This study investigated that the reconstruction process of calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxide in distilled water or calcium hydroxide solution for 3 days. The ATR-FTIR (Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) was used for analysis of the reconstruction process. The results showed that the reconstruction of the calcined layered double hydroxide was almost completed within 1 day.

This research and development analysis provides numerical analysis techniques that can be used conveniently to determining the safety of the current state and to predict the stability in the future. It also seeks to present algorithms of back analysis to develop unified management system for control, prediction, coordination, and information modeling that can reasonably handle appropriate responses to structural behavior at project sites and design changes.

In this study, the impedance of reinforced concrete embedded in concrete was measured and compared with W/B and admixture replacement ratio. As a result, the impedance of rebars increased in all frequency sections with increasing blast furnace slag replacement amount of cement in all W/B Respectively. It is considered that the electro resistance in the concrete increases due to the potential hydraulic properties of the blast furnace slag, and thus the polarization resistance also increases.

Carbonation of reinforced concrete is a major factor in the deterioration of reinforced concrete, and prediction of the resistance to carbonation is important in determining the durability life of reinforced concrete structures. In this study, basic research on the prediction of carbonation penetration depth of concrete using Deep Learning algorithm among artificial neural network theory was carried out. The data used in the experiment were analyzed by deep running algorithm by setting W/B, cement and blast furnace slag, fly ash content, relative humidity of the carbonated laboratory, temperature, CO2 concentration, Deep learning algorithms were used to study 60,000 times, and the analysis of the number of hidden layers was compared.

프리캐스트 바닥판 공법은 바닥판간 이음부가 존재하며, 이음부의 연결성능에 따라 전체 교량 구조물의 성능이 좌우되므로 이음부의 연결성능 확보가 중요한 요소이다. 특히, 교량바닥판은 차량하중과 같은 반복하중을 받는 구조물이므로 피로하중에 대한 이음부의 거동 및 성능평가가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 비대칭 요철형 루프이음을 적용한 2거더 연속합성형 교량을 제작하여 정적 및 200만회 반복하중의 피로실험을 통해 프리캐스트 바닥판의 구조적 거동 및 균열양상을 검토하였다. 실험결과, 제안된 프리캐스트 바닥판 연결시스템은 균열 폭, 누수, 인장철근의 응력 등 충분한 피로성능 및 파괴강도를 확보하는 것으로 나타났으며, 프리캐스트 바닥판 이음부에 효과적으로 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 로젠탈 효과(Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968)가 운동학습에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위함이 었다. 방법: 이를 위해 아동 30명이 참여하였다. 이들에게는 본 연구의 목적에 대해 어떠한 정보도 주지 않았으며 로젠탈, 골렘, 통제 집단에 각각 10명 씩 무선 배정되었다. 본 연구의 과제는 골프퍼팅이 사용되었으며, 종속변인은 전체오차점수였다. 습득단계의 자료 분석은 마지막 요인을 반복 측정하는 3(집단)×6(분단)요인 설계 하에 이루어졌고 파지단계는 일원변량분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 자료를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 로젠탈 집단은 습득단계에서 가장 우수한 수행을 나타냈다. 둘째, 즉각적 파지검사에서 로젠탈 집단은 골렘 집단과 통제 집단보다 우수한 수행을 나타냈다. 셋째, 지연된 파지검사에서 로젠탈 집단은 골렘집단과 통제집단보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 인터뷰 분석결과 로젠탈 집단에 대한 내용에서 상대적으로 긍정적 반응이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구에서 로젠탈 효과는 운동학습상황에 충분히 적용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

고유동 콘크리트의 사용이 일반화 되면서 유동화제 사용에 따른 콘크리트의 초기 재료물성 발현에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 콘크리트 수화반응에 따른 응결시점은 초기 물성 발현을 나타낼 수 있는 지표 중 하나이며, 이러한 응결시점 평가를 위해 관입저항시험과 함께 다양한 비파괴 평가 기법들이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전기비저항 측정법을 이용하여 유동화 모르타르의 응결 지연 현상 평가에 관한 실험연구를 수행하였다. PC계 유동화제 첨가량에 따른 총 9종류의 모르타르 샘플을 준비하였으며, 4-전극법을 이용한 초기재령 모르타르 샘플의 전기비저항 변화를 24h 측정하였다. 측정결과로부터 결정된 전기비저항 상승시기를 모르타르 응결시점 평가를 위한 전기적 변수로 사용하였으며, 측정결과의 비교 분석을 위해 동일 샘플의 관입저항시험을 실시하였다. 또한 유동화 모르타르의 1일 동 탄성계수 및 압축강도 측정을 통해 전기비저항 측정을 이용한 유동화 모르타르의 초기 재료물성 평가 가능성을 확인하였다.

Background : The objective of this study was to make colloidal dispersion of the active compound was characterized nano-composite from radix of Angelica gigas Nakai using hot melt extrusion (HME). Therefore, food grade hydrophilic polymer matrices was used to disperse compound in aqueous media. Methods and Results : Extrudate solid formulations (ESFs) mediated various HPMCs (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and Na-Alg polymer from ultrafine powder of radix of Angelica gigas Nakai was developed through physical crosslink method (HME) with ionization agent (treatment of acetic acid) and food grade polymer [HPMCs such as HP55, CN40H, AN6 and sodium alignate (Na-Alg)]. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the amorphization of crystal compounds in extrudate solid formulations mediated HP55 (HP55-ESF). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated a lower enthalpy (ΔH = 10.62 J/g) of glass transition temperature (Tg) in HP55-ESF. Infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR) reveled new functional groups produced in HP55-ESF. Phenolic compound, flavonoid (including decursin and decursinol angelate) and antioxidant activity increased at 5, 10 and 2 times in HP55-ESF. Water solubility (61.5%) nano size (323 ㎚) particle was achieved in the HP55-ESF. Conclusion : Nano-composites have been developed utilizing melt-extruded solid dispersions technology by food grade polymer enhanced nano dispersion (< 500 ㎚) of active compound from radix of Angelica gigas Nakai with enhanced solubility and bioavailability. This nano-composites of radix of Angelica gigas Nakai developmental and marketed products to enable therapeutic performance.

Recently, high-performance and high-fluidity concrete have been studied and developed because high-rised build is constructed. An early-age properties of these concretes have been studied and developed bacause of comparing existed concrete. This study proposed non-destructive method as electrical resistivity measurement, which evaluates setting time of cement-based materials. An assessment of the effect on the setting time was studied on the addition of a superplasticizer to delay the setting time and the curing temperature to promote the setting time. 6th of samples prepared mortar according to adding superplasticizer(PNS) or curing temperature and measured the electrical resistivity during 24 h. As the results, mortars which curing higher temperature were promoted rising time which is setting time in the electrical resistivity, also mortars which adding superplasticizer were retard rising time.

Chloride penetration into concrete is the main cause of the corrosion of steel in concrete structures exposed to chloride-rich environments. As a preventive or remedial method, surface treatments on concrete have been increasingly applied to both new and existing concrete structures to combat this problem. So far, knowledge of how a surface treatment reduces chloride diffusion is limited and the relationship between chloride diffusion resistance and surface treatment parameters, such as thickness, porosity and diffusion coefficient, has not been quantitatively identified. In this paper, chloride ion penetration modeling is performed to predict the service life of the surface treated concrete.

When the reinforced concrete structure is in a high salinity environment, chlorine ions penetrate from the surroundings, resulting in corrosion of the reinforcing bars, resulting in low durability. Therefore, studies on the immobilization of chlorine ions are underway, and anion exchange resin, one of them, was used in this study. In this study, chloride ion fixing ability was confirmed by replacing OPC, conventional bead anion exchange resin, and powder anion exchange resin with mortar and then using an electron probe X-ray micro-analyzer. The bead anion exchange resin replaced 3% of the fine aggregate volume and the powder anion exchange resin 5% of the cement volume. The fabricated specimens were cured for 28 days, immersed in NaCl solution for 28 days, and confirmed by electron probe X-ray micro-analyzer.

The present study investigates the material and hydration properties of nPOFA mixed cement mortar with early carbonation curing based on the fact that each process contributes to fill capillary pores, to enhance compressive strength and to reduce CO2. Mortar samples were carried out compressive strength test, phenolphthalein test, MIP testt and SEM. Pulverized cement paste was analytically characterized by XRD, TG/DTA, and FTIR analzes. The fabricated specimens were cured for 0,7, and 28 days in the carbonation chamber which set to carbon dioxide concentration of 5%

Concrete has recently been modified to have various performance and properties. However, the conventional method for predicting the compressive strength of concrete has been suggested by considering only a few influential factors. so, In this study, nine influential factors (W/B ratio, Water, Cement, Aggregate(Coarse, Fine), Fly ash, Blast furnace slag, Curing temperature, and humidity) of papers opened for 10 years were collected at 4 conferences in order to know the various correlations among data and the tendency of data. The selected mixture and compressive strength data were used for learning the Deep Learning Algorithm to derive a prediction model. The purpose of this study is to suggest a method of constructing a prediction model that predicts the compression strength with high accuracy based on Deep Learning Algorithms.

Prediction of compressive strength of concrete by Maturity Method is applied in construction site. However, due to the use of wired type high-priced equipment, economic efficiency and workability are falling. In this study, a newly developed concrete embedded wireless sensor is used to perform a mock-up test. Next, the concrete compressive strength of the Maturity Method is predicted using Saul and Plowman's function as measured temperature data. The predicted concrete strength at the beginning of the age was the actual strength and stiffness, but the error rate was less than 1% at 28th day.

Astragalus membranaceus is a well known oriental medicinal herb. The polysaccharides of the aboveground parts (AMA) and the radix (AMR) of A. membranaceus are the most important functional constituents. Methods and Results: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of AMA and AMR on the oxidative damage induced in the skeletal muscle of rats subjected to exhaustive exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into exercise and non-exercise groups; in the groups receiving the test compounds, AMA and AMR were administered orally for 30 days. Skeletal muscle samples were collected from each rat after running to exhaustion on a treadmill to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) and the concentation of malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD and GSH-Px of skeletal muscle of AMA- and AMR-treated groups were significantly higher than those of the control and commercial sports drink (SPD)-treated groups in exhaustive exercise rats. In addition, MDA concentrations in the skeletal muscle of the AMA- and AMR-treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control and SPD-treated groups. In the present study, the effects of AMA and AMR on exercise endurance capacity were also evaluated in mice subjected to a swimming exercise test. AMA and AMR supplementation prolonged the swimming time of mice and enhanced exercise endurance capacity. AMA and AMR possess the ability to retard and lower the production of blood lactate, and prevent the decrease of serum blood glucose. Conclusions: These results showed that, AMR and AMA exerted beneficial effect in mice, increasing the activity of the antioxidant systems and inhibiting oxidative stress induced by exhaustive exercise. The compounds improved exercise performance and showed anti-fatigue effects against exhaustive exercise.

레저보트디자인은 공학적 기술을 바탕으로 감성적 디자인이 결합된 종합적 디자인을 필요로 하기 때문에 무엇보다 디자인과정에서 디자이너와 엔지니어의 지속적인 정보교류와 협력이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 특성의 레저보트디자인에 적합한 디자인프로세스와 디자인방법을 제안한다. 디자인프로세스는 디자이너의 사고프로세스를 바탕으로 이해하기, 탐색하기, 해석하기, 개발하기, 검증하기의 다섯 단계로 구성하며 각 단계마다 디자이너와 엔지니어의 협력과 의사소통을 촉진하는 디자인방법을 제시한다. 그리고 이 프로세스와 방법을 하이드로포일보트디자인에 적용하여 평가를 실시한다. 평가결과 본 연구에서 제시된 디자인방법들은 디자이너와 엔지니어 사이에 협력과 의사교환을 촉진시키며 또한 둘 사이에 상호 이해와 신뢰감을 형성하는데 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다.

기존의 정수처리 방법으로는 제거되지 않는 물질이 발생함에 고도정수 처리 시설의 도입이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 오존을 이용한 고도정수처리 시설의 내부 방수·방식재는 오존의 산화력에 의해 열화되며 콘크리트까지 영향을 미쳐 내구성 저하의 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 내오존성 및 내화학성이 뛰어난 금속 패널을 기존의 시공법 보다 손쉬운 방법으로 시공하기 위한 방법으로 금속용사 공법을 이용하여 수처 리 시설 콘크리트 구조물의 열화를 원천적으로 방지하기 위한 마감공법 개발 연구의 일원으로 용사금속 종류 및 피막의 표면처리 방법에 따른 내오존성 평가를 실시하였으며, 오존처리 후의 부착강도를 평가하였다. 실험결과 용사금속 Ti이 용사 후에도 내오존성이 뛰어난 것으로 나타 났으며 표면처리 방법으로는 테프론계 봉공처리제를 사용하여 마감하는 것이 내오존성 및 부착성능 확보에 가장 적합한 방법이라 판단된다.

본 논문은 콘크리트 배합 방식(NMA, TSMA1, TSMA2)에 따른 순환 굵은골재 치환량에 따른 콘크리트의 기계적 성능을 비교 평가 하였다. 실험은 순환 굵은골재를 0%, 50%, 100%로 3수준으로 콘크리트의 배합 방식에 따라 실험을 진행하였다. 굳지 않은 콘크리트에서는 공기량, 슬럼프, 단위용적질량 실험을 진행하였으며, 경화 콘크리트에서는 압축강도 및 휨강도 시험을 진행하였다. 본 연구의 실험결과 NMA 방식과 비교하여 TSMA 방식에서 강도 저하가 나타나고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만, 이는 순환 굵은골재가 다량 치환됨에 따른 것으로 사료된다. 순환 굵은골재가 다량 치환됨에 따라 슬럼프 증진, 공기량 증진, 강도 저하가 나타남을 확인하였다.

In this paper, a soft robotic arm which can prevent impact injury during human-robot interaction is introduced. Two degrees of freedom joint are required to realize free movement of the robotic arm. A robotic joint concept with a single degree of freedom is presented using simple inflatable elements, and then extended to form a robotic joint with two degrees of freedom joint using similar manufacturing methods. The robotic joint with a single degree of freedom has a joint angle of 0° bending angle when both chamber are inflated at equal pressures and maximum bending angles of 28.4° and 27.1° when a single chamber if inflated. The robotic joint with two degrees of freedom also has a bending angle of 0° in both direction when all three chambers are inflated at equal pressures. When either one or two chambers were pressurized, the robotic joint performed bending towards the uninflated chambers.