This paper is aimed at designing learning contents by applying augmented reality, as a plan to improve learning effect of learners who will study cultural properties. Learning cultural assets does not contain educational media which is able to be used for current learning. Even if is has the media, they are not fitting for the current educational situation, and most of them are simple. Insufficiency of educational media will make learners, who are interested in cultural properties and who are about to freshly learn cultural properties, far away from their desires to lean. Learning cultural properties is appropriate for a learning type to apply augmented reality. Accordingly, the author is aiming at developing educational media by applying augmented reality to learning cultural assets. In order to apply augmented reality, this paper examines concept of augmented reality and its application cases, accelerated learning factors and efficiency through the relevant pre-studies and development cases of educational application, and methods by which augmented reality is used for learning media. Based on these studies, this paper applied a learning theory stated in the pre-study, and designed learning contents by using augmented reality producing library. By means of the augmented reality based cultural properties learning contents, this paper plans to help learners who will study cultural properties and the relevant education, and to be a reference for designing learning contents applying augmented reality in the future.

Many undergraduate AI courses have the learning objective that students are able to precisely define different classes of AI problems and to apply core algorithmic techniques to them. Due to the great breadth of the field of AI, however, introductory AI courses typically include a heterogenous collection of topics and techniques. For this reason, AI courses risk appearing incoherent to students, who can find it challenging to understand how different AI topics relate to each other. We have found that assigning a tightly integrated series of programming projects using a computer game environment has lent unity to our AI course by providing students with a common platform for solving many different kinds of AI problems. In this paper, we introduce a set of useful computer games to use for introductory AI courses. And then we describe our experiences and lessons from utilizing some of them in our AI courses.

This study proposes that general users will produce UHD image contents or game background image. UHD realistic image gives reality with a 4K ultra high‐definition large screen. However, UHD contents are relatively lacked. In order to produce UHD contents, 4K images are needed. As shooting equipment is expensive, HD image is converted through upscale or pull down. Accordingly, in this study, we propose to take 4K definition static image with general camera to produce UHD contents, and to insert sound and effects and to sync using editing program. For experiment, we used 15 seconds' length image in 3840x2160 and 4096x2304 resolution respectively. In the experiment, it was found that image quality and volume increased and sense of reality changed according to definition and high frame rate. As another experiment, we used 15 seconds' length HD image in 3840x2160 resolution using high frame rate method. In the experiment, it was found that image quality, volume and sense of reality were changed according to high frame rate.

This study focuses on clarifying mechanism for alternative media based on twitter. Alternative media based on twitter is different from mass media because it has gameness for improving interactivity between news providers and news receivers. This study argues that the gameness could be quests. News providers provide quests to news receivers, so news receivers can expand their territory with playing quest. This aspect is related to the feature of Alternative Reality Game. News receivers participate in News distribution and News production because of its intrinsic rewards. Therefore, twitter communities by playing quests are similar to the communities of digital game's community and Crowdsourcing projects are appeared in alternative media based on Twitter.

Most users lose their interests when game users interactively play with characters to feel unfriend and unrealistic. In this thesis, we present a scene management memory model for autonomous game characters, which manages the recognized information by visual attention. The scene management memory of autonomous game character is comprised of visual memory. Scene management memory stores the recognized information at the physical structure embodied by Quadgraph structure. Game characters take adaptive actions for the situation by utilizing the stored information in the memory system. To use the capacity of memory effectively, we devise the algorithm of quick visual attention, well suited to game environment. We have implemented our memory system for the experiment to confirm its feasibility and availability. As a result of the experiment, we positively verify that autonomous game character perceives the static and dynamic object of 3D game world by visual attention mechanism with about 2 times improvement of time complexity.

Serious games have drawn attention with positive effects on users in various areas. While many categorizations and definitions of serious games have attempted to elucidate the elusive term, we are still some way off in formulating an agreed understanding of what serious games are and how they can be classified. This paper aims to provide an overall picture of the concepts and categorizations of serious games. From the results of previous literature, the major applications of serious games can be converged into five primary areas: public policy, military, education, corporate and healthcare. Likewise, theories applied to serious games comprise three main strategic purposes: information notification/PR, change of user attitude/behavior, and purposive training. Based on the strategic purposes and applied areas, this study categorizes serious games into 15 sectors. In addition, founded on the motivation factors and the characteristics of digital games, the current study suggests a new definition of serious games.

It is not too much to say that the mobile game market has made a shared growth, together with the domestic smartphone distribution rate(31 million units). At present, the distribution of the smartphone has a lot of influences on the smartphone game market, in which the number of game users having a preference for an easy, simple game, and competing with actual personal acquaintances is ever increasing. This study, in an effort to look into what influence the game sound has on game scores consequent on user's characteristic among the smartphone game components, compared the game results through in-depth interviews with a game sound developer and a user group, and the sound/non-sound experiences in the course of playing games. As a result of conducting this research, it was found that age and game experience showed a significant difference on game results. On the basis of this research result, this study intends to suggest the direction of smartphone game production development that could meet both a game supplier and a user's demand.

This study investigates the difference between popular genre of mobile games and that of online games, and also the impact of affiliation with social network platform on the market performance. The results show that three genres such as action, puzzle, and RPG occupy a higher market share than the other genres. The structure of the mobile game market is more competitive than that of the online game market but game applications developed by top four developers - CJ E&M, NHN, com2us, WeMade - have been holding high ranks for months. It implies that the structure of the mobile game market is gradually becoming more concentrated. As the market competition increases, the marketing cost for acquiring recognition and the commission fee paying for platform have been increasing accordingly. Consequently, mobile game developers are encouraged to enhance the quality of their games as well as to devise diverse platform-marketing strategies in order to accomplish stable market performance.

Augmented reality is a state-of-the-art technology which presents auxiliary information by synthesizing real world scene with synthetic objects. Some augmented reality applications are commercially available according to the advance of mobile device capability. They combine strong points of "mobility" of mobile devices and augmented reality technology. Mobile games based on augmented reality technology are expected to become widespread in the near future. Therefore, mobile augmented reality technology is crucial for mobile games such as board games and so on. This paper analyzes the research trend of mobile augmented reality and presents some latest research results. Based on this analysis, future directions for mobile augmented reality are given.

As more computer game integrates with video and working under mobile environments, it requires seamless bandwidth limited video transport environment including integrated game video compression and real time video conference between game users. Video transmission system consists of encoder and decoder. In communication environment, when the encoder transmits the stream data to the decoder, the bit-stream is alternated or lost because of various channel noises. Altered and lost bit-stream data cause the loss of the video data intensity value or motion vector (MV) value. These lost data cause serious damage of the video quality. In this paper, we propose MV recovery method because MV is essential information to keep the better video quality. To recover the lost MV, we use adjacent block’s MV as input data of Kalman filter to estimate the optimized value for current block’s lost MV. In our experimentation with the standard video image: Mobile&Calendar and Susie, our proposed method achieved 0.497dB ~ 1.898dB improvements on video quality over no MV recovery and achieved average 0.03dB ~ 0.725dB improvements over SRMC scheme.

창의적 아이디어를 지식으로 변환하고 이를 활용하여 부를 축적하는 창조경제의 구현은 세계적 화두이자 우리나라의 핵심국정목표이다. 우리나라는 지식재산의 창출역량은 높은 수준에 다다랐으나 그 지식재산의 활용/관리 역량은 부족하며 특히 국경 없는 전쟁이라 불리는 지식재산분쟁에 대한 체계적 대응과 전략적 관리 역량은 개별 기업 차원에서도 그리고 국가 관리시스템 차원에서도 부족한 것으로 평가되어 이 부분에 대한 역량강화가 요구된다. 본 연구는 지식재산분쟁에 대한 전략적 관리 역량강화를 위해 무엇이 필요한지를 생각해 보는 계기를 마련하기 위해 ICT 융합의 실용특허인 스마트폰/태블릿PC를 중심으로 우리나라의 삼성과 미국의 애플 간에 9개국에 걸쳐 동시다발적으로 진행 중인 글로벌 지식재산소송을 분석하였다. 특히 소송결과에 따른 구제수단 중 즉각적인 시장봉쇄효과가 있고 개별 기업뿐만 아니라 산업의 지형도와 국가경쟁력에 직접적 영향을 미칠 수 있는 침해금지청구(제품의 판매금지명령)소송에 대해서 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 우리나라 기업과 글로벌 지식재산 분쟁이 가장 빈번한 미국에서의 소송을 중심으로 하였다. 본 연구는 애플이 제기한 영구적 침해금지청구소송에 관한 미국의 1심 판결문을 중심으로 미국에서 침해금지청구가 인용되기 위한 요건을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 그에 관한 법률적 쟁점이 기업 전략적 측면에서는 어떠한 시사점을 가지는지를 생각해보고자 하였다. 이 글은 아직 소송이 진행 중인 1심의 판결 결과에 대한 분석이고 미국의 소송을 중심으로 법률적 쟁점과 기술경영전략적 쟁점을 연결할 수 있는 연결고리를 찾는 것에 중점을 두고 있다는 점에서 향후 여러 국가를 비교한 종합적 분석이 요구되는 한계가 있다. 그러나 본 연구가 창조경제시대는 기술경영의 시대에서 한 단계 진화하여 기술경영과 법률경영을 하나로 융합하는 기업의 역량과 자국 기업을 위해 최적의 게임의 룰을 제공하는 국가의 역량이 어느 때보다 중요하다는 점을 강조한다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있기를 기대한다.

Currently, Game Rating Board is regulating online web board games for the purpose of eradicating the speculation of the games through prohibition on direct charge system of the game and now is trying to even ban the indirect charge method. However not only the direct charge system but also the indirect charge system is a legal business model under the Promotion Act on Game Industry. There are 3 reasons: First, the web board game is essentially different from gambling. In order for the activity in question to be considered as gambling, it should meet all of the three requirements which are consideration, chance and prize. However, the game doesn't give prizes so that excludes it from gambling. Second, the deliberation about the prohibition on direct charge system of the game deviates from the limits of delegated legislation. Since the web board games do not fall under the purview of the concept of gambling, the deliberation is a subordinate to the Promotion Act on Game Industry, the deliberation itself may be in violation of the delegation range if the web board games are judged as operating illegally. Lastly, the prohibitions on the business model of the web board games transcend the constitutional limits of the regulations of games involving gambling and in the long run fringe constitutional rights. The essential cause of the problem surrounding online games is attributed to exchanging real money into game money outside the system of the game, not in the online web board game itself. Hence, impetuous regulation on indirect charge system of the web board games will substantially shrink the national online game industry, making other competitors from other nations enjoy the benefits.

과거 전기가 발명되기 이전에는 전기에 대한 절도는 생각할 수 없었을 것이나 전력이 생산되고 공급되면서 전력의 도용(盜用)이라고 하는 새로운 형태의 범죄가 출현하였다. 한편 오늘날 GPS의 발달은 경계침범죄의 존속필요성에 대해 의문을 제기하게 한다. 하지만 경계침범죄의 해석상 단순한 경계표의 손괴, 이동 또는 제거만으로는 처벌되지 않고 ‘토지의 경계가 인식불능’하게 되었을 때 처벌된다는 것이 학설과 판례의 태도이다. 특히 경계침범죄는 미수범에 대한 처벌규정이 없다는 점에서 기수시기가 단순손괴죄를 적용하는 경우에 비해 늦추어지는 것은 처벌의 범위를 축소하게 된다는 점에서 여전히 해당 조문은 의미 있다고 판단된다. 1953년 제정된 형법은 일제식민지 이후 한국전쟁까지 거치면서 우리말로 된 법전편찬이 시급한 상황에서 불가피하게 일본개정형법가안을 주된 참고자료로 삼았고, 이는 재산범죄의 행위객체로서 재물과 재산상 이익이 등장하게 된 배경이 되었다. 재물과 재산상 이익이 일본 형법과 일본개정형법가안에 규정되게 된 원류를 찾아보면 프랑스 형법상 물건(chose)에까지 거슬러 올라간다. 프랑스 형법에 있어서 물건은 동산을 지칭하는 것이었으며, 절도죄의 행위태양인 절취는 행위객체의 장소적 이전을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 현재의 절도죄 규정에서 행위객체인 재물 역시 동산에 한정된다고 여겨진다. 다만 타인의 토지를 불법으로 점거하여 주택을 건축하는 경우 등에 대해 부동산침탈죄를 신설하여 넓은 의미에서 부동산에 대한 절도를 처벌할 것인지가 향후 재산범죄 중 절도죄에 관한 장의 개정에서 논의될 필요가 있다고 판단된다. 위와 같은 경계침범죄의 존치 여부, 부동산침탈죄 신설 여부 그리고 재산범죄의 행위객체로서 재물과 재산상의 이익에 대한 해석의 문제가 상대적으로 볼 때 과거와 관련된 논의라고 한다면, 게임아이템, 게임머니 나아가서 전자화폐 등은 재산범죄의 행위객체로 새로 등장하고 있는 부분이라고 할 수 있다. 우리는 가상공간에서 아이디와 패스워드를 입력하여 이용하고자 하는 사이트에 접속하고 관리한다. 이처럼 아이디와 패스워드를 설정하는 까닭은 해당 계정에 대한 타인으로부터의 침입을 막고 배타적으로 지배ㆍ관리하기 위해서라고 할 것이다. 그렇다면 향후 동력에 대한 규정을 일부 수정하여 재물로 간주되는 것의 하나로 사이버재를 추가하는 방안을 모색해 볼만 하다고 여겨진다. 우리는 지불수단으로 현금, 신용카드를 지나 전자화폐를 사용하기에 이르고 있다. 지금까지는 현금은 재물, 예금 채권은 재산상 이익이라고 해석하여 왔으나, 전자화폐가 보편화되어 현금을 대체하는 상황에 이르게 되면 교환가치에 중점이 있는 화폐의 특성이 더욱 두드러지게 될 것이다. 그 외에도 보험사기에 대응하기 위해 보험남용죄를 도입하자는 형법개정안도 제출되고 있으나, 보험남용죄는 사기의 예비단계에 해당하는 행위를 처벌하려는 것으로 그 가벌성에 대한 의문이 제기되고 있음이 확인된다. 더구나 보험금의 부당청구라고 하는 일종의 사기를 목적으로 살인, 상해 등을 한 경우에는 사기죄와 함께 해당 범죄로 처벌하고 있다는 점에서 굳이 사기의 예비단계에 대해 보험남용죄를 신설하여 규율할 필요성을 긍정하기는 어렵다.마지막으로 재산범죄는 재산에 대한 범죄이며 재산은 개인이 보유한 유형의 가치뿐만 아니라 무형의 가치도 포함된다고 볼 때 무체재산, 지적 재산 혹은 지식재산으로 지칭되는 저작권, 특허, 상표, 실용신안, 디자인 등에 대한 침해행위를 처벌하는 실질적 의미의 형법규정들을 형법전 안으로 포섭할 수 있는 가능성 여부를 검토한 바 침해행위의 공통된 유형에 따라 법정형이 유사하게 규정되어 있음을 확인하였다. 그러므로 향후 지식재산권을 침해하는 행위에 대한 형벌규정을 형법전 안으로 충분히 포섭할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

문화부는 웹보드게임 규제 개선안을 담은 시행령 개정안을 발표하여 고시하였다. 그러나 영업질서 규제 조항을 근거로 하는 시행령 개정안도 죄형법정주의 또는 과잉금지의 원칙 위반 가능성이 높다. 즉, 시행령 개정안 역시 사행성방지라는 목적에만 매몰되어 이용자 및 사업자의 권리침해에 대하여 고려하지 않고 등급분류제도 이외의 요소인 영업질서 조항으로 규제하여 게임물의 표현을 제약하고 있다는 점을 미루어 볼 때 문제점이 있다. 이를 심의규정상 등급분류제도의 기준으로 편입한다면 헌법에서 금지하는 사실상 검열에 해당할 것이다. 향후 시행령 개정여부는 규개위와 법제처의 심사가 관건이 될 것이며 게임물의 내용규제에 대한 원칙과 절차를 잠탈하고 있는지 여부, 이용자 권리 제한 우려 등이 주요 쟁점이 될 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 등급분류제도 이외의 요소로 게임의 의사표현을 규제하는 문화부의 사행화방지 대책은 게임사행성 문제의 근본원인을 잘못 파악한 것이며 오히려 타국의 유사서비스만 이득을 보게 하여 국내 웹보드게임산업을 크게 위축시키는 결과를 가져올 것이다. 사행적인 목적으로 이용되는 불법게임콘텐츠물에 대한 사전심의 및 규제는 필요하나 합헌적인 방식으로 이루어져야 하고, 게임사행성 문제 해결방향은 게임 외부에서의 게임머니 환전 문제에 초점이 맞추어지는 것이 바람직하다.

With the expectation that mobile applications for smart devices have potential media to effectively support the performances and social inclusion of persons with ASD, in this study, we suggest application program with game contents suggestions based potential consumer needs assessment. 4 participants who are mother of child with ASD were interviewed to examine children’s needs assessment of app program and game development. Through this interview 5 basic contents menu were suggested that include the following: “I’m Sick.”, “Question list”, “My schedule: visual support”, “Music: auditory support”, “My picture: making personal dictionary”. These contents menu and UI(User Interface) designs were invented using AppInventor program. Developed app program usability test were executed another 15 parents of child with ASD. All usability tests use 5 point likert scale. Finally, we suggest expectation and proposal for future studies.

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the keyword, emotion, in many areas including information technology. Previous research mostly used emotion as the input of the contents or to present the changing contents based on the user's emotional states. In this research, a new platform that allows sharing each other's emotional state and a couple of prototype contents utilizing the platforms are developed. There are two different ways to build such emotion sharing platforms either sharing the emotional states in real-time or not. We used stateless server for the asynchronous emotion sharing, while stateful server is utilized for the real-time emotion sharing. This paper explains the systems architecture of both stateful and stateless servers and describes the prototype applications. Content developers should be able to utilize the platforms developed in this paper.

One of the most important elements in games is 'fun'. According to the Flow theory, when the proper ability and challenge are combined at the optimum shape, game users can reach the stage of 'fun' with being fully absorbed. MMORPG satisfy the users making them have fun, using tools such as vicarious satisfaction by various role performances of various occupational clusters, self-display and diversity of the story through many quests. This study investigates the composition and characteristics of MMORPG, provide a model which calculates game balance according to the occupations and roles of the game characters and verify the validity by applying this model into the actual game. MMORPG is basically based on human behaviors. That is to say, it is possible to make balance evaluation model because the abilities needed for battle and adventure are within our imagination. For example, in the battle, 'power' is needed basically, 'speed' is also needed for quick movement and skillful technique, 'intelligence' and 'wisdom' are needed for more difficult techniques, 'strength' is needed to live on and 'charisma' is needed to make relationships. Thus, general six abilities are available, and based on these, by itemizing the contents composing the battle, the study attempted to provide the final battle balance evaluation model. Therefore, in order to make balance among these offenses and defenses and to compare the figures by unified ones, ICF (Integrated Comparative Figures) is hereby defined.

Tetromino tiling is widely using method in board game, puzzle game and video game areas. Tetromino tiling by exchanging adjacent pair method reveals non-uniform appearance of five type free tetrominoes. We analyze the experimental results of tetromino exchanging method and all possible combinations of two neighboring tetrominoes. We proposed new uniform frequency tetromino tiling method which can equalize the occurrence of each free type tetromino. In our method also can handle arbitrary appearance number of each tetromino. We show the applied results of proposed algorithm.

We propose a technique to implement multi-user game environment based on Android platform using Unity™ without relying on conventional Unity network plug-ins, which are often on a commercial basis. Since our proposed method utilize own native Android™ codes based on the Android SDK to facilitate network communication among game players, the proposed technique provides with higher flexibility and more transparency than general Unity network plug-ins, which are almost impossible to customize. One of our main ideas for implementation is to deploy the Unity binary code and the native Android network implementation as a layer respectively on the Android platform. Based on our method, we have implemented a mobile multi-user game on Android devices. Also, we discuss our technique according to the Unity’s design philosophy, “one code for multi-platforms.”

본 연구는 폭력적 비디오 게임 이용자들을 대상으로 하여, 게임을 하는 동안 느끼는 정서적 경험을 심층 면접으로 탐색하였다. 정 서적 경험은 우리말을 분석한 기존 연구에서 제시된 아홉 개의 기본 정서를 대상으로 하였다. 기본 정서는 기쁨, 긍지, 사랑, 분노, 공포, 연 민, 수치, 좌절, 슬픔이 상정되었다. 심층 면접은 2단계로 구분하여 진 행하였는데, 1차 면접에서는 각각의 정서를 경험할 것으로 예상되는 상황을 선정하였다. 이 과정에서 사랑은 감사로 대치하였다. 2차 면접 에서는 각각의 상황을 제시하고 어떤 정서를 느끼는지 살펴보았다. 2 차 면접에서 슬픔은 직접적으로 표현되지 않아 하위 범주의 정서인 후 회로 대치하였다. 이와 같이 조정이 필요하였으나 대략적으로 폭력적 비디오 게임을 하는 동안 아홉 개의 기본 정서를 풍부하고 다양하게 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 나타난 정서적 상황에 대한 자 료는 추후 몰입, 중독, 폭력성 등의 비디오 게임 연구에서 정서적 역할 을 심층적으로 규명하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.