Background : Nowadays obesity has increased dramatically in developed countries which lead various metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and the risk of stroke. Thus, looking forward a new chemical entity from natural sources which have a strong potential of anti-lipid regulation activity. Recently, protein based nanomedicine offers a new approach to treat a number of diseases including metabolic disorder such as obesity. In this study we evaluated the anti-lipid regulation effect of nano-carrier Bovine serum albumin and Mesoporous silica (MSNPs) conjugated ginsenoside F1 in 3T3-L1adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes. Methods and Results : BSA incorporated drugs has been shown to protect the drug degredation as well as improvement bioavalilability. To assess the anti- adipogenic effect of BSA-F1 and MSNPs-F1 cell viability was investigated in different time point of cell cycle growth and the intracellular lipid accumulation was evaluated in mature adipocytes and hepatocytes by Oil red staining assay. In addition, transcriptional gene regulation was quantified by the real time PCR for targeting adipogenic genes such as PPARγ, STAT3, CEBPα, ap2 and aP2 as well as hepatogenic genes such as ACC, AMPK, FAS and PPARα. Moreover, protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting assay. Conclusion : Altogether, the above results were confirmed that BSA-F1 at dose 25 μM exhibited the anti-adipogenesis effect by downregulating the major transcriptional factors PPAR γ/STAT3 in signalling in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes and upregulated the fatty acid oxidative AMPK signaling in fatty acid induced HepG2 hepatocytes.

Background : Anemarrhena asphodeloides has efficacy such as anti-fungal, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, Anti-UV etc. Metal nanoparticles are used for photo imaging, cancer resection and drug delivery etc in medical field. Therefore A. asphodeloides nanoparticles will be expected better efficacy for therapeutic properties in medical field. Methods and Results : The water extract of A. asphodeloides mediated the synthesis of Aa-AgNPs and Aa-AuNPs. Their characterized by several physicochemical techniques such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FE-TEM, EDX spectroscopy, SAED pattern, DLS size analysis, XRD analysis, and FTIR analysis. Both Aa-Ag/AuNPs were evaluated for cytotoxicity towards 3T3-L1, A549, HT29 and MCF7. Aa-AgNPs and Aa-Au NPs were found to be spherical, face-centered cubic nanocrystals with hydrodynamic diameter of 190 and 258 ㎚. In vitro cytotoxic analysis revealed that up to 50 ㎍/㎖-1 concentration Aa-Au NPs did not exhibit any toxicity on 3T3-L1, HT29 and MCF7 cell lines, while being specifically cytotoxic to A549 cell line. On the contrary, Aa-Ag NPs displayed a significantly higher toxicity in all cell lines specially MCF7 cell line. ROS generation was not affected by Aa-Au NPs, but Aa-AgNPs has a higher potential to induce oxidative stress in A549 cells than HT29 and MCF7 cells. Aa-Au NPs have the potential for anticancer agent during lung cancer treatment. Aa-AgNPs is also exhibited to inhibit cell migration by induce oxidatie stress. Conclusion : The Aa-Au/AgNPs might have the anticancer potential and might be effective in the lung cancer therapy, however further evaluation is must needed.

This study evaluated the orientation control of steel fibers in cementitious materials using magnetic field. With the increases in the range of the magnetic field, the effective length of the orientation control of the steel fiber is increased and the orientation control effect is larger.

This study evaluated the influence of nozzle shapes in the orientation of fibers in cementitious materials. The nozzle shapes involved in the study are conventional, balded, and tapered circulars. The results showed that both the bladed and tapered nozzles increased the control performance of fiber orientation compared to the conventional nozzle. In particular, bladed nozzle was more effective in controlling the fiber orientation.

The aim of this study is to assess a looseness in a bolt being utilized for connecting components of a structural elements with the help of an Nd:YAG pulsed laser scanning system. Ultrasonic wave propagation imaging (UWPI) of a waveform generated using laser light and recorded by AE sensor was first found. Filtering operation was performed to remove an incident wave. The energy in the reflected wave was further assessed to arrive at a result which indicates structural defect has appeared, i.e., bolt loosening.

This study is a basic research for the development of ‘Marginal Village Policy’ in response to the hollowing-out of rural areas. For this purpose, the viewpoint of “Regeneration” & “Reconstruction” of the “Marginal Village Theory” and the recent “Rural Planning Theory of Evacuation” in Japan were reviewed. The background and trends of Marginal Village policy in Japan were also investigated. And based on this, the implications and future tasks for Korea were summarized as follows; ①It is necessary to be interested in the disappearance of villages and marginal villages and to form positive discussions and social consensus. ② Continuous field investigation and management of changes in population and village functions at regional and village level are required. ③In addition to increasing the importance of depopulation problems, it is necessary to establish ‘marginal villages’ as a public policy target. ④It is necessary to review and consider the viewpoint of reconstruction along with regeneration. ⑤It is necessary to pay attention that the software project is expanded, and the regeneration & reconstruction policies of the rural villages are aimed at revitalizing the rural community. ⑥It is necessary to consider the possibility of applying ‘spacial construction’ along with the expansion of the academic debate on the ‘rural planning theory of evacuation’. On the basis of this, in this study, rural villages were classified into ‘continuous villages’, ‘semi-marginal villages’ and ‘marginal villages’ according to the degree of marginalization, and the basic framework of ‘Marginal Village Policy’ was proposed, which is to encourage the differentiated policies of ‘continuous villages’ by ‘rural village policy’, ‘semi-marginal villages’ and ‘marginal villages’ by ‘marginal village policy’.

대형 용접 구조물에 대한 피로설계 수명의 예측은 일반적으로 Palmgren Miner과 등가손상도 방법 또는 선형누적손상도 방법을 사용한다. 또한 용접 구조물에서 피로 균열이 발생되면 잔존 수명은 S-N 곡선과 선형 파괴역학에 기초하여 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 면외거 셋 용접이음의 3차원 피로균열 진전거동과 피로수명을 예측하기 위하여 피로 시험을 실시하였다. 면외거셋 용접이음의 3차원 피로균열진전 해석은 NX NASTRAN 및 FRANC3D를 이용하여 유한요소 해석을 실시하였다. 면외거셋 용접이음의 균열 형상비, 초기균열 크기 및 응력비에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 피로균열진전 해석을 실시하였다. 또한 초기균열크기, 균열 형상비와 응력비의 변화에 따른 3차원 피로균열진 전 해석 결과와 피로시험결과를 비교하였다. 피로균열진전 해석결과, 피로균열 진전속도와 응력확대계수와의 관계에서 피로시험과 유사하게 나타남을 확인하였으며, 면외거셋 용접이음의 피로수명을 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Background: Traditional plant drugs, are less toxic and free from side effects compared to general synthetic drugs. They have been used for the treatment of diabetes and associated renal damage. In this study, we evaluated effect of Hachimi-jio-gan against diabetic renal damage in a rat model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy induced by subtotal nephrectomy plus streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and db/db mice as a model of human type 2 diabetes, and its associated complications. To explore the active components of Hachimi-jio-gan, the antidiabetic effect of corni fructus, a consituent of Hachimi-jio-gan, and 7-O-galloyl-D-sedoheptulose, a phenolic compound isolated from corni fructus, were investigated. Methods and Results: We conducted an extensive literature search, and all required data were collected and systematically organized. The findings were reviewed and categorized based on relevance to the topic. A summary of all the therapeutic effects were reported as figures and tables. Conclusions: Hachimi-jio-gan serves as a potential therapeutic agent to against the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. From the results of characterization active components of corni fructus, 7-O-galloyl-D-sedoheptulose is considered to play an important role in preventing and/or delaying the onset of diabetic renal damage. 7-O-Galloyl-D-sedoheptulose is expected to serve as a novel therapeutic agent against the development of diabetic nephropathy.

All the structures include initial imperfections that can affect the structural behavior and stability, particularly during construction. Therefore, for a concrete beam with an initial lateral deformation, creep analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of the initial imperfection on the creep deformation of the beam in the both vertical and lateral directions.

Recently, fiber-reinforced concrete has been commonly applied to floor slabs. Therefore, this study introduces a program that can determine an optimum content of fibers incorporated in concrete accounting for the flexural and punching shear capacities, as well as serviceability conditions in the design of fiber-reinforced concrete floor slabs.

샌프란시스코 평화조약에서는 독도명칭이 조문 어디에도 기재되지 않았으므로 샌프란시스코 평화조약 조문만 보면 독도의 귀속을 알 수 없다. 그런데 2차 대전 이후에 결정된 일본영토 중 “작은 섬들”에 대해서는 적어도 영국과 미국의 합의에 의해 결정되어야 하는 것이 ｢포츠담선언｣의 원칙이었다. SCAPIN 제677호로 독도가 한국영토로 정해진 내용이 샌프란시스코 평화조약의 초안 작성과정 초기에 영향을 주었고 미국이 작성한 초안은 1949년까지 주로 독도를 한국영토로 기재했다. 그 후 미국은 독도를 일본영토로 하기로 했고 이에 반대한 영국과 영연방국가들 이 독도를 일본영토에서 제외한 초안을 작성했다. 이 과정에서 독도가 일본영토로 결정되지 않았음이 분명하다. 왜냐하면 미국이 독도를 일본영토로 규정한 ｢러스크 서한｣을 영국과의 합의 없이 비밀리에 한국으로만 송부했기 때문이다. 만약에 독도가 일본영토라는 합의가 영미 간에 있었다고 한다면 미국은 ｢러스크 서한｣을 공개해도 아무 문제가 없었지만 미국이 그렇게 하지 않았다는 이유는 바로 영미 두 나라의 입장으로는 독도를 일본영토로 결정하지 않았음을 뜻한다. 그것은 결국 SCAPIN 제677호의 규정을 변경하지 않았음을 의미하는 것이다. 일본 측이 계속 독도문제를 국제사법재판소에 회부하자고 한국 측에 요구하지만 이 방법 은 한국 측에서 독도문제를 ‘분쟁’으로 인정하고 국제사법재판소 회부에 동의하지 않으면 적용할 수 없다. 1965년에 체결된 교환공문에 의한 조정방식도 독도문제를 ‘분쟁’으로 규정해야 작동되므로 한국 측의 거부로 적용이 불가능하다. 이런 상황에서 일단 이론적으로 가능한 방법은 독도문제를 분쟁으로 인정하지 않으면서 도 한일 간 합의를 통해 독도문제를 원만하게 해결하는 통상적인 ‘조정’방식이다. 이 경우에는 서로 원하는 것을 얻는 방식이어서 한국 측은 독도영유권을 얻고 일본 측은 대신 다른 무엇인가를 얻는 것이다. 그러나 독도는 한국의 고유영토이므로 한국인의 감정으로는 일본 측이 독도를 한국영토로 인정하는 것만 필요한 것이어서 일본 측에 줄 것은 없다고 주장할 가능성이 높다. 그러므로 이 방법도 국민적 공감대를 얻기가 어렵다. 가장 현실성이 있는 방법은 일본이 국제적인 선례를 따라 오키노토리 섬을 바위로 인정 한 다음 한일 간에서 독도를 섬이 아닌 바위로 간주해 독도로부터 배타적 경제수역을 설정 하지 않고 울릉도와 일본의 오키 섬 사이에 배타적 경제수역의 경계선을 설정하는 방법이다.

To properly maintain steel structures, it is important to investigate the corrosivity of structural member. In this study, atmospheric exposure tests were carried out for 1 year using monitoring steel plates (MSP). In addition, atmospheric corrosion environment were also monitored by temperature and humidity sensor, corrosion monitoring (ACM) sensors, etc.

The current seismic design parameter demands less distortions and preservation of nonstationary characteristics and phase angle in design acceleration time histories. This research presents an improved iterative spectral matching method in the time domain for generating acceleration time series compatible with the target design spectrum with high frequency enrichment. A modified correction function in time domain referred as windowed adjustment functionto modify the selected initial input ground motion is proposed.

Extended Accumulated SIBIE in order to improve the limit of visibility of Accumulated SIBIE method is a method to significantly improve the performance of measurements by extension the region of visibility to a low-frequency region. Decrease of resonant frequency displayed in the lower frequency region than the thickness frequency is due to reduction in rigidity by essentially degradation and cross-sectional loss of members. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between the resonance frequency and the deterioration or damage patterns to learn these patterns. In this research, by obtaining the vibration mode and the natural frequency by the eigenvalue analysis, it was confirmed that dynamic analysis which take time and effort can be minimized.

This study measured the in-plane and out-of-plane deflections of a beam using image processing technology. The deflections and rotation obtained from the vision-based measurement were compared with those from the traditional, current measurement method using three wired potentiometers. The results of this study indicated that the proposed vision-based measurement system was successfully applied to evaluating the out-of-plane deflections of a beam including the vertical in-plane deflection.