The structural diversity and localization of cell surface glycosphingolipids (GSLs), including gangliosides, in glycolipid-enriched microdomains (GEMs) render them ideally suited to play important roles in mediating cell recognition, adhesion, interactions, receptor function, and signaling. Gangliosides, sialic acid-containing GSLs, are most abundant in the nerve tissues. The quantity and expression pattern of gangliosides in brain change drastically throughout development and these changes are mainly regulated through stage-specific expression of glycosyltransferase genes. However, roles of gangliosides in neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is unclear. We previously demonstrated for the first time that the glycosyltransferase genes during mouse embryogenesis. So, we investigated the effects of ganglioside gene in differentiation of adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs). GM2 and GD3 ganglioside synthease were increased during neuronal differentiation of AD-MSCs. This study showed that the differentiation of neuronal marker was decreased on the first step of ganglioside synthase UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase(UGCG) and knock downed GM2 sythase (B4GALNT1). The result of suggested that GM2 and GD3 might be important roles in the neural differentiation of mini-pig AD-MSCs. This work was carried out with the funding of the cooperative research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development[Project No. PJ00999901], the Rural Development Adiministration, the KRIBB Research Initiative Program[KGM4251622].

This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic distances and specific DNA makers by the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR method for the Korean native chickens(red plumage, red-line plumage, Ogol) and white leghorn. Genomic DNA was extracted from plumage from chickens after they were slaughtered. The extracted DNA was observed by nano-spectrometer. RAPD analysis was performed using 13 different primers. Statistical analysis was made for the estimation of the genetic distance among the chicken’s and the cluster tree was drawn by using MEGA 5.05 software. Genetic relations among them were determined by RAPD analysis. The polymorphic bands were observed 72% and the rest of 28% was monomorpic. The largest genetic distance (2.266) was found between the native chickens(red, red-line) and the ogol chickens by UPGMAP method and the closest distance was observed between the ogol in korean chickens as expected. The highest genetic distance between them was estimated 2.266 and in the dendrogram analysis, among I and II within cluster II, most of the ogol chickens were in IIB, indicating the expression of the ogol color could be due to original and the ancestral genetic crossing. Thus, this genetic distance can be useful as the differential genomic information in the normal(red plumage, red-line plumage) and ogol of korean native chickens. This work was supported by a grant from the “Livestock Preservation of Genetic Resources", Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Recently, the consumption of chickens meat has been gradually increased in Korea. However, most of the chickens breeds in Korea were imported from overseas. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic distances and single nucleotide polymorphism by the mtDNA D-loop control analysis method for the Korean native chickens(red plumage, red-line plumage, Ogol) and white leghorn. For the initial investigation of the relationships between Korean native chickens(red plumage(KCR), red-line plumage(KCRD), Ogol(KCO)) with white leghorn breeds, the sequences from D-loop control region in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used. The results from phylogenetic analysis indicated that both KNC and white leghorn breeds were classified well with wild duck breeds. However, KCR was not discriminated well with KCRD. The haplotype analysis indicated that KCR and KCO have ten different haplotypes with nineteen SNPs. Three haplotypes (haplotype 1, 2, 3, 5, 17) were shared both in KNC(KCR, KCRD) and KCO. On the other hand, haplotype 4, 6, 7 was appeared only KCR and haplotype 13, 16, 18 were identified only in KCRD population. In addition, haplotype 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 19 was appeared only KCO. With further verifications, the results presented here can be used for the on servation and commercialization of the Korean native chickens. This work was supported by a grant from the “Livestock Preservation of Genetic Resources", Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

The tyrosinase (TYR) genes have been accepted as major genes involved in the plumage pigmentation of chickens. Tyrosinase (TYR) gene is located on chromosome 1 in chicken and it is composed of five exons and four introns. TYR gene is described as a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. Especially, most examples of color patterns in chicken have been due to differential in the tyrosinase gene. This study was conducted to the association of feather color and sequence polymorphism in the Tyrosinase(TYR) gene was investigated using Korean native chickens(red plumage, red-line plumage, Ogol = KNC) and white leghorn(WL). From WL and KNC breed analyses, 232 differential SNPs were detected in 4th exon and 4th intron of TYR gene respectively. The genotype frequencies for 50 SNPs were compared between KCR, KCRD and KCO represented homozygous SNP types in all the analyzed SNP positions while KNC displayed various SNP types. In this study, we conclude that the variation of a wild type sequence in intron 4 of the tyrosinase gene is pigmentation of the original native chickens in korean. This work was supported by a grant from the “Livestock Preservation of Genetic Resources", Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

disease is a characterized by cognitive impairment, progressive neurodegeneration and formation of amyloid-β (Aβ)-containing plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In progress of disease, inflammation plays major role to lead the neuronal death. Previously Serum amyloid A (SAA1), one of the acute-phase proteins, was examined and found that this liver derived protein pass through the brain blood barrier (BBB). By making double transgenic mice through the crossing over APP c105 mice, produce amyloid beta1-42 in brain as a pathogen, and SAA1 overexpression mice confirm the SAA exacerbate inflammation that triggered by amyloid beta accumulation in brain. Followed behavior test also shows double transgenic mice have more damage in memory than the APP mouse that only designed to express the amyloid beta 1-42.

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase response protein in the liver, and SAA1 is the major precursor protein involved in amyloid A amyloidosis. This amyloidosis has been reported as a complication in chronic inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, lupus, and Crohn's disease. Obesity is also associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation and sustained, elevated levels of SAA1. However, the contribution of elevated circulating SAA1 to metabolic disturbances and their complications is unclear. Furthermore, in several recent studies of transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing SAA1 that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for a relatively short period, no relationship was found between SAA1 up-regulation and metabolic disturbances. Therefore, we generated TG mice overexpressing SAA1 in the liver, challenged these mice with an HFD, and investigated the influence of elevated SAA1 levels. Sustained, elevated levels of SAA1 were correlated with metabolic parameters and local cytokine expression in the liver following 16 weeks on the HFD. Moreover, prolonged consumption (52 weeks) of the HFD was associated with impaired glucose tolerance and elevated SAA1 levels and resulted in systemic SAA1-derived amyloid deposition in the kidney, liver, and spleen of TG mice. Thus, we concluded that elevated SAA1 levels under long-term HFD exposure result in extensive SAA1-derived amyloid deposits, which may contribute to the complications associated with HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders.

Tet1 is well known initiatior of DNA demethylation by converting 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in CpG-rich regions of the brain. There have been studies using Tet1-KO mice about adult neurogenesis, cognition and memory extinction, it is still unclear whether Tet1 overexpression is beneficial for CNS networks. Thus in this study, Tet1 overexpression TG mice were developed and behavioral phenotypes were analyzed with related gene studies. Most of all, they showed anxiety-like behaviors and improved memories with increased immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Hence, they showed increased immediate-early gene levels (c-Fos, Arc, Egr-1, and BDNF), activation of intracellular calcium signaling (CamKII, ERK, and CREB) and changes in the expression of GABA receptor subunits (GABRA2, and GABRA4) in several brain regions. By overexpressing Tet1 in NB41A3 cells, effect of Tet1 overexpression on intracellular calcium levels with higher Egr-1 promoter activity was evaluated. These findings suggests Tet1 overexpression affects excitatory synaptic networks via activating NMDAR-dependent calcium signaling which leads to dysregulation of inhibitory synaptic networks. Also, it implies chronic and excessive activation of intraneuronal calcium signaling by Tet1 leads to behavioral differences in mice. Additionally, it suggests Tet1 overexpression in the PFC, hippocampus, and amygdala contributes as both beneficial and harmful for neural networks in differing aspects.

Cluster-of-differentiation antigen 9 (CD9) gene expressed in the male germ line stem cells is crucial for sperm–egg fusion, and was therefore selected as candidate gene for boar semen motility and kinematic characteristics. This study was performed to investigatetheir association with semen motility and kinematic characteristics. DNA samples from 96 Duroc pigs with records of sperm motility and kinematic characteristics [Total motile spermatozoa (MOT), Curvilinear velocity(VCL), Straight-line velocity(VSL), the ratio between VSL and VCL(LIN), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement(ALH)] were used in present study. A single nucleotide polymorphism (g.358A>T) in intron 6 was associated with MOT, VCL, VAP and ALH in Duroc population (p < 0.05). Therefore, we suggest that the porcine CD9 may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar semen quality, although its functional effect was not clear yet. These results will improve the understanding of the functions of the CD9 in spermatogenesis within the reproductive tracts, and will shed light on CD9 as a candidate gene in the selection of good sperm quality boars.

For evaluating the boar semen quality, sperm motility (MOT) is an important parameter because the movement of spermatozoa indicates active metabolism, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. Estrogen receptors 2(ESR2) is involved in estrogen related apoptosis in cell cycle spermatogenesis, but their functions have not been confirmed in pig until now. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze their association with sperm motility and kinematic characteristics. DNA samples from 105 Duroc pigs with records of semen motility and kinematic characteristics [Total motile spermatozoa (MOT), Curvilinear velocity(VCL), Straight-line velocity(VSL), the ratio between VSL and VCL(LIN), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement(ALH)] were analyzed. A SNP in coding region of ESR2 g.35547A > G in exon 5 was associated with MOT (p < 0.05) in Duroc population. Therefore, we suggest that the porcine ESR2 gene may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar semen quality, although its functional effects were not defined yet. These results might shed new light on the roles of ESR2 in spermatogenesis as candidate gene for boar fertility, but still the lack of association across populations should be considered.

For evaluating the boar semen quality, sperm motility (MOT) is an important parameter because the movement of spermatozoa indicates active metabolism, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. Phospholipase C zeta (PLCz) is important enzyme in spermatogenesis, but their effect has not been confirmed in pigs yet. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze their association with sperm motility and kinematic characteristics. DNA samples from 124 Duroc pigs with records of sperm motility and kinematic characteristics [Total motile spermatozoa (MOT), Curvilinear velocity (VCL), Straight-line velocity (VSL), the ratio between VSL and VCL (LIN), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement (ALH)] were subjected. A SNP in non-coding region of PLCz g.158 A > C was associated with MOT (p < 0.05), VCL (p < 0.01), LIN (p < 0.01) and ALH (p < 0.05) in Duroc population. Therefore, we suggest that the intron region of the porcine PLCz gene may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar semen quality, although its functional effect was not defined yet. Whether the association is due to the candidate gene or not require further verification. Thus, it will be of interest to continue association studies in the regions surrounding those genes.

국내 경주마의 승용마로 전환에 있어서 가장 큰 문제 중 하나인 침착하고 온순한 성격의 말 을 조기에 판정이 필요하고, 특히 crib biting같은 행동을 보이는 사나운 성격의 말을 조기에 제 거하는 선발 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 성격적으로 민감하고 난폭한 그룹과 온순한 성격 의 말을 구분 지을 수 있는 유전적 특성을 파악하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 말의 성격적 특성을 구분 지을 수 있는 유전적 변이를 찾기 위해서 기존에 포유동물의 성격적 특징과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려진 유전자 후보군 71개를 선발하였다. 71개 유전자 중, 말 참조 유전체에 이미 존재 하는 16개 유전자와 인간 참조 유전체를 기반으로 말에서 찾은 orthologous gene 17개를 합하여 총 33개 성격관련 유전자를 선정하였다. 선정된 33개 유전자의 exon 부분에 probe를 제작하여 목표로 하는 유전자만 추출한 후 Illumina Hiseq2500을 이용하여 whole exome sequencing을 진 행하였다. Whole exome sequencing 결과로 얻어진 데이터를 이용하여 sanger validation기법을 통해 SNPs분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 33개의 유전자 중 androgen recptor gene (AR)과 dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4)유전자에서 유전적으로 성격에 차이가 크게 나타난 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 유 전자를 활용한다면 말 사육 농가의 조기 말 성격 검사를 통하여 사육 방향을 선택할 수 있는 경 제적 이득을 취할 수 있을 것으로 예측되며, 향후 추가적인 유전자 분석이 완료 된다면 현장에서 신속하게 사용할 수 있는 키트 개발등이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

TPR(체온, 심박수, 호흡수) 및 혈액 검사는 인간뿐만 아니라 동물의 건강상태와 질병 진단에 폭넓게 이용되고 있고, 말에서는 건강상태와 운동능력의 평가에 중요한 분야이다. 국내에 가장 많은 사육두수를 점유하고 있는 한라마(제주산마)에 대한 운동저항성에 대한 조사보고가 없었 다. 본 연구에서는 한라마의 운동 시간에 따른 TPR과 혈액검사를 통하여 운동저항성을 평가하 고자 실시하였다. 시험축은 한라대학교(제주)에서 관리 중인 한라마 5두를 이용하였으며, 각각 운동방법(평보, 속보)와 시간(5분, 10분, 20분)에 따른 TPR과 혈액화학치를 분석하였다. 혈액화 학치는 근육 운동과 관련성이 높은 Creatine kinase(CK), Ca ionaized, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Lactic acid, Cortisol 및 Aldosterone을 분석하였다. 각각 결과는 mean±SD 로 나타냈으며, 통계처리는 t-test를 이용하였고 p<0.05 수준에서 유의성 검정을 하였다. 평보 지속시간(5분, 10분, 20분)에 따른 체온과 심박수는 각각 37.2 – 37.8℃ 및 45.3 – 52.0회/분 로 차이가 없었다. 하지만 호흡수는 운동전이 평균 28.8회/분에서 운동시작 후 33.8회/분 로 유의하 게 증가하였으나(p<0.05), 운동시간 경과에 따른 차이는 없었다(평균 32.5 – 33.8회/분). 속보 운 동시 체온은 운동전이 37.6℃으나 운동시작 후 평균 38.1℃이상, 심박수도 운동전 44.5회/분에서 10분 운동 후 49.3회/분, 호흡수도 운동전 31.0회/분에서 10분 운동 후 38.3회/분으로 유의하게 상승하였다(p<0.05). 한편 혈액화학치는 운동 강도와 지속시간에 따라 으로 CK 302.25 – 372.50, Ca ionaized 1.37 – 1.46, Calcium 12.05 – 12.22, Phosphorus 2.30-2.48, Sodium 100.84 – 137.25, Potassium 3.58 – 4.55, Lactic acid 0.70 – 1.06, Cortisol 6.67 – 7.88 및 Aldosterone 0.68 – 2.05 수준으로 차이가 없었다. 향후 다양한 운동강도에 따른 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Embryo transfer (ET) has been applied to many species, which also useful tools for genetic improvement in horses. ET enables to produce a multiple foals from one donor mare in the same breeding season. However, there have been no reports describing equine embryo transfer performed in Korea. In the present study, we performed an equine embryo collection and transfer procedure for the first time. We examined the embryo collection and pregnancy, size of embryo during the incubation period after collection, and progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17ß (E2) concentrations in mare’s serum at embryo collection and transfer. A total of 16 donors responded to estrus synchronization; estrus was induced in 12 donors and 4 recipients, and artificial insemination was successful in 10 donors and six blastocysts were collected from donors. Of these blastocysts, we monitored the size of blastocysts for 3 day during incubation and transferred 2 blastocysts to a recipient, with 1 successful pregnancy and foal achieved. The dimensions of equine embryo at day 7 to day 9 were 409 μm, 814 μm and 1,200 μm. The serum P4 and E2 concentrations were 7.91±0.37 ng/μL and 45.45±12.65 ng/μL in the donor mare, and 16.06±3.27 ng/μL and 49.13±10.09 ng/μL in the recipient mare.

소 바이러스성 설사병(BVD)은 바이러스 감염에 의하여 발생하는 소의 전염병으로 소 화관 점막의 궤양과 설사, 호흡기 병변 등을 유발하며 심할 경우에는 폐사를 일으키는 질 병이다. 본 질병의 원인체는 Flaviviridae의 pestivirus속으로 분류되는 RNA 바이러스로 일반적으로 소 바이러스성 설사병 바이러스(BVDV) 라고 부른다. 본 질병의 대표적인 임 상증상은 설사를 나타내지만 기침 콧물 등 호흡기증상과 구강점막의 궤양 상피세포 탈락 등을 나타낼 수 있으며, 임신한 소에서는 유산과 사산을 일으키거나 선천성 기형우와 허 약우 분만을 야기하기도 한다. 따라서 전 세계적으로 BVDV 감염에 의한 피해가 보고되 고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한우 BVD 예방을 위하여 분만예정우에 BVDV 혼합백신 접종과 분만 후 송아지에 초유로 이행한 백신접종 이행항체 특성, 그리고 신생송아지의 백신접종에 따른 항체 형성을 확인해 보았다. 임신한우 28두에 분만 예정일 6주 전 BVDV 혼합백신(CattlemasterⓇ 4, Zoetis, U.S.A)를 접종과 동시에 채혈을 하였고 이후 분만 3주 전 채혈하였다. 예방접종한 임신우에서 태어난 신생송아지 28두에서 분만 6시간 이내, 48시간, 1주, 4주, 8주, 12주, 16주 20주, 24주, 28주 32주 채혈을 하였다. 또한 28두 신생송아지에서 8주와 12주에는 채혈과 동시에 BVDV 백신을 접종하였다. 채혈 혈청의 BVDV 항체 분석(BVDV Antibody Test Kit, IDEXX, U.S.A)결과 분만 후 48시간에 가 장 높은 항체역가를 나타내었고 20주까지 지속적으로 감소하다가 24주에 소폭 상승을 나타내었다. 8주 12주 백신접종과 상관없이 20주까지 지속적인 항체가 감소 확인 후, 백 신접종 적정시기를 확인해 보기 위하여 총 61두의 신생송아지에 20주에서 32주까지 4주 간격으로 백신접종을 하였다. 처리1) 15두에 BVDV 백신을 분만 20주에 1차, 24주에 2 차 접종과 채혈 후 28주에 채혈을 하였다. 처리2) 16두에 24주에 1차, 28주에 2차 백신 접종과 채혈 후 32주에 채혈을 하였다. 처리3) 15두에는 28주에 1차, 32주에 2차 백신접 종과 채혈 후 36주에 채혈을 하였다. 처리4) 15두에는 32주에 1차, 36주에 2차 백신접종 과 채혈 후 40주에 채혈을 하였다. 채혈혈액 항체분석 결과 1∼2차 백신접종 후 4주까지 지속적인 항체 감소는 처리1에서 3두, 처리2에서 5두, 처리3에서 3두, 처리4에서 0두로 나타났다.

The mammary gland is a complex organ, made up of various cell types that work together for mil synthesis. A previous study had established a clonal cell line from primary bovine mammary alveolar cells (MAC-T) for the study of bovine milk production and synthesis. In this study, we transplanted MAC-T bovine alveolar cell line to BALB/C nude mice for regeneration of bovine mammary gland alveolar ducts. The MAC-T cells were suspended with matrigel and injected into the dorsal tissue of 8 weeks old male BALB/C nude mice. After 6 weeks, the injected cells were showed typical morphology of the tubuloalveolar female glands by histological analysis. It was made the branching ducts that were surrounded by smooth muscle with small alveoli budding off the ducts. In addition, the epithelial markers CK14 and CK18 were expressed within the duct-like structure. Prolactin was detected in the duct interior in these CK14 and CK18 positive cells but not in the non-transplanted MAC-T cells. These results showed that duct-like tissue had been successfully formed after 6 weeks of transplantation of the CK14 and CK18 positive MAC-T cells into mice dorsal tissue. This mouse model will be a useful tool for further research on the bovine mammary gland.

Early pregnancy results in th production of various signal molecules such as steroids, prostaglandins, and many protein factors. The proteins especially produced by the placenta have been used to detect pregnancy for many years in other species. More recently, pregnancy-specific protein B, which is a placental glycoprotein can be measured by RIA or proteomic methods in serum of pregnant cow. And 2D Fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) is an emerging technique for comparative proteomics, which improves the reproducibility and reliability of differential protein expression analysis between samples. For this reason, we are analyzed serum of bovine. The purpose of this study was to apply DIGE technique for identification of bovine pregnancy-specific proteins using bovine pregnant and non-pregnant serum samples. Serums of 2 pregnant Holstein dairy cattle at day 21 after AI and those of 2 non-pregnant were used in this study. The molecular weight and charge matched cyanine dyes enable pre-electrophoretic labeling of non-pregnancy and pregnant serum proteins which are then mixed and labeled with Cy2 were used as an internal standard. Two pools of proteins are labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 fluorescent dyes, respectively. Labeled proteins with Cy2, Cy3 and Cy5 mixed together and separated in same gel and then were detected by fluorescence image analyzer. The 2D DIGE analysis using fluorescence CyDye flour showed higher sensitivity and better reproducible results than conventional 2D gel electrophoresis. Approximately 1,500 protein spots were detected by 2D DIGE. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometer. Total 16 protein spots differentially expressed in the pregnant serum were detected, among which 7 spots were up-regulated proteins identified as conglutinin precursor, modified bovine fibrinogen, IgG1 etc, and 6 spots were down-regulated proteins identified as hemoglobin, complement component 3, bovine fibrinogen, IgG2a etc. These results indicated that DIGE system could be advantageous for the analysis of serum proteomics diversified by physiological conditions.

Swine industry has been focusing selection of excellent breeding pigs for post decades. This result is created to superior breeding sows with larger litter size, which are leads to low birth weight piglets (LBW) because of intrauterine growth retardation. The LBW on development of pigs have well known to postpone growth performance and to disrupt body metabolisms than normal birth weight piglets (NBW). However, effect of LBW on reproductive functions is very not documented. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify effect of birth weight on reproductive function in the LBW compared with normal birth weight piglets (NBW) by RNA sequencing and pathway studio. The experimental animals utilized 3d old LBW (0.96±95.07 kg, n=4) and NBW (1.69±83.39 kg, n=4). The differentially expressed genes were approximately 800 genes above 2 fold. The genes were related to steroid hormone synthesis, estrogen receptors signaling and growth and proliferation of cells. These results may be suggested to affect development of reproductive organ. However, our data are restricted using young experimental animals.

Precise determination of insemination time is an important factor. However, the detection is intensive labor observing behaviors of sows. Previous researchers have tried to find indicators for easy detection of optimum time of insemination. The one of the indicators is change of temperature for estrous cycle. Therefore, this study was conducted to determined alteration of vulvar and rectal temperature in Duroc sows during estrus period for detection of optimum time of insemination. Experimental animals were twelve Duroc sows 2 parity for winter season. The sows were feeding 5 ml regumate (estrus synchronization agent) during 15 days, and then measured temperature of vulva and rectum when half day by thermal camera and thermometer. Also, conventional method was utilized as control. By the conventional method, estrus was identified at four days after ending supply of regumate. At the same time, temperature of the vulva and rectum was higher than other days. Average temperature in valva and rectum was 38.8 ℃ in estrous sows, wherease non-estrous sows were 38.7℃. This difference of temperature suggested feasibility as indicator inseminating optimum time. Henceforward, ummanned estrous detection system can be useful by economic improvement via reduction of labor in swine farm.

본 연구는 Jeju crossbred(제주마×더러브렛) 12개월령 체형 형질에 대한 말의 3번 염 색체 단일염기변이 효과를 분석하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 연구의 공시축은 국립축산과학 원 난지축산연구소에서 육성 중인 Jeju crossbred 육성마 199 두(2010년～2015년 출생)를 이용하였다. 공시축은 농후사료(열량 3,825kcal/kg, CP 16.5%)를 체중의 1.2～1.5% 공급 하였으며, 조사료(톨페스큐, 오차드그라스, 이탈리안라이그라스)는 자유 급여하였다. 채혈 은 경정맥을 통해 채혈하여 genomic DNA 분리 후 단일염기변이 유전자형 결정에 이용 하였다. 체형은 12개월령 시점에 체중(Weight), 두장(Head length), 체고(Wither height), 배고(Back height), 고고(Rump height), 체장(Body length), 흉심(Chest depth), 흉폭 (Chest width), 요폭(Back width), 고장(Rump length), 흉위(Chest girth), 전관위(Shank circumference) 그리고 곤폭(Rump width)을 측정하였다. 단일염기변이 (BIEC2-808466, BIEC2-808543, BIEC2-808967, BIEC2-809370)의 유전자형 결정을 위해 중합효소연쇄반 응 및 Pyrosequencer를 이용하였다. 단일염기변이의 유전자형 빈도 및 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium은 CERVUS(version 3.0.3) software를 이용하여 분석하였다. 체형측정치와 담일염기변이 유저자형 효과 추정을 위해 R 통계 패키지(version 3.0.3)를 이용하여 공분 산분석을 하였으며, 유전자형 그룹 간 비교는 P<0.05 수준에서 Turky 검정을 하였다. 통계분석에 이용된 모형은 다음과 같다.            여기 서   : 체형 형질 관측치, μ : 전체 평균, BYi : 출생 연도의 효과, BMj : 출생 개월 의 효과, Sk : 성별의 효과, Pl : 산차의 효과, Gm : 유전자형 효과, eijklm : 임의 오차를 나타낸다. 12개월령 육성마의 평균 체중은 193.7±24.5㎏이었으며, 체고는 124.5±4.0㎝였다. Jeju crossbred(제주마×더러브렛)의 12개월령 체고는 더러브렛 12개월령 체고 145.0±3.0㎝의 85% 수준으로 확인되었다. 분석에 이용된 4종의 단일염기변이의 miner 대립유전인자 빈 도는 0.01～0.291로 확인되어 유전적 다형성이 낮았다. 공변량 중 성별과 산차는 출생연도 와 출생월보다 체형 측정치에서 영향이 낮은 것으로 확인됐다. 12개월령 체형 13종에 대 한 4종의 단일염기변이의 효과를 분석한 결과 BIEC2-808967 단일염기변이는 체장에서 연관관계를 확인할 수 있었으며(P<0.05), BIEC2-809370 단일염기변이에서는 체고, 배고, 고고에서 연관관계를 확인할 수 있었다(P<0.05). BIEC2-808543 단일염기변이는 체고, 체장, 흉위, 전관위에 대한 연관관계가 있는 것으로 보고되었으나 본 연구에서는 BIEC2-808543 단일염기변이 중 체형을 증가시키는 C 대립유전인자 빈도가 0.01로 낮게 나타나 연관성 분석이 무의미하였다. 본 연구결과 Jeju crossbred에서 3번 염색체 단일염기변이는 12개월령 체형에 대해 연관 관계가 있는 것으로 사료되며 성장단계에 따른 추가의 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

난자생검(Ovum pick up, 이하 OPU) 기법은 유효축군 조기확보 및 우수한우 유전자 원의 조기증식, 희소유전자원 다량확보를 위해 매우 중요한 기법으로 주목받고 있다. 이 러한 OPU기술에는 체외배양기술 외에도 현장의 환경과 시기에 따라 회수되는 난자의 수 역시 중요하다. 현재, 가축센터에서는 한우의 유전자 다양성 확보를 위한 일반 한우 외에 도 희소한우 증식을 위한 연구를 진행 중에 있다. 본 연구는 OPU기법을 활용하여 가축 유전자원센터에서 보유중인 한우 또는 칡소를 대상으로 계절별 및 모색별로 난포란의 개 수와 난자회수율의 차이를 비교 · 검토하고자 실험을 진행하였다. 실험시기는 3월에서 5 월(봄), 6월에서 8월(여름), 9월부터 11월(가을)까지 구분하여 실시하였으며, 계절별 및 모 색별로 채취되는 난자의 개수와 회수율을 분석을 하였다. 봄에는 8.20±6.57, 여름에는 5.47±4.01, 가을에는 5.88±3.65개가 회수되었으며, 또한 계통별로는 가을에 실시한 결과 한 우는 6.40±6.15개, 칡소는 2.75±0.55개가 회수되었다. 그리고, 계통별로 수정란발달률은 한 우는 난할률이 25.0±44.4%, 배반포발달률이 6.3±50.0%, 칡소의 경우 난할률이 27.3±21.0%, 배반포발달률이 9.1±16.7%로 나타났다. 계절별로 OPU를 실시한 결과 여름, 가을경에 실 시하는 것에 비해서 봄에 실시를 하였을 경우 회수되는 난자의 수가 많은 것으로 확인을 하였다. 그리고, 현재 일반한우가 칡소에 비해서 회수되는 난자가 더 많은 것으로 확인되 었다. 이에 반하여 난할률 및 배반포발달률은 차이가 없는 것으로 확인되었으나, 향후 실 험진행에 따라 정확한 결과를 도출할 것으로 사료된다.