61 g/hr and a conversion rate of methane to carbon of 37.9% at 1250 ℃ and ambient pressure. The resulting graphene has an average atom layer number of 22, a crumpled structure and good electrical conductivity.

With the development of photocatalytic hydrogen production technology, the effective transport of photogenerated carrier electrons is still one of the main factors affecting the performance of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. In this work, graphdiyne was prepared by ball milling method. The CoMo-MOF with polyhedral structure was introduced into graphdiyne to construct S-scheme heterojunction to promote the efficient transfer of photogenerated carriers and enhanced hydrogen evolution activity. Graphdiyne is a new carbon material with adjustable band gap, which is synthesized from the hybrid of sp and sp2, and has excellent electrical conductivity. CoMo-MOF is a polyhedral structure that can provide more active sites and promote photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The weak point of poor conductivity in CoMo-MOF has been successfully improved by combining CoMo-MOF with graphdiyne, and the migration rate of photogenerated carriers has been accelerated. The hydrogen evolution property of graphdiyne/CoMo-MOF is 300 μmol, which is 19.61 times that of graphdiyne and 9.03 times that of CoMo-MOF. Therefore, the construction of S-scheme heterojunction provides a transport channel for electron transfer and improves the efficiency of photogenerated carrier separation. This work provides a new train of thought of design to introduce MOFs materials into carbon materials for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Analyzing and diagnosing the causes of abnormal conditions through control logic processes at the plant site is critically important. When a process is halted, the steps for cause analysis and corrective action vary depending on the operator's experience and the specific characteristics of the process. Since it's often not feasible to keep the process stopped for an extended period, issues are sometimes resolved by forcibly restarting the PLC(Programmable Logic Controller). However, this can lead to the recurrence of the same error, which may negatively impact process operations. In particular, oil sands development is an uncharted area with anticipated environmental challenges. In this regard, an integrated system between control systems in the oil sands production plant was established to implement control logic, develop the HMI(Human-Machine Interface), and verify the user interface. This allowed for a better understanding of the equipment's operability.

본 연구의 목적은 로봇 제작 프로그램이 초등 저학년의 사회성 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구 대상은 U시의 J교육원에서 또래관 계의 어려움을 경험하고 있는 초등학교 저학년을 대상으로 하였다. 아동 과 보호자의 동의를 받은 최종 20명을 실험집단 10명, 통제집단 10명으 로 구성하였다. 실험집단에게는 로봇 제작 프로그램을 주 2회(회기 당 60분) 총 12회기를 실시하였으며, 실험·통제집단 모두에게 프로그램 효 과성을 검증하기 위해 사회성 검사를 프로그램 전후로 실시하고, 프로그 램 종료 후 4주 뒤에 추후 검사를 통해 효과의 지속성을 확인하였다. 로 봇 제작 프로그램을 실시한 결과 실험집단의 사회성이 향상되었으며 프 로그램 종결 후에도 효과가 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 로봇 제 작 프로그램으로 아동의 사회성 향상을 위한 다양한 연구와 교육 현장과 보건복지부의 지원 사업 중 아동의 정서 및 심리의 문제를 해결할 수 있 는 프로그램으로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

방대한 빅데이터를 기반으로 발전한 인공지능 기술은 창작과 영상 예술, 인간의 고유 영역으로 여겨졌던 분야에 큰 영향을 미치기 시작했다. 전통적으로 선형적이었던 3D 애니메이션 제작 방식은 AI 이미지 생성 모델을 활용해 초기 기획, 컨셉 및 아이디어를 빠르게 비주얼화하고, 실시간 게임 엔진을 통해 실시간으로 수정 및 개선 작업을 반복하며 완성도를 높이는 비선형 적 방식으로 변화하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Stable Diffusion의 노드 기반 비주얼 스크립트인 ComfyUI를 활용한 사전 제작 과정과 iClone 및 언리얼 엔진을 통해 디지털 휴먼을 제작하고 구체화하는 일련의 파이프라인을 분석한다. 이를 통해 전통적인 파이프라인을 넘어서는 새로운 예술적 표현의 가능성을 모색한다.

We studied the effects of initial pH, different nitrogen sources, and cultivation methods (shake flask and static culture) on biomass production, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and adenosine by Paecilomyces tenuipes. Relatively low pH levels were optimal for mycelial growth and EPS production. Yeast extract was the most effective organic nitrogen source for EPS production, whereas soybean extract was the best for adenosine production. A high C/N ratio was beneficial for adenosine production; however, excessively high C/N ratios reduced adenosine production. Static fermentation significantly increased adenosine production. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize adenosine production; the optimal conditions for adenosine production by P. tenuipes were pH 7.0, soybean concentration of 3%, and a static culture period of 20 days, with the maximum adenosine production of 141.10 mg/L (predicted value: 128.05 mg/L).

본 연구는 디지털 영상 제작 프로세스에서 점점 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 생성형 AI의 발전과 그 영향을 탐구한다. GPT, GAN 및 기타 생성 알고리즘과 같은 모델의 개발에서 AI 기술의 급속한 발전으로 영상 제작 환경이 큰 변화를 겪고 있다. ChatGPT, Runway, DALL·E, MidJourney, SunoAI 등 생성형 AI 모델의 발전으로 영상 제작 단계에서 적용 가능성이 크게 확장되었다. 생성형 AI는 아이디어 기획에서부터 최종 편집 프로세스에 이르기까지 다양한 제 작 단계를 간소화할 수 있는 잠재력이 있다. 예를 들어, AI는 플롯 아이디어나 대화를 생성하 여 대본 작성을 지원할 수 있으며, 후반 작업에서는 시각 효과를 향상시키고, 사실적인 환경을 만들거나, 반복적인 편집 작업을 자동화할 수 있다. 또한, AI 기반의 사운드 디자인 도구는 영 상 분위기에 맞춘 음악과 사운드 효과를 자동으로 생성할 수 있다. 본 연구는 현재 사용되고 있는 생성형 AI 기술을 조사하고, 특히 런웨이 AI 영화제에서 소개된 사례들을 통해 그 장점 과 한계를 분석한다. 연구 결과, 생성형 AI는 영상 제작에 드는 시간과 비용을 획기적으로 줄 일 수 있는 잠재력을 지닌 반면, 저작권 문제와 딥페이크와 같은 기술적, 윤리적 문제는 신중 한 고려가 필요함을 제시한다. 향후 연구 과제는 AI와 인간의 예술적 창의성 간의 균형을 유 지하는 방법에 관한 것이다.

Among the different types of seaweed that are cultivated in Korea for food, Capsosiphon fulvescensis the filamentous green alga with the highest production value. However, its harvest yield varies significantly from year to year due to its dependence on the natural seeding method. The present study aimed to identify the conditions affecting the formation of cyst-zygotes that can be utilized as artificial seeds during the life cycle of C. fulvescens. Gametangia and zygotes of C. fulvescens were found to be highly developed at temperatures above 15°C, with a maximum gametangial development rate of about 35% observed after 7 days of culture. The formation of zygotes into cystzygotes was induced within 7 days in all temperature conditions, but after 30 days of culturing, cyst-zygotes germinated into filamentous thalli at temperatures above 20°C, while the most stable formation and stabilization were observed at 15°C. Cystzygotes formed at 15°C showed high growth when they were transferred to 25°C conditions, and zoospores matured inside the cells. The production of cyst-zygotes was mostly influenced by temperature, and a gradual increase in temperature was found to be necessary for the formation and growth of cyst-zygotes. The culture conditions facilitating the formation of cyst-zygotes reported in this study can be useful for the production of artificial seeds and breeding technology for the effective cultivation of seaweed.

The global coffee market has undergone several structural changes with power shifting from the International Coffee Agreement and its member countries to international coffee traders, multinational coffee corporations, and ultimately end-consumers. Despite these changes, the chronic issue of income disparity between coffee-producing and coffee-consuming countries remains entrenched. Although various international organizations and individual companies have initiated diverse sustainability movements, these efforts have shown limitations. In this context, it is essential to identify and analyze successful examples of prioritizing the development of marginalized tribal coffee producers and their community in the process of globalization. It is also essential to generalize factors contributing to their success. This study aimed to analyze the Araku Coffee Project led by the Naandi Foundation in India through lens of the cultural-political economy of the Global Production Networks (GPN). The Naandi Foundation rooted in the philosophy of sustainability has worked to enlighten the indigenous people of the Araku region while cooperating and building trust with smallholder farmers, cooperative, European carbon-fund, and international buyers. During this process, not only a platform of international coffee sales but a regional coffee festival called ‘Gems of Araku’ was initiated while marketing efforts using the name of ‘Araku’ were made. At the same time, organizational strategies of the global production network were put into practice. As a result, coffee production showed both quantitative and qualitative growths, leading to an improvement in the quality of life for the indigenous people.

본 연구는 헬스케어 식물 생산단지의 친환경 설계 및 운영을 위해 우선적으로 고려해야 할 주요영역과 세부요소를 도출하고자 하였다. 헬스케어 식물 생산단지는 환경 친화적 식물 생산시설과 이용자의 정 신 및 신체적 건강 도모 시설을 포함한 복합 엔터테인먼트형이자 지속 가능한 식물 상업시설로 정의된 다. 이를 위해 AHP기법을 활용하여 전문가들을 대상으로 다섯 가지 주요영역(토지, 물, 서식지, 탄소/에 너지/대기환경, 재료/폐기물)과 세부요소에 대한 중요도를 평가하였다. 또한 농장 운영자를 대상으로 친환경 시설의 중요성을 조사하여 시설형과 농장형 유형에 적합한 우선순위를 도출하였다. 연구결과 물 관리가 가장 중요한 요소로 평가되었으며, 토지 관리와 탄소/에너지/대기환경 관리도 높은 중요성을 보였다. 반면 서식지 관리와 재료/폐기물 관리는 상대적으로 낮은 평가를 받았다. 또한 시설형, 농장형, 혼합형으로 유형화된 식물 생산단지 유형별 분석에서는 중요도 평가결과가 다르게 나타났으며, 전문 가와 운영자 간의 평가 차이를 통해 이론과 실무자적 관점의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 헬스케어 식물 생산단지의 맞춤형 친환경 설계 전략수립에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to produce virtual models of women aged in their 60s and to implement the virtual clothing with jackets. We referred to 3D images of standard and obese body types from the 8th Size Korea and attempted to create avatars based on their images through the various trials. Final virtual models were made to reflect the appearance of women in their 60s. For the standard body type, a 3D image with average body measurements was selected. Based on numerous trials aimed at turning her image into an avatar, the auto-converted avatar on CLO 3D was slimmer than the woman in the original image, and hence it was not suitable for the virtual model. After blending, we converted the image into an uneditable avatar for which only the joint points could be moved, thereby creating an avatar that was identical to the original image. We also selected an image of an obese woman with a “beer bottle” body shape from the 8th Size Korea. We created an avatar that resembled her shape by also converting it into an uneditable avatar for which only joint points could be moved. To use these avatars in virtual clothing, we removed masks of avatars and made faces, hair styles, and skin tones representing women in their 60s. The moderately-sized classic jackets were smooth on both virtual models and fitted satisfactorily. This study demonstrated the applicability of virtual model production of various body types or ages in special clothing studies.