본 연구에서는 중속 충돌하중을 받는 RC 벽체의 배면파쇄 영역을 모사할 수 있는 모델링 기법을 범용 유한요소해석 프로그램인 LS-DYNA을 통해 제안하였다. 충돌해석에 주로 사용되는 요소 삭제 기능이 발사체의 하중 전달에 영향을 미치고 이로 인해 배면파 쇄 영역이 과소평가 된다고 판단하였다. 따라서 충돌 위치 주변에는 요소 삭제 기능을 사용하지 않는 모델링 기법을 제안하였다. 제안 된 기법을 적용한 해석이 실험 결과를 근접하게 모사함에 따라, 제안한 기법이 연속적인 충돌에너지의 전달에 효과적임을 확인하였 다. 추가적으로 다른 충돌 조건에 대해 해당 기법의 적용성 검토를 진행한 결과, 대칭 조건을 사용하지 않고, 철근의 결속을 함께 모사 할 경우 RC 벽체의 파괴 거동을 더욱 근접하게 모사할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

This study analyzed the epilithic diatom community and ecological health of freshwater streams using environmental DNA (eDNA)-based metabarcoding technology. eDNA metabarcoding is a method that analyzes biological communities by performing PCR amplification followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), offering higher sensitivity and faster results compared to traditional microscopic analyses. The study compared the eDNA metabarcoding results of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain gene (rbcL) targeting epilithic diatoms according to Taq polymerases (SuperFi II, GainBlue, EzPCR, and AccuPower). SuperFi II and GainBlue yielded the highest number of reads and zOTUs, with GainBlue showing particularly uniform read distribution, allowing for more accurate analysis for community diversity of epilithic diatoms. On the other hand, EzPCR and AccuPower exhibited lower number of reads and zOTUs, making them less suitable for the community diversity. In terms of community similarity analysis, SuperFi II and GainBlue produced highly similar results, while EzPCR and AccuPower showed significant differences. This study demonstrates that PCR Taq polymerases significantly influence community diversity and similarity analyses of epilithic diatoms, with GainBlue providing the most stable and accurate results. Our findings serve as a valuable foundation for improving the accuracy of eDNA-based metabarcoding analyses of diatoms.

The study examined the impact of adding acorn pomace dried powder (APDP) at different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% w/w) on the quality, antioxidant potential, and consumer preference of garaetteok, a Korean rice cake. The findings showed that as the APDP content increased, moisture levels decreased, and pH levels were affected. Color analysis revealed a decrease in lightness (L), while yellowness (b) and redness (a) values increased. Texture analysis indicated an increase in gumminess, hardness, and chewiness, but a decrease in cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and springiness with higher APDP levels. Sensory evaluation of appearance, taste, flavor, texture, and overall preference identified the sample with 10% APDP as the most preferred. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the garaetteok demonstrated a positive correlation with the increasing APDP content. In conclusion, the incorporation of 10% APDP enhanced the quality characteristics of garaetteok, improving its nutritional value, antioxidant properties, and overall consumer appeal.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the carbon storage capacity of broad-leaf forests in Republic of Korea through the analysis of studies related to carbon storage and carbon uptake, and to analyse the relationship between climatic factors affecting carbon storage capacity. We analysed the results of each previous study by summarising the research results of 55 previous studies collected through search, and organised the study area information and climate factors (elevation, average annual temperature, annual precipitation, etc.). And the carbon storage and net primary production of the above and below-ground and the whole plant were evaluated and the correlation with the climatic factors was statistically analysed. The analysis showed that the carbon storage of broad-leaved forests was positively correlated with altitude and negatively correlated with precipitation. These results mean that carbon accumulation in plants is more effective at higher altitudes with lower temperatures, and that broad-leaf forests are able to adapt and perform carbon storage functions in areas with low precipitation. Carbon uptake was negatively correlated with altitude and positively correlated with temperature. This means that the carbon absorption capacity of broad-leaved forests is greatly affected by temperature, and that the carbon absorption potential is greater in lowlands. Therefore, policies should be actively established to increase and preserve the carbon storage capacity of forests by considering the characteristics of the ecosystem functions of broadleaf forests and climate factors. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the understanding of the carbon cycle of broad-leaved forests and to the development of management measures, and to provide scientific data for carbon neutrality.

This study developed an unmanned autonomous moving algae collection device (HAMA-bot) to remove high-density algae concentrated in the waterfront of urban agricultural reservoirs, and analyzed the effect of algae removal after field application to medium-sized urban reservoir. The algae reduction effect (Chl-a) of the study site in the reservoir by the HAMA-bot operation showed an average 18.5% higher in the treatment area compared to the control area before operation, while the average reduction of 24% in the treatment area after operation. In addition, the Chl-a removal rate, which directly analyzed the influent and effluent of HAMA-bot, showed a very high level with an average of 96.9% (94.7~99.2%). Currently, it is optimized for urban reservoirs and manufactured on a small scale, but it is a useful tool that can be applied on a large scale to large dams and rivers, and it is considered that the field applicability would be improved with the optimized scale.

Alfalfa hay varieties have been developed and cultivated in Korea to enhance the self-sufficiency rate of domestic roughage. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of feeding domestic and imported alfalfa on the growth performance and economic feasibility of Hanwoo bulls. This study was conducted using eight Hanwoo bulls, aged 6 to 7 months, during their growing period. Hanwoo bulls were divided into two groups: one group fed imported alfalfa and the other group fed domestic alfalfa. Dry matter intake, weight gain, and blood metabolites were analyzed for two months of the growing stage. There was no significant difference between the two groups in dry matter intake and body weight. However, the price of domestic alfalfa is lower than that of imported alfalfa, so feeding domestic alfalfa is expected to have a positive effect on reducing production costs. Further study is needed to compare not only the growth performance but also carcass characteristics after slaughter by feeding domestic alfalfa to Hanwoo for a longer period during their growing stage.

Fish require movement for feeding, spawning, growth, and evading predators, making swimming ability a critical factor in their survival. Swimming speed in fish are generally classified into sustained, prolonged, and burst speed. This study assessed the swimming capabilities of native benthic freshwater fish and provided data to inform the design and construction of fishways. Three fish species were examined: Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (family Bagridae), Tridentiger brevispinis and Rhinogobius brunneus (family Gobiidae). Measurements of total length, standard length, body weight, and body height were collected for each species, and swimming ability was evaluated using a swimming tunnel apparatus. Swimming ability was determined by measuring burst speed to calculate the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and the relative swimming speed (TL s-1). The mean critical swimming speeds were 0.73±0.15 m s-1 for P. fulvidraco, 0.75±0.1 m s-1 for T. brevispinis, and 1.34±0.12 m s-1 for R. brunneus. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between swimming ability and total length, indicating that swimming capabilities may vary based on body type and behavior. These findings contribute essential insights into the swimming abilities of native freshwater fish, offering valuable data for improving fishway design. Further research is suggested to evaluate the swimming capabilities of a broader range of freshwater fish species to enhance fishway efficiency.

본 연구는 수동식 감자 파종기구를 활용한 인력파종 및 트랙터 부착형 파종기를 활용한 기계파종을 비교하여 강원도 고랭지 지역의 여름감자 파종작업에 대한 작업효율 및 경제성을 분석하였다. 작업효율은 일정 면적을 파종하는 데 소요되는 시간으로 도출하였다. 동일한 작업효율을 가지는 조건에서 인력파종 및 기계파종의 연간 고정비와 연간 유동비를 산출하여 각 파종작업에 대한 경제성 분석을 수행하였다. 이때 고정비로는 감가상각비, 이자 및 수리비를, 유동비로는 인건비와 유류비를 고려하였다. 또한, 총비용 소요 분석을 통해 트랙터 부착형 파종기가 수동식 감자 파종기구 대비 경제성이 높아지는 시점을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 기계파종이 인력파종 대비 약 4.6배 높은 작업효율을 보였으며 파종률은 두 방식에서 모두 100%로 나타났다. 경제성의 경우 구매 비용은 트랙터 부착형 파종기가 높았으나, 인건비 측면에서 비용 절감 효과를 보였다. 이에 따라 4년 9개월 이후부터 트랙터 부착형 파종기의 총 소요비용이 수동식 감자 파종기구의 총 소요비용 대비 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 장기적인 관점에서 기계파종이 인력파종 대비 생력화 효과가 크며 경제성도 높은 것으로 판단된다.

Tricholoma matsutake is a commercially valuable fungus that produces gourmet mushrooms. The artificial cultivation method that is currently used to produce fruiting bodies involves the transplantation of pine trees infected with T. matsutake from their natural habitats and the successful infection of young pine trees and mushroom production have been reported in Hongcheon. In this study, T. matsutake genetic diversity and relationships in this region were investigated. A genotype analysis was conducted on 25 fruiting bodies collected from an area approximately 2.56 km2 in size using 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The analysis revealed 25 genotypes and 23 alleles with mean observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities of 0.312 and 0.293, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC), which indicates marker polymorphism, was 0.257. A phylogenetic analysis showed no clear correlation between collection location and genetic distance; a spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated no significant genetic structure within 1600 m; and the Mantel test showed no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. These results were consistent with previous reports on Japanese populations. This study provides insights into the genetic diversity and structure of T. matsutake at a local scale and highlights the need for further studies across broader geographical ranges.

This study questions whether bilingualism in Korean multicultural education is constructed, perceived, and practiced as a discourse of ‘tolerance’. The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions, practices, and implications of bilingual education by analyzing policy documents and field research texts related to multicultural language education. Five major discourses on migrants’ languages in Korea are identified: Korean language as the key for migrants to succeed; Korean language for migrants vs. English language for Koreans; migrants’ languages as a sign of problems and deficiencies; and migrants’ languages for global recognition of Korea. This paper argues that bilingualism in Korea works as tolerance because the discourses and practices of bilingual education, which seem to recognize diverse languages, in effect, discriminate against migrants’ languages, positioning migrant students and their languages as the objects of tolerance, and delimiting the boundaries of tolerance and intolerance. Further, bilingual education discourses depoliticize language discrimination and educational inequality that migrants face.

조영석(趙榮祏, 1686-1761)은 정선(鄭敾, 1676-1759)이 산수화에서 이룩한 예 술적 혁신을 ‘개벽(開闢)’이라고 평가하였다. 정선 이전에 우리나라 산수화의 주류는 중국의 화풍을 수용･변형시킨 것이었다. 정선 이전에도 실경산수화는 그려졌다. 그 러나 이 그림들은 실경감(實景感)이 부족했다. 1711년, 조선시대 회화에 일대 분수령 을 이룬 사건이 일어났는데 이것이 바로 정선의 금강산 여행이다. 그는 이 여행을 마 친 후 <<신묘년풍악도첩(辛卯年楓岳圖帖)>>을 그렸다. 정선이 그의 진경산수화를 통 해 이룩한 거대한 혁신은 무엇이었을까? 정선이 조선시대 산수화에 혁명적인 변화를 이룩할 수 있었던 것은 그가 창의적으로 미점(米點)을 금강산 그림 등 그의 진경산수 화 제작에 활용하였기 때문이다. 미점은 북송시대의 화가인 미불(米芾, 1051-1107) 과 그의 아들인 미우인(米友仁, 1086-1165)이 창안한 회화 기법이다. 미점이 사용된 산수화를 미법(米法)산수화라고 한다. 미점은 구름이 끼고 안개가 자욱한 자연의 습 윤한 모습을 묘사하는데 주로 쓰였다. 그런데 미법산수화는 실경산수화가 아니다. 상 상 속의 구름 낀 산을 그린 것이 미법산수화이다. 정선은 중국의 화가들과 달리 미점 을 실재하는 경치를 그리는데 사용하였다. 즉 그는 미점을 구름과 안개가 낀 산의 습 윤한 모습을 표현하는 데 쓰지 않고 실제 경치를 묘사하는데 사용함으로써 미법산수 화의 성격을 근본적으로 변화시켰다. <<신묘년풍악도첩>> 속 <단발령망금강산>을 보면 단발령을 묘사하는데 많은 미점이 사용되었다. 같은 화첩 속 <장안사>에는 옆으로 긴 점이 나무를 표현하는데 사용되었는데 이 점은 미점의 변형이다. 정선은 미점으로 조선의 산천을 그렸다. 결국 정선의 진경산수화는 ‘미점으로 그려낸 실경산수화’라고 할 수 있다. 조영석이 언급한 ‘개벽’은 정선이 그린 진경산수화의 가장 중요한 특징인 미점의 적극적이고 창의적인 사용에서 비롯되었다. <<신묘년풍악도첩>>은 1711년에 정선이 이룩한 회화 혁명이 무엇인지를 알려주고 있다.

This study examined the differences in the use of {ne} and {je} in Korean dramas from the 1990s and 2010s in terms of gender and discourse situations. The research focuses on how male and female characters use {ne} and {je} differently in public and private contexts for each era, and how these patterns have changed over time. The findings are summarized as follows. First, in the 1990s, men primarily used {je} in public settings and alternated between {ne} and {je} in private contexts, indicating a context-dependent usage pattern. Women, on the other hand, mainly used {je} in both public and private situations, but {ye} appeared more frequently in public settings, showing that women also adjusted their usage according to the context. Second, in the 2010s, men used both {ne} and {je} regardless of the discourse context, while women predominantly used {ne} across contexts. Third, compared to the 1990s, the use of {ne} in public situations increased for both men and women in the 2010s, indicating a notable change, while no change was observed in private settings.

This review examines the importance of measuring practical enteric methane emissions from ruminants, considering their significant impact on global warming. Global warming is significantly driven by an increase in greenhouse gases, with rising methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants accelerating global warming recently. To successfully mitigate CH4 emissions and establish effective strategies, it is essential to apply reliable measurement techniques. This will allow for an accurate assessment of on-farm CH4 emissions. The priority should be to gather CH4 emission data that reflects the actual state of CH4 emissions from ruminants. The review provides an overview of the methods used to measure CH4 emissions from ruminants by compiling existing researches. It introduces the concepts, principles, and limitations of these methods to facilitate comparisons between existing approaches. This review discusses methods for measuring enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants at the farm level, including the tracer technique, laser methane detector, GreenFeed, and sniffer system. These methods are highlighted as potential tools to accumulate substantial data on on-farm CH4 emission from domestic animals with provides examples of international cases. Among these, this review introduces the Sniffer method, a CH4 emission measurement techniques that are suitable for on-farm use under domestic conditions, and emphasizes the necessity of its application. In addition, by presenting international cases where predictive models were developed based on on-farm CH4 measurement techniques, it is projected that if predictive models for CH4 emissions are developed by accumulating data at the farm level, it can contribute to sustainable livestock industry in various promising ways.

본 연구는 씨릴 터너의 󰡔무신론자의 비극󰡕에서 주인공인 무신론적 자연주의자 담빌과 기독교의 섭리를 확고히 믿는 샤를몽과 카스타벨라를 대조함으로써 자연주의적 유물론과 전통적 기독교 관점의 도식적인 대결에 초점을 맞춘다. 이를 위한 분석에서, 본 연구는 터너가 구원과 섭리의 주제를 종교개혁 전후 당대의 종교적 담론의 관점에서 어떻게 묘사하고 있는지를 고찰한다. 󰡔무신론자의 비극󰡕은 종교개혁 이후 르네상스 연극의 특징을 담고 있으나, 선과 악, 심판과 형벌이라는 주제와 관련하여 전통적으로 중세 도덕극에 주로 등장하는 기독교적 심판을 제시하고 있다. 󰡔무신론자의 비극󰡕은 또한 종교윤리와 신의 섭리라는 개념을 다루며, 무신론자 담빌을 통해 인간의 책임을 강조한다. 르네상스 연극이 중세 기독교 교리를 인문주의 전통 속에서 해석한다면, 본 연구에서는 당시의 섭리적 담론에 대한 논쟁에도 불구하고, 후기 르네상스 작품에서 강조하는 종교적 도덕성과 비교하여 무신론자 담빌의 파멸을 통해 종교개혁 이후 신의 법과 영적 부패에 대한 기독교의 심판을 당대의 시대적, 종교적 담론 안에서 어떻게 반영하는지 비교 분석한다.

본 연구는 자율주행상황에서 주관적인 운전 준비도를 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는 심리⋅생리적 지표를 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 51명의 연구대상자가 참여하였고, 설문을 통해 운전 경험, 태도, 운전부하, 상황인식 등을 평가 하였다. 자율주행 중 차량 제어권을 인계받아야 하는 시나리오 동안 심전도를 측정하여 심박변이도 지표를 추출하였 고, 주행 종료 후 연구대상자는 자신의 상태를 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 운전 준비도는 정신적 부하와 부적 상관, 상황 인식과 상황 이해도와는 정적 상관을 보였다. 또한, 심박변이도 지표인 제곱 평균 근간 심박 간격 차이(Root Mean Square of Successive Differences, RMSSD)와 50ms 이상의 연속적인 RR 간격의 차이 비율(proportion derived NN50 by the total number of NN interval, pNN50)과의 유의한 정적 상관관계가 확인되었다. 운전 준비도 수준에 따라 상⋅중⋅하로 나누어 분석한 결과, 높은 운전 준비도 집단은 정신적 부하가 낮고 상황인식 및 상황에 대한 이해 도가 유의하게 높았으며, 자율주행 구간에서 pNN50이 높은 경향이 있었다. 마지막으로 상황인식과 RMSSD가 운전 준비도의 주요 예측 지표로 확인되었다. 이는 운전 준비도가 낮은 운전자는 자율신경 각성이 높고, 높은 운전자는 부교감신경계의 활성화로 인해 심리적, 생리적으로 안정된 상태임을 의미한다. 본 연구는 운전자의 주관적인 운전 준비도를 예측하기 위한 운전자의 심리 및 생리 지표를 확인하였고, 이는 운전자의 운전 준비 상태를 모니터링하는 기술에 적용되어 사고 예방에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Natural products have recently emerged as promising candidates for anticancer therapeutics. However, research on their use as adjuvants to existing chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains limited. This study investigated the potential of METO, a methanol extract derived from Thuja orientalis, to induce apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms in the OSCC cell line HSC4. The results demonstrated that METO induces apoptosis in HSC4 cells, which is likely mediated through the activation of the ERK and JNK pathways, both of which were observed to be activated in METO-treated cells. Additionally, METO-induced apoptosis appears to involve signaling pathways associated with SOCS3 and p53. These findings highlight that METO exhibits strong anticancer activity in OSCC cells and suggest its potential as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for OSCC treatment.

2020년부터 국토교통부에서 추진해 온 “디지털 트윈국토”정책은 데이터 구축사업과 별도로 국가표준화도 동시에 진행되 어 표준과 실제 구축된 데이터 간의 연계성이 부족하다. 2024년에 21종의 표준 즉, 건물, 교통, 실내 공간, 수치표고모형, 지하 부문에 각각 데이터 모델, 품질, 메타데이터, 제품 사양이 제·개정되었다. 본 연구는 건물, 교통, 실내 공간, 수치표고모형 4종의 데이터 모델 표준의 유효성 검증 및 데이터 모델 간 정합성 검증을 목적으로 한다. 표준전문가의 입장과 표준 사용자의 입장에서 유효성을 7가지의 방법으로 유효성과 정합성을 검증하였다. 기존의 국토지리정보원의 건물과 교통은 메쉬(mesh)기반 의 3차원 구조를 갖는 반면에, 디지털 트윈국토 데이터의 건물과 교통, 그리고 실내 모델은 개별 객체의 구조를 갖고 있고, 기존 수치지도와 국토부의 여러 코드 리스트와도 연계할 수 있는 속성정보를 포함하고 있다. 각 건물, 교통, 실내 공간, 수치표고 모형, 각 부문 간의 데이터 모델 표준에서 객체 간 연속성 및 정합성이 보장되도록 클래스 간 논리성을 검증하였다. 검증과정에서 시범지역을 대상으로 한 데이터 구축과 시나리오 구성과 플랫폼 위에 데이터를 올려 시나리오를 적용을 통해 데이터 모델의 유효성을 이해할 수 있도록 하였다.

This study examines the impact of organizational culture on organizational performance and the mediating role of self-efficacy in Korean companies operating in Vietnam. Key research questions include the influence of organizational culture on performance, its effect on self-efficacy, and the mediating role of self-efficacy in this relationship. Survey data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 through reliability, validity, correlation, and multiple regression analyses. Findings include: Organizational culture significantly affects job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Organizational culture also impacts self-efficacy. Self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between bureaucratic, market, and productive cultures and both job satisfaction and organizational organizational culture for Korean companies to enhance their performance in Vietnam. commitment. Among these, self-efficacy had the strongest mediating effect on bureaucratic and productive cultures, while market culture showed no mediating effect. The study highlights the importance of integrating self-efficacy and organizational culture for Korean companies to enhance their performance in Vietnam.

블루베리 재배 농가에서 사용되고 있는 산림 부산물인 파쇄 잣구과를 멀칭 재료로 사용하여 일반적으로 사용하는 황 처리와 비교 분석하였다. 멀칭 무처리구와 잣구과, 잣구과+황, 황, 잣나무 잎을 멀칭 후 블루베리의 생장(수고, 잎 너비와 길이)과 생리 상태(엽록소 함량, 엽록소 형광 반응), 잎의 무기영양 상태, 토양 화학성(질소, 칼륨, 칼슘, pH, 유기물)을 분석하였다. 블루베리는 멀칭 처리한 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 생장을 보였다. 잣구과와 황 멀칭 처리는 대조구 대비 수고 2.9배, 잎 너비 1.2배, 잎 길이 1.2배 증가하였으며 엽록소 함량도 증가하여 블루베리의 생리·생장에 우수한 효과를 나타냈다. 잣구과 단용 처리구보다는 잣구과와 황 멀칭 처리구가 블루베리의 생리 상태가 양호하게 나타났으 며, 생장과 생리 특성 및 토양의 화학성이 개선되어 블루베리 재배에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 판단되며, 향후 대면적의 장기적인 관찰을 통해 파쇄 잣구과 멀칭이 블루베리의 과실 품질에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 한다.

In recent years, electric shock accidents at industrial sites continue to occur, and various measures are being taken to reduce accidents. Among them, safety education is mentioned as a basic measure for the prevention of industrial accidents and the protection of workers. This study attempted to empirically analyze the effect of electrical safety education on safety consciousness and safety behavior and verify whether it is effective. To this end, a total of 343 people, including workplace managers and workers, were surveyed, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and simple linear & hierarchical regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS 24.0 statistical program. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that the higher the electrical safety education, the more positive (+) effect was on the safety consciousness. Second, it was found that the higher the electrical safety education, the more significant positive (+) effect was on safety behavior. Third, it was found that the higher the safety consciousness, the more positive (+) effect was on safety behavior. Finally, it was verified that safety consciousness plays a partial mediating role in the influence of electrical safety education on safety behavior.