This study was carried out to have the basic and applied information to develop the cultivation methods and models and to increase the productivity of high-quality ginseng. Plant height was dramatically increased from one year old to four years old, and then it was grown up very slowly. Stem length was shown similar tendency as the plant height did. Its range were from 9.4 cm in one year old to about 42.4 cm in four year-old ginseng. The leaf area was clearly increased until four years old, 10.1cm2 in one year old to 204.9cm2 in four years old, while it was slightly increased after four years old. Root length was continuously increased from one year old until four years old, and then it was grown up very slowly. Tap root length which was measured was appeared about 8 cm from three years old to six years old, showing not much different among the year-olds. The root diameter was continuously increased from one year old to six year-old ginseng, about 2.9 mm and about 19 mm, respectively. The moisture content was higher on the shoot than that on the root. It was slightly decreased as they were getting old. In shoot part, the rate of leaves and stems based on dry weight was about 1 : 1. In the root, the dry weight of tap root was heavier than that of lateral root. The dry weight of shoot was decreased after four years old, while it of the root was continuously increased until six years old, resulting the production of ginseng root. Based on the results of this study, growth characteristics of shoot and root of ginseng were dramatically increased from one year old to four years old and then their growths were appeared different between shoot and root, showing not much growing in shoot and keep growing in root.

The management and control of mineral nutrients is one of most important techniques to increase the productivity and the quality of Korean ginseng. The mineral nutrients are measured with different plant tissues and different growth stages of 2-year-old ginseng grown under hydroponic culture with two different temperatures. The content of N, P, Ca, and Mg were higher at low temperature in both leaves and roots than those at high temperature. However, the content of K was high in leaves at low temperature compared to that of high temperature, while it was not significantly different in roots. The uptake amounts of N and K was higher throughout the experimental period at low temperature in both leaves and roots than those at high temperature. However, the uptake amount of P was not clearly different between two different temperatures and among six different growth stages. The uptake amount of N, P, K was generally decreased in leaves from June to August, while it was increased in roots. The relationship between dry weight and mineral nutrients in leaves was appeared positive with N, K, Ca, and Mg, but negative P. In roots, N, K, Ca, and Mg were negative, showing that was positive with only P. Comparing the correlation coefficients among mineral nutrients in leaves, N and K were significantly positive correlation each other. P was significantly positive correlation with Na and Zn. In case of roots, N was highly significant positive correlation with K, Mg, and Mn, but P was negatively correlated with Ca, Cu, Na, Fe, and Zn.

This study was carried out to have the basic and applied informations relating to increase the productivity and quality of ginseng. 2 years-old ginseng was cultivated under hydroponic culture with the controlled environment conditions in a greenhouse. Major growth characters and yields were investigated with two different temperatures and several growth stages. The plant height and stem diameter were higher at low temperature than those at high temperature. They were not clearly different with six different growth stages. The root length was not clearly different between two temperatures; however it was continuously grown from June until August. The root diameter was higher at low temperature than that at high temperature. It was rapidly increased from June until August. The length, width, and area of leaf were higher at low temperature than those at high temperature. The fresh and dry weights of different plant tissues were also heavier at low temperature than those at high temperature. The moisture content of ginseng root was continuously decreased from June until August. The yield of ginseng was higher at low temperature compared to that at high temperature. The cultivating conditions in hydroponic culture of ginseng, especially temperature, would be an important factor to have better growth and production.

This study was conducted to examine major growth responses, the production and partitioning of dry matter on different growth stages, and yields and to select the optimal shading material in both quality and productivity of ginseng. Two cultivars of ginseng, Cheonpoong and Geumpoong, were cultivated in the paddy soil with three different shading materials; three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene (TBP), blue polyethylene sheet (BPS), and aluminium-coated polyethylene sheet (APS). Plant heights were linearly increased until June 24 and then maintained with showing higher height in Cheonpoong than that in Geumpoong cultivar. Root lengths were gradually increased until October 16. They were longer in Cheonpoong than that in Geumpoong cultivar, showing slightly longer with APS compared to TBP and BPS. The ability of producing dry matter of leaves was much higher from April to June compared to those of other growth periods, whereas its ability of root was concentrated from the end of June to the end of August. Among the shading materials, the ability of producing dry matter of shoot was higher with TBP than those with BPS and APS, while its ability of root was not appeared certain tendency unlike the shoot. The yield of ginseng roots was the highest with TBP among three shading materials and it was higher in Cheonpoong than that of Geumpoong cultivar. The shading materials which affect the light intensity and the temperature would be considered as an important factor to get better quality and productivity of Korean ginseng.

This studies were conducted to investigate the growth responses and yields of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge which were grown with organic cultivation using two organic fertilizers and two green manure crops of hairy vetch and rye in 2008 and 2009. The lengths of stems and roots were not clearly different between organic and conventional cultivations. The root diameters and the branch numbers were slightly thicker and more in all treatments of organic cultivation than that of conventional cultivation in 2008, although they were not significantly different between two cultivating methods in 2009. The dry weights of shoot and root were heavier on organic cultivation than those on conventional cultivation. The T/R ratios were commonly higher in organic culture, showing more clearly in 2008 than 2009. The yields were generally higher in organic cultivation than those in conventional cultivation in 2008 although the effect did not clear on yield in 2009. The organic cultivation using of organic fertilizers and green manure crops would be new method to have safety and qualitative products. The techniques of organic cultivation for Astragalus membranaceus Bunge would be studied more on utilizing the natural organic resources.

친환경농업기술 개발의 일환으로 화학비료 절감 및 토양 비옥도 증진 효과가 있다고 알려진 두과작물인 헤어리베치와 화본과 작물인 보리를 녹비작물로 생산 토양 처리하여 분해양상과 양분가용화 속도를 조사 분석하여 유기물 시용효과를 구명코자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 녹비작물은5월 중순까지 재배하여 토양에 로터리 처리(약2000kg/10a)하였다. 녹비의 분해 양상과 양분 가용화량을 조사 분석하기 위하여 채취 건조된 녹비작물 10 g을 연구용으로 제작된 Pack에 넣어 토양 5 cm 깊이로 투입한 후, 40일 까지는 5일 간격으로, 그 이후 80일까지는 10일 간격으로 시료를 채취하였다. 녹비의 분해율 50% 도달일수는 헤어리베치 처리구가 가장 빠른 14.4일을 보였고, 그 다음은 헤어리베치+보리 처리구가 23.2 일이었으며, 보리 처리구가 가장 늦은 31.7 일이었다. 처리 80일 후 분해양상으로 헤어리베치 처리구가 84.5 %이었고, 보리 처리구가 64.9 %이었으며, 헤어리베치+보리 처리구가 76.2 %로 나타났다. 질소 가용화율의 경우 헤어리베치 처리구는 처리 후 15일에는 55.3 %였고, 80일 후에는 86.7 %로 조사되었으며, 보리 처리구에서는 31.7일에 77.2 %였고 80일 후에는 87.8 %로 나타났다. 인산의 경우는 헤어리베치 처리구에서 15일에는 86.3 %였고, 80일 후에는 92.8 %였으며, 보리 처리구에서는 31.7일에는 89.9 %, 80일 후에는 95.1 %였다. 유기물의 화학비료 시용효과를 10a 단위면적으로 계산한 결과 토양처리 후 80일까지 질소는 헤어리베치 처리구가 14.0 kg/10a, 보리 처리구는 10.3 kg/10a, 그리고 헤어리베치+보리 처리구는 11.3 kg/10a로 산출되었다. 인산의 경우는 헤어리베치 처리구가 3.1 kg/10a였고, 보리 처리구가 2.8 kg/10a, 헤어리베치+보리 처리구가 2.9 kg/10a로 나타났다.

본 연구는 친환경농업기술 개발의 일환으로 두과작물인 헤어리베치와 화본과작물인 호밀을 녹비작물로 재배 한 후 벼 이앙 2주 전에 전량 토양 처리하여 친환경 벼 재배 기술의 기초자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 벼의 주요생육시기별 생장반응은 최고분얼기, 수잉기, 출수기, 출수 후15일에 초장, 분얼, 엽색도, 건물중을 조사하였으며, 수확 후 수량 및 수량구성요소를 조사 하였다. 출수 후 15일 생장반응에서 초장은 헤어리베치 처리구가 105cm로 가장 컸고, 그 다음은 관행구가 98.7cm, 호밀 처리구는 93.6cm 정도로 나타났다. 분얼수는 16개로 헤어리베치 구간이 가장 많았고, 관행구 13개, 호밀이 12개로 나타났다. 엽색도(SPAD치)는 헤어리베치 구간이 33.0으로 가장 높았고, 관행구가 30.1, 호밀처리구가 28.9로 낮았다. 출수 후 15일에 건물중은 헤어리베치 처리구가 65.3 g/주 으로 관행구 53.9 g/주 보다 많았으며, T/R비율은 헤어리베치가 3.3 으로 가장 높았고, 그 다음은 관행구는 3.2 였다. 수량 및 수량구성요소를 조사한 결과 처리별로 주당 립수가 가장 영향을 미친것으로 나타났으며 수량은 헤어리베치 처리구가 571 kg/10a, 관행구 542 kg/10a, 호밀 처리구 502 kg/10a로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 녹비작물을 이용하는 친환경 농업 작부체계의 활용은 (특히 헤어리베치의 경우) 화학비료의 사용없이도 관행농법 보다 더 좋은 수량 또는 비슷한 수량을 얻을 수 있다고 사료된다.

친환경농업기술 개발의 일환으로 화학비료 절감 및 토양 비옥도 증진 효과가 있다고 알려진 두과작물인 헤어리베치와 화본과 작물인 호밀을 녹비작물로 생산 후 토양처리 하여 분해양상과 양분가용화 속도를 조사 분석하여 유기물 시용효과를 구명코자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 녹비작물은 5월 중순까지 재배하여 토양에 약 2000kg/10 a 정도의 양을 로터리 처리 하였다. 녹비의 분해 양상과 양분 가용화량을 조사 분석 하기 위하여 채취 건조된 녹비작물 10 g을 연구용으로 제작된 Pack에 넣어 토양 5 cm 깊이로 투입한 후, 40일 까지는 5일 간격으로, 그 이후 80일까지는 10일 간격으로 시료를 채취하였다. 분해율 50% 도달일수는 헤어리베치 처리구가 14일, 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구는 25일, 호밀 처리구는 37 일이었다. 녹비처리 후 20일까지의 분해양상은 헤어리베치 처리구가 60%, 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구 74%, 호밀 처리구 37.9%로 초반에 급속히 증가 하였고, 처리 후 80일 후에는 헤어리베치 처리구가 84.5% 이었고, 호밀 처리구가 % 이었으며, 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구가 %으로 나타났다. 질소가용화율의 경우 헤어리베치 처리구는 처리후 15일에는 55.3%였고, 80일 후에는 86.7%로 조사되었으며, 호밀처리구에서는 37일에 85.1 %였고, 80일 후에는 88.3%로 나타났다. 인산의 경우는 헤어리베치 처리구에서 15일에는 86.3 %였고, 80일 후에는 92.8 %였으며, 호밀 처리구에서는 37일에 90.6 %였고, 80일 후에는 94.4 %였다. 유기물의 화학비료 시용효과를 10a 단위면적으로 계산한 결과는 토양처리 후 80일까지 질소는 헤어리베치구가 14.0kg/10a, 호밀 처리구는 9.8kg/10a, 그리고 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구는 11.9kg/10a 로 산출되었다. 인산이 경우는 헤어리베치 처리구가 3.1 kg/10a, 호밀 처리구 2.8 kg/10a , 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구는 2.9 kg/10a 로 나타났다.

본 연구는 친환경농업기술 개발의 일환으로 두과작물인 헤어리베치와 화본과작물인 보리를 녹비작물로 재배한 후 벼 이앙 2주 전에 전량 토양 처리하여 친환경 벼 재배 기술의 기초자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 벼의 주요생육시기별 생장반응은 최고분얼기, 수잉기, 출수기, 출수 후 15일에 초장, 분얼, 엽색도, 건물중을 조사하였으며, 수확 후 수량 및 수량구성요소를 조사하였다. 생장반응에서 초장은 출수 후 15일에 헤어리베치 처리구가 가장 큰 105 cm를 보였고, 그 다음은 관행구에서 98.7 cm였으며, 보리 처리구에서 가장 적은 94.4 cm였다. 분얼수는 헤어리베치 처리구가 가장 많은 16 개를 보였고, 그 다음은 헤어리베치+보리 처리구에서 15개였으며, 관행구에서는 13 개였다. 엽색도(SPAD)는 헤어리베치 처리구가 가장 높은 33.0 을 보였고, 그 다음은 관행구가 30.1 였으며, 헤어리베치+보리 처리구는 28.7 정도로 나타났다. 출수 후 15일에 건물중은 헤어리베치 처리구가 65.3 g/주 으로 관행구 53.9 g/주 보다 많았으며, T/R비율은 헤어리베치가 3.3 으로 가장 높았고, 그 다음은 관행구가 3.2 였다. 수량 및 수량구성요소를 조사한 결과 처리별로 주당 립수가 가장 영향을 미친것으로 나타났으며, 수량은 헤어리베치 처리구가 571 kg/10a 으로 가장 높았고, 그 다음은 관행구가 542 kg/10a 이었으며, 보리 처리구가 가장 적은 492 kg/10a 로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 녹비작물을 이용하는 친환경 농업 작부체계의 활용은 (특히 헤어리베치의 경우) 화학비료의 사용 없이도 관행농업보다 더 좋은 수량 또는 비슷한 수량을 얻을 수 있다고 사료된다.