The purpose of this study is to examine how similarities between product designs manifest themselves in various aspects and how these influences purchasing and usage behavior. Product design similarity evokes positive images, such as a sense of security and familiarity, as well as negative images, such as mimicry and copying. For example, if you have just transferred to another school and your uniform does not match everyone else's, you might feel alienated. On the other hand, in parks and on street corners, wearing the same clothes and belongings can lead to an awkward moment. In the realm of psychology, the former is called the bandwagon effect and the latter is the snob effect. In contrast to the snob effect, which emphasizes scarcity, the bandwagon effect can create fads and hits. People experience both of these emotions, and it is said that using them appropriately and combining them leads to an effective marketing strategy.

As the top priority in language teaching, vocabulary teaching has attracted the attention of the academic circles.As an important module in advanced teaching, the teaching of short word has also been valued by many scholars. Synonyms have always been a difficult problem and a key problem for learners and teachers. Therefore, the author selected a pair of synonyms, “对比” and “对照” with high use frequency and high error rate, as the research objects. This article starts from the interpretation of “对比” and “对照” in the three dictionaries of “现汉”, “规范” and “应用”, first compares the definitions of “对比” and “对照” in the same dictionary, and then compares the definitions of “对比” and “对照” in the three dictionaries respectively. It is found that the definitions in the three dictionaries of “现汉”, “规范” and “应用”, although they are roughly the same, but they are not exactly the same. I also found that there were also great differences in the discrimination contents given in different dictionaries. Therefore, when learning or when teaching, relying completely on dictionaries can not completely solve the problem.By using the analysis of “contrast” and “control”. The synonyms and discriminatives of “对比” and “对照” were analyzed. and the similarities and differences were found, and the requirements of “对比” and “对 照” were interchangeable.

“W si wo le” and “W si wo suanle” are two constructions commonly used in modern Chinese spoken language, and they all have a high degree of meaning. The two constructions can sometimes be used interchangeably, there will be some subtle differences in semantics after the switchover; but in some cases, the two are not interchangeable. According to the corpus survey, we found that “W si wo le” is much more commonly used than“W si wo suanle” . “W si wo suanle” as a new construction is used only in a specific context in spoken Chinese, “suanle”as an extremely important component of the construction “W si wo suanle” must affect the choice of the variable W, the meaning of this construction and the syntactic features of this construction. This paper intents to compare the similarities and differences of “W si wo le” and “W si wo suanle” on the use and characteristics of the variable W, the construction meaning and the syntactic features ,we also try to analyze and explain the causes of these differences.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to verify whether cultural aspects influence consumers’ product appraisal by analyzing how consumers from two different countries choose products by designers with a diverse cultural background. Design/Methodology: A questionnaire was applied, with 321 female respondents (217 from Brazil, 104 from Israel) who chose swimsuits from two different styles (“Classic” and “Trendy”) in four different options: bikini, one-piece, solid colors, and print options. Findings: Both countries presented a preference for design from the same cultural background, but while Brazilian respondents opted mostly for designs by Brazilian designers, Israeli respondents chose more openly. Israeli respondents presented a much higher restriction on bikini models compared to one-pieces, while Brazilians presented the opposite type of rejection. Research implications: The results suggest that cultural aspects influence consumers’ choices in product appraisal, as respondents tend to choose designs made under the same cultural influence. Originality/value: behavior, product appraisal, swimwear, cross-cultural 1 Yael_

In the first century, Sinographs and Chinese culture were transmitted to Japan, Korea and Vietnam, simultaneously had profound impact on countries they passed by, and then, formed the vast Sinographic Cosmopolis. During the contact with Sinographs and culture, the people of all three nations had created their writing systems that based on these elements of Sinographs. Based on script evidences recorded in Kokuji no Jiten, this article will analyze the characteristics and suggest the historical divergence of the Waji system (also called the Kokuji), conduct comparisons with the Vietnamese Nom script, develop the model of the structure of these scripts, and specifically point out the similarities and differences of these two writing systems.

본고는 필담과 창화의 동질성과 이질성을 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 한자를 공통 언어로 사용하는 동아시아의 국가들 사이에는 다른 문화권에서 볼 수 없는 독특한 문화양식이 존재하는데, 그것은 음성언어로 의사소통이 불가능할 때 문자언어인 ‘漢字’로 서로의 의사를 주고받는 것이 가능하다는 것이다. 그리고 이것을 가능하게 하는 수단이 바로 筆談과 唱和이다. 이 둘은 국가 간의 교류, 사 신들과 문사들, 여행객들 사이에서 이루어지며, 역관을 통하지 않은 채 커뮤니케 이션을 가능하게 하는 방식으로 서툰 역관보다 정확한 의사소통이 가능하다. 그리 고 필담과 창화는 동아시아의 한자문화권 안에서 이루어진 문학행위로 漢文을 수 단으로 한 문명의식, 유대의식의 표출이라는 점과 상호교류의 역할을 한다는 동질성이 있다. 뿐만 아니라 한정된 시간과 공간 내에서 이루어지는 행위이므로 뛰어 난 문필력을 필요로 한다는 점도 동일하다 하겠다. 하지만 이러한 필담과 창화는 쓰이는 경우가 다르다. 우선 筆談은 문자를 매개로 이루어지는 의사 교환 수단으로 散文형식이 일반 적이나, 唱和는 운율을 가지는 시의 화답을 통하여 이루어지는 대화 형식으로 韻文형식이 일반적이다. 필담은 문장도 ‘問’,‘答’의 형식으로 나누어져 궁금증을 묻 고 답하는 형식이지만, 창화는 次韻의 형식을 빌려 대화가 이루어지며 시문창작 이라는 결과물까지 나오게 된다. 그리고 필담은 상대에 대한 정보탐색과 전달의 기능을 한다. 통신사의 주된 임무가 적정탐색이었고, 임무 수행에 필연적으로 필 담이 主가 되었다. 하지만 실질적으로 국가와 관련된 것은 절대 엄금이었으므로, 필담에 남아있는 내용은 대체로 私的인 주제가 많았다. 그러므로 새로운 문물이 나 지식을 교환하는데 유용하게 쓰였다. 그리고 필담은 외국인끼리 외교와 교류의 ‘현장’에서 이루어지며, 누구와도 자유롭게 나눌 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 보통의 경우는 조선의 사신(특히 三使중 製述官, 書記등이 主)이 일본의 문사나 관리와 주고받는 것이 일반적이나, 行中과도 가능하며 多者를 접할 수 있는 유일한 수단 이기도 했다. 그러나 쌍방이 대면한 현장에서 즉석에서 써야 하므로 일반적 문장 과는 다르게 요점만 기록할 수밖에 없고, 일정한 시간 내에서만 이루어지는 행위 이므로 심도 깊은 논의는 할 수 없다는 한계가 있다. 이에 비해 唱和는 국가 간의 문학적 역량을 발휘함으로써 국가의 위신을 높이는 기능이 큰 몫을 차지했다. 특히 우리나라가 일본에 대해서는 우월감을 과시하는 수단으로 사용되기도 하였다. 그러므로 교제를 목적으로 하면서도 밑바닥에는 묘한 경쟁심리가 깔려 있게 마련이었다. 일본 사행에서는 일본 문사나 행인들의 시문 요청이 많았으므로, 통신사의 제술관은 당대 최고의 문사들이 선발되는 경우가 많았다. 하지만 창화는 작품창작 활동의 일환으로 詩를 창작하는 행위이므로, 無用한 잡담과 청풍명월 따위는 인용하지 않았고, 依韻, 用韻, 次韻등을 지켜야 하는 제약이 있다. 이렇듯 필담과 창화는 ‘붓을 통한 대화’라는 동질성 속에서 이질성 또한 분명히 발견할 수 있다. 그것은 필담과 창화의 주체와 대상 그리고 목적과 내용 등에 의 한 것들이다. 그러나 이러한 이질성은 동질성을 기본으로 하여 생각되어야 할 것 이며, 동질성 또한 이질성을 배제하고서 거론되어서는 안될 것이다.

Based on the findings on similarities and differences in the Korean and Vietnamese cultural features, and the social surveys conducted as part of the project ”Compiling, Publishing and Disseminating the Handbook of Korean-Vietnamese Behavior” by South Korean Studies Center, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (USSH-VNU-HCM) with the support of the Academy of Korean Studies (AKS) from September to October 2016,the paper covers the three points: First, analyzing similarities that create a special interaction effect between the two cultures. They are ones underlying the spectacular development of the Korea-Vietnam relations during the past time. Among them are similarities in the humanity and tolerance with a distinctive feature of “respect for affection”, playing the most important role;second, analyzing cultural collisions caused by distinctive features in the structures of the two countries’ traditional cultures. They include those of the South Korean culture namely strong hiarachy, high respect of routines, and self-esteem of mono-culture and those of the Vietnamese culture namely strongvillage democracy, low respect of formalities, resistance to imposed culture; and simultaneously analyzing the gaps in the modernity of the Vietnamese workers' culture compared to the requirements of modern production in Korean enterprises so as to point out that they are reasons for the increase of conflicts in Korean enterprises’ operation process in Vietnam; and third, suggesting, based on the analysis, some cultural solutions to increase harmony and reduce conflicts, supporting a sustainable development of the Korea-Vietnam cooperation in Korean enterprises in Vietnam.

This study aims at identifying the characteristics of family-owner firms from the business studies and searching for the usefulness of the concept for the farming research. From the 1980s, there have been a lot of studies on family business which found out its different features in term of management characteristics. Exploring the concept of the family business, this tries to figure out any kind of similarities of the family farm concept which could be applied for the studies on identifying novel characteristics of contemporary family farms in capitalised societies.

In this squib I showed some similarities and differences among prenominal phrases in Korean. They all end with a prenominal temporal affixes, called adnominalizers in the literature, which is different from those found in matrix clauses. EHRCs, IHRCs and PA phrases are the same ones in that they contain an empty category coindexed with the relative head. These phrases are different from NPA phrases, gapless RCs and noun complement clauses in that the latter contain no empty category. Among the latter three, NPA phrase and gapless RCs are pure modifiers, whereas noun complement clauses are not.

Nash 모형의 매개변수를 유역의 수문지형특성과 시간응답의 상사성을 이용하여 분석하고 이를 미계측 유역에 대한 추정방법으로 적용하여 보았다. 유역의 수문지형특성의 상사성은 유역의 지형학적 동질성에 대한 검증방법인 자기상사성을 통해 파악하였으며 시간응답의 상사성은 Nash 모형의 매개변수들과 지체시간 및 도달시간과의 관계를 수립하여 이용하였다. 위천유역의 경우 이러한 상사성에 대한 주목할만한 특징이 발견되었는데 이를 미계측 유역에 대한 매개변수 측정에 이