목적: 본 연구는 농업에 종사하는 노인 여성을 대상으로 신체적 여가활동 참여가 신체적 기능 향상과 삶의 질 변화에 미치는 효과에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 농촌 지역에 거주하는 113명의 노인 여성을 대상으로 단일집단 사전-사후 검사 설계를 사용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 스트레칭, 근력 강화 및 마사지 등으로 구성된 신체적 여가활동 프로그램은 8주간 총 16회, 그룹활동으로 진행되었다. 참여 후의 노인의 신체 기능의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 근력, 유연성, 균형능력을 측정하였고, Short Form 8-Item (SF-8)을 사용하여 삶의 질의 변화를 살펴보았다. 결과: 프로그램 참여자들의 신체 기능은 상지 근력(악력), 하지 근력(30초간 앉았다 일어서기), 정적 균형(눈 뜨고 한발 서기), 동적 균형(기능적 도달) 및 유연성(등 뒤로 양손 닿기, 앉아서 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기) 항목에서 모두 유의하게 증가하였다(p < 0.05). 프로그램에 참여한 노인 여성의 건강관련 삶의 질(SF-8) 총점도 335.73 ± 52.93점에서 395.42 ± 28.79점으로 향상되었고, 모든 하위 항목에서 유의하게 변화하였다(p < 0.05). 결론: 여가활동 참여는 노인의 신체 건강뿐만 아니라 삶의 질 향상에도 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후에는 농촌 지역 특성에 맞는 다양한 참여형 활동 프로그램의 개발과 지원이 이루어지기를 기대해 본다.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the cultural meaning behind modern experiences of diversity through the history of clothing in Korea. To this end, this study examines aspects that dictate clothing culture acceptance experienced and practiced by women by analyzing the case of the Naju rural area in Jeollanam-do from the 1950s to 1980s. Modern clothing was accepted later in the 20 century in this village, and the Satgolnai traditional textile tradition was an important factor after 1950s. In addition, the continuity of the rural five-day market is different from practices in the city. Limitations in access to media such as TV, films, and magazines, and the functional meaning of clothing in rural areas contributed to limitations for women to get the opportunity to access modern clothing items that were popular in the city. Unlike in the city, the event that inspired the transition to full-scale modern clothing in this village was the Saemaul Undong Movement of the 1970s. Additionally, Mombbe (labor cloth) worn during the Japanese colonial period was continuously worn as daily clothes for Naju women even after the 1950s. Therefore, colonial modernity continued through clothing.

The purpose of this study was to determine anthropometric measurements, dietary nutrient intakes, simple food intake frequencies, and rates of obesity in Cambodian women. A total 186 women, aged 20-69 years, living in Kampong Spue province of Cambodia and having the responsibility to prepare family meals participated in this study. Height and weight were measured body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and one-day 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaires were conducted. In total, 18.8% were underweight, 49.5% were normal weight, 13.4% were overweight, and 18.3% were obese according to the World Health Organization BMI standard for Asians. No significant difference in height by obesity level was determined (p≥0.05). The mean energy intake was 1571.2 kcal/day and protein intake was 43.6 g/day. There were significant differences in protein, niacin, and vitamin C intakes by obesity level (p<0.05). The prevalence of subjects consuming vitamins and minerals less than 75% of Recommended Dietary Allowances was 73-99%. All Cambodian women consumed rice ≥1 time/day. Approximately 50% of subjects reported ≥1 time/day intake frequency of bread, cookies, and chips. In total, 35% indicated no intake of beans or bean products. For intake frequencies of carbonated beverages and sports drinks, there was a significant difference by obesity level (p<0.05). These results may be very helpful to prepare nutrition education programs for Cambodian women

This study was performed to examine the relationship between the body mass index (BMI), the body fat, and the serum lipids of post-menopausal women in rural areas. The subjects were 510 women aged 50 and over. As a result of this study, we found a trend of decreasing BMI as age increased, but body fat increased. In addition, there was a significant decreasing of the lean body mass than an increasing of the body mass index according to increasing age. Therefore, this study confirmed that a main cause of rural women being classified as obese is a decrease in lean body mass, rather than an increase in of body fat. Of all subjects, 36.3% (18.5≤BMI 〈 23) of all subjects were classified as having normal BMI, whereas only 21.4% were classified as having normal body fat. Out of 190 subjects who were body fat 30% and over, 38 subjects were classified as obese (BMI≥25) and 113 subjects were classified as overweight (23≤BMI 〈 25). The percentile of those with a BMI of 25kg/m2 was 70, and they had 30.82% body fat. HDL cholesterol showed a negative correlation with anthropometric factors (height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, body fat), and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides showed a positive correlation. Especially, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and hip circumference showed significant correlations. Because of differences in the body fat and lean body mass by age group, it seems difficult to assess obesity via BMI only. The elderly especially should have a higher significance placed on body fat or abdominal fat than only BMI.

개혁개방 이후 일반 국민들의 수입이 지속적으로 증가되면서 사람들의 생활 방식에도 큰 변화가 발생하기 시작하여 정신생활과 심리 수요에 대한 증가로 전통적인 관광 모델은 이미 사람들의 다양한 수요를 만족시킬 수 없게 되었다. 그에 따라 자연과 시골로의 회귀를 주제로 하는 농촌관광이 형성되었으며 점점 더 많은 사람들의 사랑을 받기 시작하였다. 농촌관광의 발달에 따라 농촌여성들은 중요한 참여 자로서 점점 더 중요한 역할을 한다. 동시에 농촌관광의 발전은 농촌여성들의 각 측면에 커다란 영향을 미친다. 본 논문은 주로 농촌관광이 농촌여성의 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 농촌관광에 대한 참여 과정에서 농촌여성의 정신건강이 향상되었다. 한 측면에서 농촌관광은 여성의 발전과 진보에 양호한 환경과 조건을 제공했으며, 여성은 농촌관광에 대한 참여 과정에서 혈연과 지연 관계를 심화하는 동시에 사회 교류 대상이 지속적으로 증가되고, 교류 공간이 확대되면서 농촌여성의 자존감 역시 크게 강화되었다. 다른 한 측면에서 취업 여성의 교육관, 소비관, 경쟁의식 및 소셜 참여 의식에 모두 적극적인 변화가 발생하였다.

Purpose - While sustainability is based on the argument that the world’s resources are finite and their demand will ultimately surpass supply, entrepreneurship on the other hand argues that there are inherent opportunities to address this through conserving, recycling, switching to more renewable resources and making effective use of available finite resources. Research design, data, and methodology - In response to the lack of scientific information on the outcomes of entrepreneurship in rural Nigeria, this paper surveys the benefits (social, economic and environmental) of women engagement in waste plastic bags recycling in Adamawa State of Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted and data was collected from 26 respondents with the use of a semi-structured questionnaire, which was analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in frequency tables. Results - Results indicated that 21 women have gained employment, who would have remained unemployed; 80.8% of who make profits below 10000 Naira per month and collectively, they recycle 179.3kg of waste polythene bag per month. Conclusions - It was recommended that the women should be further their education; adequate records of costs and sales should be kept; and savings should be encouraged among them.

이 연구는 국제결혼가정 유아들에 대한 선행연구들이 맥락과 무관한 획일적 연구결과들 을 일반화하는 데 대하여 비판하면서 농촌 국제결혼가정 유아들의 어린이집 생활의 다양성 을 보여주고 그 다양성을 배태하는 맥락들을 이해하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해 일 반 유아들에 비해 가정의 구조나 사회경제적 배경이 더 열악함에도 불구하고 그들 못지않 게 생활하고 있는 어린이집을 연구현장으로 삼아 질적 사례연구를 수행하였다. 연구 결과 기존의 선행연구 결과와 달리 농촌 국제결혼가정 유아들은 학습이나 또래관계, 그리고 교 사와의 관계에서 모두 적극적이고 주도적이고 거리낌 없이 생활하고 있음을 생생하게 확인 할 수 있었고 이러한 생활이 가능한 맥락을 교사와 기관, 그리고 지역사회에서 찾았다. 이 연구는 이러한 맥락적 이해를 통해 국제결혼가정 유아에 대한 기존 연구와 편견들이 가진 한계와 문제점을 지적함과 동시에 국제결혼가정 유아에 대한 편견을 해체하고 올바르게 이 해할 뿐만 아니라 그들의 올바른 교육적 성장을 위해 교사는 물론 교육기관 그리고 지역사 회까지 중요한 환경으로 작동한다는 것을 인지하고 교육적 실천에 있어서도 체계적 접근이 필요하다는 점을 강조하였다

The objective of this study was to investigate the perception of walking environment and use of neighborhood facilities of rural female elderly, who are the most susceptible to ambulatory problems. The study showed that parks, senior centers and hospitals were among the most frequently used neighborhood facilities by rural female elderly, while bus stations and senior centers were recognized as the closest facilities. Frequency of use was higher for paid sports facilities rather than parks. Hospitals and health centers were facilities that were desired to be in close proximity. Social support, self-efficacy, and attitude were the factors that affected walking environment. Street trees, accessibility to parks, and street lights were factors that showed a positive relationship with total time of walking activity while perceived crime rate and slopes were perceived as environmental challenges for groups that walked under 150 minutes per week. One factor that negatively affected walking was the lack of sidewalks on streets. Providing parks and walking trails within neighborhood, pleasant walking environments, and safe sidewalks would contribute to improved perception of neighborhood and walking of older rural women.

In this paper, in order to clarify the effect and characteristics of rural women enterprise in rural areas, AWATAKE Restaurant at Kita Ward, Kobe is taken as a case study, and its management and operation condition, and the effects towards the region are analyzed. As a result, it can be concluded that: 1) according to the local employment and purchase of local food products, the economic effect towards the area shows a returning 73% of the gross sales to the area, 2) lifestyle technology which is empowered by women and food culture which is used as a start in the enterprise activities, are functioning as new workplace to cultivate technologies own by the women, moreover, members have never decreased, and most of them stayed for as long as 10 years, 3) however, the average age of the members are high and decreasing, leaving a new task on how to encourage participation of young members, 4) lastly, rural women enterprise is easy to manage, and also received cooperation from family in the members' working environment.