본 연구의 목적은 보행로에서 자유 주차된 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보드를 수용하기 위한 혼합형 주차구획 설계방안을 제시하는 것 이다. 본 연구의 방법은 다음과 같다. 현장조사를 통해 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보드의 주차비율을 도출한다. 문헌조사를 통해 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보드의 주차단위구획을 도출한다. 주차단위구획의 배치에 따른 기하학적 특성을 이용하여 혼합형 주차구획 설계공식 을 도출한다. 혼합형 주차구획 설계 공식을 이용하여 주차구획 설계 사례를 제시한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 주차실태 현장 조사를 통해 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보드의 주차비율을 도출하였다. 혼합형 주차구획 설계공식 도출을 위한 주차단위구획의 규격을 도출하였다. 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보드의 주차비율을 반영한 혼합형 주차구획 설계공식을 도출하였다. 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보 드의 주차각도 유형별로 혼합형 주차구획 설계공식 적용 사례를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 자유주차 방식의 공유형 자 전거 및 전동킥보드로 인한 보행 방해 문제를 해소할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

PURPOSES : This study presents an application plan for parking spaces for shared e-scooters using the clearance widths of sidewalks. The detailed purposes are as follows: firstly, to present appropriate spaces for installing parking lots for shared E-scooters. Secondly, to derive the specifications of parking unit spaces for shared E-scooters. Thirdly, to derive the formula for calculating the parking angle of shared E-scooters. Lastly, to provide examples of calculating the parking angle using the derived formula. METHODS : Based on the literature review, appropriate locations for installing parking spaces for shared E-scooters on sidewalks were proposed. We also investigated design factors based on a literature review to derive the specifications of parking unit spaces for shared E-scooters, and utilized the geometric characteristics of clearance widths of sidewalks to derive a formula for calculating the parking angle. Finally, we provide examples of calculating the parking angle for shared E-scooters using the derived formula. RESULTS : The results of this study are as follows. We proposed clearance widths of sidewalks as appropriate spaces for installing parking spaces for shared E-scooters. Next, we derived the specifications of parking unit spaces for shared E-scooters considering anthropometric measurements, specifications of shared E-scooters, and clearance dimensions. Moreover, we derived a formula for calculating the parking angle of shared E-scooters considering clearance widths of sidewalks. Finally, we presented examples of calculating the parking angle for shared E-scooter parking unit spaces based on clearance widths of sidewalks. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the application for parking spaces for shared e-scooters using the clearance widths of sidewalks was presented. We derived the standard and compact specifications of parking unit spaces for shared E-scooters, and provided foundational data for estimating the parking capacity using a formula for calculating the parking angle of shared E-scooters. Future research directions include presenting case studies of estimating parking capacity using the parking angle of shared E-scooters.

본 연구는 외부환경조건이 콘크리트 보도블록의 백화특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 콘크리트 보 도블록의 외부환경조건으로 양지 및 음지에서의 옥외폭로, 온도 20℃, 습도 55%의 항온항습 및 -5℃ ∼5℃의 저온환경 조건에서 시간경과에 따른 콘크리트 보도블록의 백화특성을 검토하여 외기환경조건 이 백화발생에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 보행로의 완충공간에 설치할 공유형 개인이동장치 주차구획을 합리적으로 설계하는 것이다. 공유형 개인이동장치 주차구획 설계를 위해 공유형 개인이동장치 주차구획의 주차형식별 규격과 주차용량을 산정하는 공식을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 방법 은 다음과 같다. 먼저 보행로 완충공간의 수직길이에 대한 기하학적 특성을 활용하는 것이다. 이를 바탕으로 공유형 개인이동장치 주 차구획의 수직길이에 대한 제약조건을 도출하였다. 다음으로 보행로 완충공간의 수평길이에 대한 기하학적 특성을 활용하는 것이다. 이를 바탕으로 공유형 개인이동장치 주차구획의 수평길이에 대한 제약조건을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 보행로 완충 공간의 수직길이에 대한 공유형 개인이동장치 주차구획의 주차형식별 규격을 바탕으로 주차구획 설계공식을 도출하였다. 보행로 완충 공간의 수평길이에 대한 공유형 개인이동장치 주차구획의 용량을 바탕으로 주차구획 설계공식을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 연구결과를 바탕으로 보행로의 완충공간에 설치할 공유형 개인이동장치 주차구획에 대해 최적의 주차형식과 주차용량을 도출하였다.

PURPOSES : This study aims to analyze and summarize test results related to permeable blocks used for sidewalks and roadways as an alternative to conventional urban road pavement technology, specifically focusing on low-impact development (LID) techniques. Furthermore, it aims to provide reference data on the feasibility of current policy implementation and future policy directions through a longterm analysis of the performance and durability of permeable blocks in sidewalk and roadway construction. METHODS : The research methodology involves (1) conducting a survey on the status and actual conditions of permeability sustainability tests based on the results of permeability persistence tests conducted in Seoul over nine years, from 2013 to 2021; (2) analyzing the differences between the permeability block rating system of Seoul City and that employed by the Ministry of Environment; (3) analyzing the permeability of graded pavement sections in permeable blocks for sidewalks after three years of public use and deriving a regression analysis formula to estimate the maintenance period; (4) analyzing the permeability of pavement sections in permeable blocks for roadways after five years of public use and deriving a regression analysis formula to estimate the maintenance period. RESULTS : This study revealed significant improvements in the performance and quality control of permeable blocks since the implementation of the permeability sustainability test in Seoul in 2013. An analysis of the differences in the permeability coefficient and distribution based on the rating systems of Seoul City and the Ministry of Environment showed that rating system of Seoul City has approximately twice the permeability coefficient quality standard compared to that of the Ministry of Environment. Regression analysis indicated that the firstgrade permeable block was predicted to maintain its permeability for approximately 5.1 years, whereas the third-grade permeable block was predicted to maintain its permeability for approximately 3.1 years. In roadway-permeable block pavements, the first-grade sections maintained excellent quality conditions even after five years, and regression analysis predicted a permeability maintenance period ranging from eight to 17 years. CONCLUSIONS : The correlation analysis of the permeability coefficients based on the common usage period of permeable blocks for sidewalks and roadways presented in this study can provide more accurate estimations of commonality. However, further research under various environmental conditions is required to supplement these findings. Considering the lack of studies on permeable block commonality analysis in Korea, this study highlights the significance of conducting long-term experimental follow-up research to establish commonality prediction formulas for different usage scenarios.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dust removal by dust removal vehicles by the measuring dust load and PM10 concentrations on the sidewalks of block pavements. METHODS : Field experiments were conducted to determine a dust removal method suitable for the sidewalk conditions, as identified through a literature review. Data collection was followed by the evaluation of the sidewalk dust load with removal vehicles and analysis of the PM10 content within a service road. Moreover, an economic analysis was conducted based on the social costs of dust reduction. RESULTS : When cleaning a sidewalk block by spraying water, the contaminants in small gaps in the block pavement could be reduced, providing a potential solution to void clogging. The dust on the surface of the sidewalk was suspended from a paved road with a high level of traffic volume. Using sidewalk dust removal vehicles with sweeping, spraying water, and inhalation reduced the dust load and PM10 contents by more than 2 and 0.07g/m2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : According to the economic analysis of the development of dust removal vehicles for sidewalks, the cost-benefit analysis method shows an input effect of 0.4, but if the reduction amount of fine particles such as PM2.5, further experiments are necessary to address the atmospheric fine dust concentrations resulting from cleaning sidewalk block pavements.

PURPOSES : In this study, the flatness of a sidewalk surface was evaluated by measuring the vibration acceleration experienced by wheelchair users passing the sidewalk using a walking measure. The objective of this study is to derive a linear equation for converting the vibration acceleration of a sidewalk surface measured using a walking measure into vibration acceleration of a wheelchair. METHODS : To this end, field measurements were obtained. Twenty sites with different sidewalk surface materials were selected to measure the vibration accelerations of the walking measure and wheelchair. A regression analysis was conducted with the measured root mean square value of the vibration acceleration, and a linear equation expressing the walking measure and wheelchair vibration acceleration was derived. RESULTS : The regression analysis was conducted by inputting the vibration acceleration of the wheelchair into the Y-axis and that of the walking measure into the X-axis. Thus, a linear equation between the walking measure and wheelchair acceleration could be derived. Further, linear equations could be derived and applied based on the situation using various standard walking measures and wheelchairs. These equations could be used to convert the vibration acceleration of the walking measure into that of the wheelchair. Substituting the converted vibration acceleration into the comfort level specified in ISO 2631-1 was expected to indicate the flatness of the sidewalk. CONCLUSIONS : This study confirmed that a linear equation for the two vibration accelerations could be derived by measuring the vibration accelerations of the walking measure and wheelchairs of 20 different sites. The vibration acceleration measured using the walking measure could be converted into that of the wheelchair using this linear equation. In addition, the flatness of the sidewalk could be evaluated by measuring the vibration acceleration of the walking measure using this linear equation.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to prioritize sidewalk construction on rural national highways. METHODS : In order to determine an appropriate prioritization for sidewalk construction, we developed a specific methodology. The proposed methodology includes three main steps: 1) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods, 2) Subjective evaluation of relevant road agencies for the candidate sidewalks along rural national highways, and 3) Field study conduction. Each step has four phases. The primary feature of this methodology is the addition of expert consultation and survey data, as well as a field study. In addition, the method could guarantee flexibility in selection for evaluation criteria. As a result, the proposed methodology could be used as a general procedure for application to other roadway classifications when considering sidewalk construction. RESULTS: In order to demonstrate the reasonableness of the proposed methodology, a case study was performed for exactly 100 candidate sites for sidewalk construction on rural national highways. All required evaluation scores were properly produced for each candidate site. By doing so, decision-makers can determine the priority for sidewalk construction at these sites by reviewing quantitatively and qualitatively considered data. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the case study can be applied to a long-term fundamental plan for sidewalk construction on rural national highways. Furthermore, this methodology could be employed to prioritize a small-scale SOC project(e. g. bicycle or pedestrian roads).

파리기후협정에 따른 온실가스 자발적 감축 의무 이행을 위해 세계적으로 석탄발전과 원자력발전의 비중을 줄이고 태양광 발전을 비롯한 재생에너지의 보급에 국가적 노력을 기울이고 있다. 우리나라도 법령을 도입하여 2040년까지 재생에너지의 발전비중을 30~35%까지 늘리고자 하고 있다. 또한 국외에서는 태양광 발전을 보도 및 도로에 적용하고자 하고 노력하고 있으나 국내의 경우 관련 연구가 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 태양광발전 도로를 개발하기 위한 선행연구로서 보도 및 광장에 적용가능한 태양광 발전 콘크리트 블록을 개발하였으며 이를 현장에 시공하여 적용성을 평가하였다. 실내실험결과 압축강도는 25.5~35.7MPa이 측정되었고 휨강도는 5.1~10.5MPa이 측정되어 국내 기준은 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났으나 단위시멘트량이 많을수록 부순잔골재의 혼입에 따라 강도가 낮게 측정되었다. 흡수율은 최대 5.7%로 나타나 국내 기준인 7%이하를 만족하였으며 동결융해시험 결과 100싸이클 후 압축강도 감소율은 최대 6.3%로 나타나 양호한 수준으로 측정되었다. 시공 후 침하량을 측정결과 최대 2.498mm가 측정되었으며 전면적에 대해 불규칙한 침하가 발생하였는데 이는 시공시 모래층의 다짐이 불량 하였거나 우수에 의한 모래 유출로 인한 것으로 판단된다. 초기발전량의 경우 일사량을 고려하면 적정량이 측정되었다. 태양광 패널과 콘크리트 블록의 유지관리 기법은 추후 연구를 통하여 보다 효율적으로 확립할 필요가 있다.

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate performance for atmosphere purification of concrete sidewalk block using high performance Nano TiO2 Carrier. As a result, concrete sidewalk block using high performance Nano TiO2 Carrier was confirmed to be superior than commercial TiO2 concrete sidewalk block to atmosphere purification.

The physical properties of sidewalk pavement material made by combining rectangular chips with urethane resin were reviewed through both an indoor test and an on-site test. To obtain the chips, forest tree by-products were crushed and then passed through a 10mm sieve. The materials that remained in the 2.36 mm sieve are the above mentioned chips. For the indoor test, the mixing ratios of urethane resin to chips, by mass, were set as 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. Then, the mixture obtained by mixing with forced mixing type mixer was formed in an iron mold. Tests for tensile strength, elasticity and permeability coefficient were performed 7 days after forming. For the on-site test, the cross-section of the sidewalk pavement material consisted of sand filter layer, crushed stone subbase, permeable concrete base and surface layer of the forest tree chip mixture. For the surface layer, the mass ratios of urethane resin to the forest tree chip were determined to be 40%, 60% and 80%, respectively. The physical property test like the one performed in the indoor test and the skid resistance test was performed over 7 days after the completion of trial construction. According to the result of the tests, the tensile strength, GB/SB coefficients and permeability coefficient were 0.1 to 0.7MPa, 15 to 43% and 0.3 to 0.5mm/sec, respectively, depending on the mixing ratio. In addition, the skid resistance coefficient was 75BPN with the mass ratio of the urethane resin to the forest tree chips of 80%. Furthermore, it was found through the on-site test that a pavement surface with excellent surface smoothness could be obtained through the application of a construction method using an electric heat roller. It was also confirmed that the mixing ratio of urethane resin to forest trees chips needed to be 60% or more.