Nitrogen (N) impact directly to growth and yield of plants. N loss has occurred every where in the world, it is not only serious problem in agriculture but also in environment. N loss can be caused by erosion, runoff, leaching or by many other factors. This experiment was conducted in green house as modeling with pots. The pot is 50 cm of height, 30 cm of diameter and with a tap at near the bottom for drainage. All pots were fill up of soil as natural horizontal. We use 3 types of soil as paddy soil, upland soil and sandy upland soil. The plant materials were used such as: hot Pepper, Soybean and Rye. We conducted 3 treatments of fertilizer in this experiment with N: 5; 10; 20kg/10a. Every treatment was recycling with 3 times of all drained water. The uptakes of plant nutrients at the first cycle were low and with small amount, almost nutrient were kept in soil and leaching by drained water. Every recycled nutrients was reduced in content of drained water but plant increasing absorbability, it means nutrient use efficiency has been improved. In this experiment the total N reduction after the first cycle was 50% and decreased to 10% after the third recycle. Nutrient loss by leaching depends on the soil type and recycling time. In this experiment, leaching capacity of sandy upland soil was higher than paddy soil and lowest was upland soil. The nutrient contents of drained water of sandy upland soil were more than 25mg at the 3rd recycle, it is still high compare with paddy soil and upland soil. If only use fertilizer for 1st cycle almost fertilizer would be leached to underground water or by the path way as a cause of environmental pollution and furthermore we could save application amount of N fertilizer.

AtHMA3 is one of P1B-ATPase of Arabidopsis thaliana which transports and/or stores Cd and Pb in the plant cell. To test whether AtHMA3 can be used to develop enhanced resistance plant to Cd and Pb for phytoremediation, we overexpressed AtHMA3 in Columbia-0 using a pBI121vector containing the 35S promoter. To evaluate their Cd and Pb resistance, seeds of three different T3 homozygous(HMA3-1~3) and wild type plants(col-0) were germinated and grown on agar plates containing 50μM Cd, 500μM Pb and 50μM Cd+ 500μM Pb for 3 weeks. 35S::AtHMA3 grew better than wild type plants about 1.1-to 1.8-fold in Cd or Pb containg mediums. Fresh weights of all three lines of transgenic plants were 1.2-to 1.5-fold higher than those of wild type plants in Cd or Pb-containing medium. In addition to, we measured Cd and Pb content in both wild type and transgenic plants grown in solution with 50μM Cd, 500μM Pb and 50μM Cd+ 500μM Pb for 6 d. AtHMA3-overexpressing plants had consistently higher Cd and Pb contents than wild type plants. Chlorophyll contents were not significant difference between overlines and wild-types. These results show that HMA3 contributes to Cd and Pb resistance, and it might be useful for the phytoremediation.

본시험은 콩을 파종한 직후에 발생되는 조류의 피해양상 및 조류 피해경감 방법을 찾고자 수행하였다. 콩파종 후 방조망을 피복한 다음 파종기, 출현기, 자엽전개기, 초엽전개기에 방조망을 제거하여 피해양상을 살펴 본 결과 종자섭식, 종자발출, 자엽섭식, 생장점 가해 등의 양상으로 나타났다. 가해시기별 피해양상은 파종 후부터 새 피해에 노출된 처리에서는 종자섭식, 출현기에 방조망을 제거한 처리에서는 종자섭식과 종자발출, 자엽전개기와 초엽전개기에 방조망을 제거한 처리에서는 자엽 섭식과 생장점 가해 피해가 많았다. 조류퇴치 방법으로는 조류 혐오음 발생기, 맹금류 모빌, 송풍식 풍선 인형, 견사류, Thiram제제와 방향성 살충제 등의 효과를 검토한 결과, 조류 혐오음 발생기와 맹금류 모빌처리는 멧비둘기가 주로 가해하는 산간지에서는 효과가 우수했으나, 야생화 된 집비둘기가 피해를 주는 소도시나 주거지에 인접한 들녘에서는 효과가 낮았다. 송풍식 풍선인형은 반경 40m까지도 효과가 우수했으며, 타이머를 이용하여 파상적으로 작동시키면 파종 후 피해가 많은 초엽기까지는 학습효과에 의해 피해경감효과가 저하되는 현상을 막을 수 있었다. 방향성 살충제류를 이용한 조류 피해 경감 효과는 본 시험의 결과에서는 매우 낮거나 거의 없었다. 콩 재배면적별로 적합한 조류의 퇴치방법은 Thiram제제 종자 분의처리를 기본적으로 실천하고 대규모 집단재배지에서는 조류 혐오음 발생기와 맹금류 모빌을 조합한 방법이나 송풍식 풍선 인형을 이용한 퇴치방법이, 중･소농 규모에서는 은박테이프를 이용한 방법이 효과가 우수하고 경제적인 것으로 나타났다.

Changing climate could be effect on the growth of soybean and seed yield, so we evaluated newly developed soy cultivars in the point of the physiological characteristics by changing temperature and light intensity in the phytotron. Two soy cultivars evaluated in three temperature levels (T1, 20/15; T2, 25/20; T3, 30/25oC at day/night) the pot experiment in phytotron between winter and spring in 2006 and spring and summer in 2007. Increased temperature from T1 to T2 and T2 to T3 enhanced crop growth parameters greatly and shortened growth duration and increased seed yield, however, grown in winter and spring enhanced too much plant height, so plant stems were very slim and weak and it resulted in the lodging problem. In this results we can estimate warming in Korean peninsular which might be increase temperature with low light intensity, so plant breeders and physiologists should be develop improved lodging resistance cultivars under low light intensity and high temperature.

Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae), is one of major oilseed crops commonly cultivated cereal-growing areas after the rice harvest in Asia countries, has recently focused much attention as its seed is the primary source for bio-diesels. In rapeseed growing regions of South Korea, typical double-cropping regions are constantly or periodically received with poorly drained soil condition or encountered dried soil condition during the reproductive stage. This study was conducted on rapeseed plants subjected to both waterlogging and drought conditions for 4 days to investigate responses in physiological characteristics, fatty acid compositions and yield performances at reproductive stage. The treatments were thus as follows: (1) control normally irrigated, (2) waterlogging treatment were flooded by placing their pots inside larger plastic pots filled with tap water with a 2-cm water layer over soil surface, (3) drought treatment was not irrigated. For recovery period, rapeseed plants subjected to waterlogging for 4 days were drained after waterlogging, and irrigated daily as control. Drought treatment after recovery period was irrigated daily as control. Rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of waterlogging and drought treated plants significantly decreased within 4 days. For recovery period, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate of the waterlogged and drought treated plants occurred level similar to that of the controls by 2 days after recovery period. Fatty acid compositions of the both waterlogging and drought treated plants did not affect, but yield performances of the waterlogging treatment significantly decreased. These results suggest that both waterlogging and drought conditions for 4 days did not influence fatty acid compositions, but affected yield performance at final harvest.

Changing climate, especially water content(WC) and CO2 (CD) concentration could be effect on the growth of soybean and seed yield. So we evaluated the effects of WC and CD on the physiological characteristics of newly developed soy cultivars in growth chamber. Ten soy cultivars evaluated in three [CO2] levels (CD1, 350; CD2, 500; CD3, 700ppm) and three water content (WC1: 30%, WC2: 40, WC3: 50%) in the pot in growth chamber. Increased [CO2] from 350 to 500 and 500 to 700ppm enhanced crop growth parameters greatly and grain yield, however, grown in CD3 enhanced plant height increasing speed, and shortened growing duration, however, they were grow very weakly and it resulted in lodging problem. High soil water content (WC3) hampered growth and yield of soybean in three CD treatments and the degree was lower in CD1 and CD2 than CD3. In this results we can conclude increasing [CO2] in Korean peninsular might be decrease lodging resistance, especially high moisture content, so, plant breeders and physiologists need to develop improved lodging resistance cultivars under high water content and high CO2 content.

The control of earliness has an agronomic importance since it reduces growing and harvesting time. Earliness is controlled by multiple genes in multiple pathways and influenced by the environment. In Arabidopsis thaliana, many earliness related genes were identified. Among them, Arabidopsis Frigida (FRI) gene confers late flowering phenotype, which is reversed to earliness by vernalization. Blast search using FRI against soybean EST database at TIGR identified Isoflavone reductase-like gene (TC217830). Fifty seven SNPs were identified in a total of 4,242 bp lengths in genomic region of Isoflavone reductase-like from 62 soybean genotypes (31 early maturity group and 31 late maturity group). From the obtained sequences, we identified 6 haplotypes of Isoflavone reductase-like gene. Among them, three haplotypes showed a significant association with maturity, suggesting that Isoflavone reductase-like gene is tightly linked to flowering time or actual gene it-self. Thus, to delimit a putative genomic region for maturity and flowering time, SSR markers near Isoflavone reductase-like gene were designed and analyzed for their genetic diversity, assuming that highly selected regions might posses lower genetic diversity. Through these experiments, the region related to maturity and flowering was delimited to nearby ac_satc_4 in scaffold 16.

MADS-box genes encode a family of transcription factors which involve in diverse developmental processes in flowering plants. Because flowering time determines the timing of transition from vegetative to reproductive stage and time to harvest, it would be a significant trait not only to plant it-self but also to breeders. The sequences and gene structures of Arabidopsis MADS-box genes are conserved in model legumes. However, complex genome structure, in soybean, makes it difficult to identify actual genes related to flowering and maturity, although QTL researches have been generally conducted. Therefore, we hypothesized that putative MADS-box genes around the flowering time and maturity QTLs would be candidate genes for those loci. In this study, after surveying 84 QTLs highly associated with maturity and flowering, the QTLs were selected if they were located near 473 putative MADS-box genes. Finally, we found the highly associated 16 SNPs at non-coding region of the putative MADS-box gene around the QTL in 28 late maturity cultivars and 28 early maturity cultivars. Furthermore, by comparing genetic diversity in the cultivated soybeans of late and early maturity groups as well as 20 wild soybeans, selection pattern during domestication was predicted.

Awn, one of the domestication-related traits in rice might play an important role in seed dispersal. In a previous study, one major QTL, awn8 was detected on chromosome 8 using 120 RILs and 62 ILs derived from a cross between Hwayeongbyeo and O. rufipogon Griff. (Acc. W1944). We developed 140 BC1F3, 341 BC1F4 and 1533 BC1F5 plants from selfing of one plant selected from former generation. Each of selected plant was Hwayeongbeyo/W1944 heterozygous in the target region of chromosome 8. The Target marker(RM256) significantly linked to awn8 explained 60.3% of the total phenotypic variance in BC1F4 generations and the W1944 allele increased awn length. Using several substitution mapping, The awn8 QTL could be narrow down to the interval between RM23338-RM5485, with a distance of about 85.29kb. Total of ten genes were predicted in this region. At the same time, 34 BC3F5 lines were developed as the diverse NILs on chromosme 8. Using these NILs, One QTL for primary branch was detected in the target region and W1944 allele increased branch number. Characterization of the awn8 QTL would contribute the understanding of rice domestication and evolution and additional experiment would be need to be clarified whether awn8 and pb8 was due to linkage drag of independent genes or pleiotropic effect of the same gene.

Expressed sequence taqs (ESTs) have accepted to be a valuable tool for discovering single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in many species. For detection putative SNPs in soybean genome, approximately 90,000 EST sequences from genotype Williams 82 were downloaded from NCBI. The paralog sequences of these ESTs were distinguished by TGI clustering tools (TGICL) performing megablast and EST cluster analysis, and the EST clusters were used as reference sequences for detection putative SNPs by in silico. The EST clusters were aligned with EST sequence from other cultivars of soybean by Polybase (computer software). The results revealed that putative SNPs were distributed in 5,677 clusters with frequency of 1 SNP per 333 nucleotide sites. For SNP validation, 43 primer pairs were designed from EST clusters containing putative SNPs for sequencing genomic DNA of Williams 82, Harosoy, Peking, Pureunkong, Jinpumkong 2, Hwangkeumkong and IT182932. From results of sequencing PCR, we totally found 99 SNPs from 33 primer pairs. Twenty-three and 47 out of 99 SNPs showed polymorphisms between Pureunkong and Jinpumkong 2, and Hwangkeumkong and IT182932, respectively. The SNPs discovered from this study can be used for genetic mapping in the four genotypes of soybean.

Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major insect pest of tropical indica and temperate japonica rice in Asia and Africa. A major BPH resistance gene, Bph18 derived from IR65482-7-216-1-2 has been fine mapped on chromosome 12 and confers strong resistance to the Korean biotype of BPH. The Bph18 gene is tightly linked to the STS marker, 7312.T4A and is non-allelic to previously reported resistance genes present on chromosome 12. The Bph18 gene has been transferred into two elite japonica cultivars (Jinbubyeo and Junambyeo) background through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MAB) strategy. Foreground selection using STS markrs linked to the Bph18 gene in advanced backcross progenies confirmed homozygous marker alleles associated with BPH resistance. Background selection of the breeding lines with 260 simple repeat (SSR) markers revealed rapid conversion toward recurrent parent genotypes with less donor chromosomal segments (5.3-16.7%). Major agronomic traits of the progenies were analyzed and some breeding lines have agronomic traits comparable to the recurrent parent. One breeding line (S.523) with multiple-resistance to BPH and major diseases, desirable agronomic traits and grain quality has been recommended for regional testing in Korea. MAB is the suitable strategy to incorporate new genes into susceptible japonica to develop elite breeding lines.

This study was carried out to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits related to cold tolerance using an introgression lines (ILs) derived from a cross between a japonica weedy rice and a Tongil-type rice. Among the 80 RILs, one line (CR1835) showing tolerance for cold tolerance related to traits such as panicle exsertion and discoloration in the cold water plot was selected and backcrossed to the recurrent parent, Milyang 23. This line possessed Hapcheonaengmi 3 segments on chromosomes 1, 5 and 11. By two backcrosses to Milyang 23 and selfing, a total of 88 BC3F5 progenies were developed. The 88 ILs were evaluated for traits related to agricultural performance in cold water and in control plots. Cold tolerance was measured as difference of the culm length, spikelet fertility between two plots and panicle exsertion in cold water plot. The 88 ILs showed decreased culm length and increased anthocyan content in cold water plot than in the control water plot.

This study was conducted to provide the fundamental data based on the agronomic, phsyco-chemical characteristics, and quntification of volatile compounds of aroma rice germplasms. Among the 104 rice germplasm, five accessions of domestic aroma rice, 14 accessions of widely cultivated rice, and 60 accessions of foreign aroma rice were selected with excellent agronomic traits, high fertility and germination rate. The average amylose content of foreign aroma rice was higher than domestic aroma rice and widely cultured domestic rice. The domestic aroma rice was shown low protein and the foreign Indica types of aroma rice exhibited a wide range of protein contents. The foreign aroma rice were distributed a variable range of ADV value and lower than the both domestic aroma rice and widely cultured domestic rice. And it shown the difference aspect of amylograms according to the eco-type of the domestic and foreign aroma and the general rice, and it was distinguishable in difference of the aspect of the endosperm of rice as non-glutinous rice, waxy rice, and middle-waxy rice. The optimal extraction conditions of 2-Actyl-1- Pyrroline is recommended that five second grinding time, using 100 % ethyl alcohol, at 90℃ for 30 minutes. The domestic and the foreign aroma rice has more than mild aroma grade. A total 30 accession of aroma rice germplasm selected based on their 2AP concentration, aroma grade and agronomic traits. A total of 158 volatile and semi-volatile compounds were identified from 30 accessions of aroma rice germplasm, including 32 alcohols, 25 acids, 25 ketones, 21 hydrocarbon, 18 esters, 16 aldehydes, 4 ethers, 5 amines, 2 phenols, 2 bases, and 8 miscellaneous compounds. The thirty aroma rice germplasms could be classified into five groups according to the major odor or aroma compounds.

국내의 조사료원으로써 양질의 조사료 생산 및 이용을 위해 총체맥류의 논재배 면적이 최근에 급증하고 있다(1998년(10a)→2006년(9787a), 농림부). 총체맥류 재배시 최대 조사료 생산을 목적으로 다량의 종자를 파종하고 있으며 파종량이 많을수록 더 많은 토양중의 질소분을 흡수, 이용하기에 동일 포장에서 바로 이어서 재배되는 벼 식물체의 질소분의 흡수, 이용에 영향을 미치므로 토양 중의 질소 수지 조사에 의한 벼의 시비 처방의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 현재 총체맥류 생산답에서의 벼 재배시 총체맥류 생산시의 파종량과 토양의 질소량을 고려하지 않고 벼에 대한 재배가 이루어지므로 총체맥류 재배답에서의 벼 재배시 벼 식물체의 질소 이용에 대한 조사를 위하여 2007년 전북농업기술원의 포장에 총체 맥류 파종량을 기준으로 총체 보리, 이탈리안라이그라스의 재배답을 각 각 4구씩 구획하였으며 2008년 6월 5일 5개의 벼 품종을 각 파종구에 이앙하였다. 5개의 벼 품종들은 7개의 주요 생육시기별로 샘플링 하여 질소 동화 과정에서 중요한 작용을 하는 Glutamine Synthetase(GS), Glutamate Synthase(GOGAT), Glutamate Dehydrogenase(GDH)를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 GS, GOGAT, GDH 효소의 활성은 벼 식물체의 주요 생육시기가 진전됨에 따라 점차적으로 증가하여 유수형성기와 수잉기에서 이앙기의 약 1.3 ~ 5.5배 증가하였으며 출수기에 접어 들면서 점차 감소하였다. 파종량별 GS, GOGAT, GDH 효소의 활성에서 신농흑찰벼의 GOGAT 효소의 활성은 이탈리안라이그라스 재배답에서만 파종량이 많을수록 효소의 활성도 높아졌으며, 큰눈벼의 총체보리 재배답, 신농흑찰벼의 이탈리안라이그라스 재배답과 호품벼의 총체보리 재배답에서만 파종량이 많을수록 GS 효소의 활성이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과는 본시험에서 사용한 총체맥류 파종량의 범위에서는 총체맥류 재배답의 벼 재배시 질소 동화에 관여하는 GS, GOGAT, GDH 효소의 활성에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 가능성을 시사한다. 본 연구는 농촌진흥청 주관 농업기술센터 공동연구과제의(과제번호-200803A01082002) 일환으로 수행됐다.

The leaves of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. is the source of pharmaceutically valuable terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) such as anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. In particular, vindoline and catharanthine are harvested from leaves and used for the semisynthetic production of vinblastine and vincristine. Because of this, catharanthine and vindoline can be used to screen for high-yielding TIA cultivars. In this study we determined the TIAs concentrations of the leaves of 77 different cultivars of C. roseus. Serpentine contents among the 77 germplasms showed highest concentration in Vinca Pacifica Apricot (519.0 μg/g DW) while vindoline (2082.3 μg/g DW) and catharnathine (2903.4 μg/g DW) were the highest in Vinca Pacifica Peach. Additionally, Vinca Pacifica Peach (5041.0 μg/g DW) had the highest total TIAs concentrations. The 77 germplasms were classified into seven types according to their characteristic: Vinca Sunshower, Vinca Sunstorm, Vinca Cooler, Vinca Pacifica, Vinca Mediterranean, Vinca Titan, Vinca Stardust. Among the seven types, Vinca Sunstorm (3120.4 μg/g DW) had the highest average total TIAs concentrations in C. roseus leaves. This study indicates that cultivars of Vinca Sunstorm type have the potential to be industrial important cultivars for the production of vinblastine and vincristine.

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a shrub or tree belonging the genus Euphorbiaceae and is cultivated in a tropical regions including South America, South-East Asia, India and Africa. Jatropha possibly is adapted to grow in a wide range of environments for producing non-edible oils. The objective of the study is to determine effect of salt and drought on plant growth characteristics. Treatments are thus followed, 100 and 200 mM NaCl and 5 and 10% PEG. Various physiological parameters such leaf length and width, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence and gene expression were investigated. The results showed that from 2 days onwards, 100 and 200mM NaCl treatments were significantly suppressed leaf length, width, and stomatal conductance, but 5% and 10% PEG treatments showed a similar trend of control plants. Gene expression of JcACBP of the 100 mM NaCl was slightly decreased compred to those of other treatments. These results indicate that 100 and 200 mM NaCl treatments significantly showed negative response, but 5 and 10% PEG treatments improved plant growth and development of Jatropha.

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merill) is a good source of vegetable oil and high-quality protein. Soy foods have became popular food worldly because of its ingredients. Recently, as the well-being trends, the demand for soybean has increased in the West as well as in Asian countries. It contains valuable source of dietary isoflavones and phenolic compounds which are important secondary metabolites. The 33 germplasm cultivated in Yeoju, Gyeonggi-do region. The obtained results showed that isoflavones and phenolic compounds were significantly various. The highest compounds is malonyl genistin (230.89㎍𝑔-1), the lowest is genistin(0.70㎍𝑔-1) and the highest germplasm is Dunggeunseolitaekong (2222.60㎍𝑔-1) in isoflavone. In phenolic compounds, the highest compounds is myricetin (155.59㎍𝑔-1) and the lowest is vanillin (1.89㎍𝑔-1). Total containment of phenolic compounds is the highest in Dunggeunseolitaekong (803.76㎍𝑔-1) germplasm.

Medicinal soybean, which has been proven to be effective in preventing cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis, and renal failure, is drawing people’s attention among other beans in recent days. This experiment was to examine the concentration of phenolic compounds and isoflavone in 53 kinds of soybeans cultivated and collected in Yeo-Ju, Gyeonggi-do region. The total average content of phenol is 29424.34㎍/g and the most and least phenol were detected in No. 35(814.98㎍/g) and No. 28(353.66㎍/g) respectively. Myricetin was detected the most resveratrol whereas detected the least amount which was less than 0.2% of the total amount among all medicinal soybean samples. Total average isoflavone content was 35910.56㎍/g and the most and least isoflavone was detected in No. 15 (996.66 ㎍/g ) and No.9 (476.18㎍/g )respectively . Malonylgenistin was detecteded the most genistein whereas detected the least amount which was less than 0.02 % of the total amount in all medicinal soybean samples. The result of this experiment is considered to be the basic data of the functional food manufacturing by utilizing domestic medicinal soybean.

Switchgrass is a wild-perennial plant in North America, and rich in cellulose, making it attractive as a source for cellulosic ethanol. Especially, ethanol which is made from switchgrass produce more 540% energy better than the others. The objectives of this study were to examine the concentrations of phenolic compounds, monosaccharides and disaccharides which detected in some different part (upper, center, lower) of 34 species of switchgrasses. The total average of phenolic compound concentration was 4017.48 ㎍/g. Whereas it's concentration in the upper part was shown the highest (6669.09㎍/g) and the lower part was the lowest (1916.30㎍/g). The No.23 has the highest concentration of phenolic compounds but No.20 have the lowest concentration. In saccharides analysis, only arabinose and glucose are detected. The total average of monosaccharides and disaccharides concentration was 206284.75 ㎍/g. Whereas its concentration in the upper part was shown the highest (269738.18㎍/g) and the lower part was the lowest (167567.53㎍/g). The No.30 has the highest concentration of saccharides but No.2 have the lowest concentration. The obtained results shows that switchgrass are good sources of bio-ethanol and the upper part is the best among them.

친환경농업기술 개발의 일환으로 화학비료 절감 및 토양 비옥도 증진 효과가 있다고 알려진 두과작물인 헤어리베치와 화본과 작물인 호밀을 녹비작물로 생산 후 토양처리 하여 분해양상과 양분가용화 속도를 조사 분석하여 유기물 시용효과를 구명코자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 녹비작물은 5월 중순까지 재배하여 토양에 약 2000kg/10 a 정도의 양을 로터리 처리 하였다. 녹비의 분해 양상과 양분 가용화량을 조사 분석 하기 위하여 채취 건조된 녹비작물 10 g을 연구용으로 제작된 Pack에 넣어 토양 5 cm 깊이로 투입한 후, 40일 까지는 5일 간격으로, 그 이후 80일까지는 10일 간격으로 시료를 채취하였다. 분해율 50% 도달일수는 헤어리베치 처리구가 14일, 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구는 25일, 호밀 처리구는 37 일이었다. 녹비처리 후 20일까지의 분해양상은 헤어리베치 처리구가 60%, 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구 74%, 호밀 처리구 37.9%로 초반에 급속히 증가 하였고, 처리 후 80일 후에는 헤어리베치 처리구가 84.5% 이었고, 호밀 처리구가 % 이었으며, 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구가 %으로 나타났다. 질소가용화율의 경우 헤어리베치 처리구는 처리후 15일에는 55.3%였고, 80일 후에는 86.7%로 조사되었으며, 호밀처리구에서는 37일에 85.1 %였고, 80일 후에는 88.3%로 나타났다. 인산의 경우는 헤어리베치 처리구에서 15일에는 86.3 %였고, 80일 후에는 92.8 %였으며, 호밀 처리구에서는 37일에 90.6 %였고, 80일 후에는 94.4 %였다. 유기물의 화학비료 시용효과를 10a 단위면적으로 계산한 결과는 토양처리 후 80일까지 질소는 헤어리베치구가 14.0kg/10a, 호밀 처리구는 9.8kg/10a, 그리고 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구는 11.9kg/10a 로 산출되었다. 인산이 경우는 헤어리베치 처리구가 3.1 kg/10a, 호밀 처리구 2.8 kg/10a , 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구는 2.9 kg/10a 로 나타났다.