Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastrointestinal disorder with diverse symptoms but no structural or organic manifestations. Benachio-F® (herein named ‘BF-1’) is an over-the-counter liquid digestive formulated with multiple herbal extracts, which has been reported to improve symptoms of FD. A total two experiments were conducted. First, we examined whether BF-1 can modulate the progression of FD through two experimental rat models. A total of three doses (0.3x, 1x, 3x of the human equivalent dose) were used. In the gastric emptying model, both 1x (standard) or 3x (3-fold-concentrated) BF-1 enhanced gastric emptying was compared with that of vehicle-treated animals. In a feeding inhibition model induced by acute restraint stress, treatment with 1x or 3x BF-1 led to a similar degree of restoration in food intake that was comparable to that of acotiamide-treated animals. Among the constituents of BF, fennel is known for its choleretic effect. Thus, we next investigated whether a novel BF-based formula (named ‘BF-2’) that contains an increased amount of fennel extract (3.5-fold over BF-1), has greater potency in increasing bile flow. BF-2 showed a superior choleretic effect compared to BF-1. Furthermore, the postprandial concentration of serum secretin was higher in animals pretreated with BF-2 than in those pretreated with BF-1, suggesting that the increased choleretic effect of BF-2 is related to secretin production. Our results demonstrate that BF-1 can modulate the pathophysiological mechanisms of FD by exerting prokinetic and stress-relieving effects, and that BF-2 has a better choleretic effect than BF-1.

본 연구는 정원 장미에서 화색과 향기의 상관관계를 분석하기 위해 개화단계 동안 화색소와 향기물질 구성의 변화를 조사하였 다. 화색과 향기 특성이 다른 세 품종의 정원 장미를 식물재료로 이용하였다. ‘Faustinia’는 황색 꽃잎과 tea-type향을 가지며, ‘Liparfum’은 적색 꽃과 sweet-type향을, ‘Tchaikovsky Meichibon’ 은 약한 향의 백색 꽃을 피운다. 개화과정을 S1에서 S5까지 5단 계로 나뉘어 설정하였다. 세 품종에서 꽃과 꽃잎의 크기, 꽃잎의 생체중과 같은 형태적 특성은 S1에서 S4로 개화가 진행됨에 따 라 증가했다. ‘Faustinia’와 ‘Liparfum’은 S3까지 화색이 선명하고 밝아지고 이후 퇴색되어 a*와 b*값이 감소하였다. 세 품종 모두 향기는 S3~S4에서 가장 강했다가 S5에서 감소하였다. ‘Faustinia’ 의 총 카로티노이드와 ‘Liparfum’의 총 안토시아닌 함량은 S1대 비 S3에서 약 7.2~40.5배 증가하였고 S5에서 약 30.6%까지 현저 하게 감소하였다. 백색 계열 ‘Tchaikovsky Meichibon’의 화색소 함량은 개화 과정 중 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으나 S5에서 2.3배 감소하였다. 향기물질은 화색소 변화와 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 2-phenylethanol과 3,5-dimethoxytholuene은 모든 품종 ‘Faustinia’ (84.2%), ‘Liparfum’(89.6%), ‘Tchaikovsky Meichibon’(94.8%) 에서 높은 함량비율을 보였고, 테르펜 향기물질 구성비율은 역순 으로 높았다. ‘Liparfum’의 안토시아닌은 향기물질 2-phenylethanol (r=-0.51), 3,5-dimethoxytoluene(r=-0.72**), eugenol(r=-0.58*),neral(r=-0.48), geranial(r=-0.42)과 음의 상관관계를 보였으나, 카로티노이드는 명확한 상관성을 갖지 않았다

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii (Tg), is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. Currently, safe and efficient therapeutic options for this disease are still being developed, and are urgently needed. Agrimonia pilosa (A. pilosa) is a rosaceous plant, and widely distributed in Asia. The bioactive compounds in A. pilosa Ledeb include flavonoid, triterpenoids, and isocoumarin, and have been reported to show many pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities.The aim of this study was to determine Anti-protozoal efficacy of Agrimonia pilosa ethanol extract (APE) against Toxoplasma gondii (Tg). In this study, APE was examined and screened for anti-Tg activity. Seventy percent ethanol was used for herbal extraction. For anti-Tg activity screening, in vitro study with APE using tachyzoit of Tg RH strain infected HeLa cells were performed. Also, in vivo anti- Tg study using the mouse infection model was conducted. As the results, the selectivity of APE was 3.35, which was higher than Sulfadiazine selectivity (2.08). Also, we performed in vivo animal study to evaluate the anti-Tg activity of APE with mouse model. As the results, Anti-toxoplasma activity of the APE was as high as sulfadiazine. These results demonstrate that it can be successfully cured against Tg infection with APE. It could be a promising native herb treatment for the prevention of Tg infection.

우리나라 정원의 식물 이용 현황을 알아보고자 전국 36개 정원을 대상으로 정원식물을 조사하였다. 정원은 6가지 유형 으로 구분하였다. 그 결과, 36개소 정원에는 정원식물 712종 류가 식재되고 있었다. 교목, 관목, 초본의 비중은 평균 1:2:7 이었다. 개별 정원(10×10㎡)에서 교목은 평균 2.5종으로 12.6%, 관목은 4.1종 20.7%, 초본은 13.2종 66.7%를 차지했다. 식재 빈도 상위 5%에 40여 종이 포함되었으며, 맥문동, 일본조팝나 무, 수국, 회양목, 단풍나무, 옥잠화, 에키네시아, 산철쭉이 대 표적이었다. 양지형 정원에는 관목이 상대적으로 적고 초본이 많았으며 다른 유형보다 20~40% 이상 다양했다. 그늘형은 초 본보다 교목이 많았으며, 건조형 및 습지형과 마찬가지로 식 재 다양성이 20% 감소했다. 옥상정원의 도시형 정원은 초본 이 전체의 80~90%를 차지하고, 해안형 정원에는 목본과 초본 이 1:1로 목본 중심의 식재 특성을 보였다. 결과적으로 정원 유형에 따라 식재 다양성과 구성 비율이 명확한 차이를 나타 냈다.

Periodontal disease is a chronic but treatable condition which often does not cause pain during the initial stages of the illness. Lack of awareness of symptoms can delay initiation of treatment and worsen health. The aim of this study was to develop and compare different risk prediction models for periodontal disease using machine learning algorithms. We obtained information on risk factors for periodontal disease from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) dataset. Principal component analysis and an auto-encoder were used to extract data on risk factors for periodontal disease. A synthetic minority oversampling technique algorithm was used to solve the problem of data imbalance. We used a combination of logistic regression analysis, support vector machine (SVM) learning, random forest, and AdaBoost to classify and compare risk prediction models for periodontal disease. In cases where we used principal component analysis (PCA) to extract risk factors, the recall was higher than the feature selection method in the logistic regression and support-vector machine learning models. AdaBoost’s recall was 0.98, showing the highest performance of both feature selection and PCA. The F1 score showed relatively high performance in Ada- Boost, logistic regression, and SVM learning models. By using the risk factors extracted from the research results and the predictive model based on machine learning, it will be able to help in the prevention and diagnosis of periodontal disease, and it will be used to study the relationship with various diseases related to periodontal disease.

Humulus japonicus (HJ) is a widely used herbal medicine for pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, leprosy, and venomous wounds in Asia, particularly in China. Although HJ has certain physiological activities, such as longitudinal bone growth, antioxidation and alleviation of rheumatism, its anticancer activities, other than in colorectal and ovarian cancer, are yet to be studied. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity and mechanism of methanol extracts of HJ (MeHJ) against human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeHJ suppressed FaDu cell viability without affecting normal cells (L929), which was demonstrated using the MTT and Live & Dead assays. Furthermore, MeHJ effectively inhibited colony formation of FaDu cells, even at non-cytotoxic concentrations, and significantly induced apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-9, -3, -7, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and through the downregulation of BCL-2 and upregulation of BAX in FaDu cells, as determined by DAPI staining, flow cytometry, and western blot analyses. Collectively, these findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of MeHJ on the growth and colony formation of oral cancer cells may be mediated by caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, MeHJ has the potential to be used as a natural chemotherapeutic drug against human oral cancer.

The PoN (Proof of Nonce) distributed consensus algorithm basically uses a non-competitive consensus method that can guarantee an equal opportunity for all nodes to participate in the block generation process, and this method was expected to resolve the first trilemma of the blockchain, called the decentralization problem. However, the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm can be greatly affected by the network transaction transmission delay characteristics of the nodes composing the block chain system. In particular, in the consensus process, differences in network node performance may significantly affect the composition of the congress and committee on a first-come, first-served basis. Therefore, in this paper, we presented a problem by analyzing the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm, and suggested a fairness control algorithm using a learning-based probabilistic acceptance rule to improve it. In addition, we verified the superiority of the proposed algorithm by conducting a numerical experiment, while considering the block chain systems composed of various heterogeneous characteristic systems with different network transmission delay.

This study attempted to reinterpret the meaning of the Roh MooHyun Jeju-Declaration in accordance with the age of artificial intelligence based on the liberal theory. In the era of artificial intelligence, a new aspect of the U.S.-China hegemonic competition was considered. The Roh MooHyun Declaration, which declared Jeju Island a peaceful island, was reinterpreted from three points of view of liberal theory. This study presented the necessity and orientation of the World Peace Island Network International Organization.

This research analyzed the environmental, social, and economic value of Jeju Island BR. The findings from this research enable us to draw the following as conclusions in relation to the value of Jeju Island BR as an internationally protected area. First: The value of BR humans can receive through conservation as an indirect use depends on two factors. One is what sectors of BR are covered in examining its value. The other is the default factor which is substituted in the estimation of an economic value by sector of the BR. Second: Sustainable use of BR refers to its direct use. It is of course true that the direct use provides humans with many benefits in terms of improving material affluence and convenience in life. Third: Sustainable use does not mean there is no impact on the conservation of BR, but it means minimal impact on the entire BR or within the resilience of natural circulating ecosystem. Fourth: In the context of the above third conclusion, it would be necessary to conduct an empirical research on whether the current land-use in BR is within its carrying capacity. Fifth: In order to achieve the land-use within the carrying capacity of BR, there must be an explicit consideration of ecological implications of the existing social and economic decision as a cultural ethos in a way to environmentalism from consumerism. Sixth: Change in human perspective on the relation between humans and nature from anthropocentrism to ecocentrism is a necessary condition to establish environmentalism as a cultural ethos. Seventh: Nonetheless, nature and human activities toward nature have been in a conflicting relationship throughout the history of human civilization. The conflicting relationship may be termed a dialectic process through historical stages.

WAIS in South Korea and WEU Inc. in Philadelphia hosting the 22nd World Peace Island Forum: Remembering Jeju King Cherry Trees Bio-diplomacy (1943) in Washington D.C. and the first Korean Congress Democracy (1919) in Philadelphia which organized by the Korean Provisional Government from March 22 to 24, 2022. We want to propose cultural historic events which connect American and Korean society, such as the Trip to Faith and Liberty Hall that relate to the integration processes of Korean and American Democracy. Dean Max Friedman of American University calls the Jeju King cherry trees cultural event bio-diplomacy among world citizens. In addition, the Korean embassy evaluated the cherry tree event as a new kind of bio-diplomacy approach which paves the way for understanding different cultures in different countries. The aim of this paper is to share present contexts and meanings about both the first Korean Congress Democracy (1919) and Bio-diplomacy (1943). We had also the 2022 GAN Korea Jeju to Philadelphia Webinar Conference: Diversity as a New Diversity for Global Ageing Network in New Normal: Jeju Village Healing, PASSi Asian Culture, Japanese Indigenous Peace Culture, and Busan Smart Health Care approach.

We have prepared MIL-101/graphene oxide (GO) composites with various mixing molar ratio of Fe-containing metal– organic frameworks (MOFs) against GO. When synthesizing MOFs, it was possible to synthesize uniform crystal powders using hydrothermal method. MIL-101 consists of a terephthalic acid (TPA) ligand, with the central metal composed of Fe, which was the working electrode material for supercapacitors. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis had been done to ascertain microstructures and morphologies of the composites. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements were performed to analyze the electrochemical properties of the composite electrodes in 6 M KOH electrolyte. By controlling the metal ligand mole ratio against GO, we prepared a changed MOF structure and a different composite morphology, which could be studied as one of the promising optimized electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Traditional tie-dyeing is widely implemented in the clothing handicraft culture in China, South Korea, and Japan. Since it was developed 2,000 years ago, it has become a popular method of fabric making in the world and is highly respected by fashion designers. Based on the existing traditional tie-dyeing methods, this study conducted specific research on the 3D printing technology of the SLS laser method and the micro tool design application method of the clamp-dyeing process. Through the experimental methods of this study, it proposes to use the “7000 Nylon” material, which is commonly used in 3D printing, to develop a new clamp-dyeing tool. This new tool can be widely used in the clamp-dyeing of fabrics, such as cotton, hemp, silk, and some chemical fibers. The applied method and principle can be consistent with the traditional clamp-dyeing method. Therefore, the innovation of tie-dyeing technology is the best protection measure for the development and inheritance of traditional fabric making. The continuation of artistic life needs originality, which is also the best response to market competition. At the same time, this new design of the clamp-dyeing tool has the characteristics of novelty, innovation, and rich changes, which aligns with the new fashion demands of current fabric design.

This study analyzes the influence of the social and cultural background of Art Nouveau on the costumes, architecture, and crafts in the period drama ‘Crimson Peak’. This research method captures images of women’s costumes, architecture, and crafts in the ‘Crimson Peak’ and selects and analyzes those with a clear Art Nouveau influence. Edith’s costumes are characterized by the Art Nouveau style that emerged in the 1890s, with an hourglass silhouette, pastel colors, soft materials, and organic curved embellishments. Lucille’s costumes show characteristics that were prevalent before the 1890s, using bustles, strong colors, and elaborate ornamentation. The architecture is characterized by gothic vertical lines and organic curves, naturalistic patterns featuring animals and plants, and steel and glass materials. The crafts of ‘Crimson Peak’ are characterized by flexible shapes with strong, organic curves. These costumes, architecture, and crafts share formal elements including waving, twisting, and organic curves and plant-shaped motifs. The influence of social and cultural background of the age of Art Nouveau expressed in movies on formative arts was examined as impressionism appeared in costumes made of pastel colors, thin and see-through materials, medieval Gothic historicism expressed in structures composed of vertical design and religious relief ornament, exoticism appeared in Chinese vase and Japanese-patterned tea sets, naturalism with an animal plant motif and phenomenon of active social activities of progressive women through women’s clothing that elements of men’s costume are introduced. This study will provide data for the production of period dramas set at the end of the 19th century.

일상적인 화학제품들의 사용량이 증가함에 따라 사용되었던 염료 폐기물 처리 또한 중요한 환경 적인 문제로 대두되었다. 이러한 염료폐기물은 광촉매를 이용하여 분해시킬 수 있는데, 졸-겔 기술을 활용 하면 매우 비용 효율적으로 광촉매를 합성할 수 있다. 졸-겔 기술은 나노스케일의 막 형성에도 상당히 유 용하며 간단하게 다층구조를 형성할 수도 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 염료 분해에 효과가 있는 산화아연 (ZnO) 이용하여 다중 회전도포 방법으로 다층구조(3층, 5층)를 가진 ZnO 막을 형성하였다. 성능비교를 위해 단일 회전도포 방법에 의한 단층구조를 가진 ZnO 막을 대조군으로 준비하였다. X선 회절분석기 및 에너지 분산 X선 분광계를 이용하여 ZnO의 구조 및 원소분석을 수행하였고, 주사전자현미경을 통해 나노 선같은 표면형상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 UV-Vis 분광광도계를 활용하여 자외선의 흡수도를 측정 하였다. 5층구조를 가진 ZnO 막이 단층 구조를 가진 ZnO 막에 비해 모의 메틸렌 블루를 49% 더 많이 분해하였다. 결론적으로, 다층구조를 가진 ZnO 는 메틸렌블루 염료를 더욱 효과적으로 분해하는 광촉매로 써 유용하다는 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the expressive elements and techniques of graffiti appearing in the Moschino collection by Jeremy Scott. A theoretical examination of graffiti art and Moschino’s creative designer Jeremy Scott was conducted using previous studies and publications. Accordingly, keywords about the expressive elements and techniques of graffiti and Moschino were identified, as follows: expressive elements of ‘message (slogan)’, ‘symbolized letters or forms’, ‘logo and brand symbol’, ‘graffiti (scribbles)’, ‘child-like elements’, ‘daily element’s and expressive techniques of ‘using primary colors (color contrast)’, ‘deformation’, ‘distortion’, ‘exaggeration’, ‘illusion (trompe l'oeil)’, ‘collage (repetition)’, ‘simplification (flattening)’, and ‘borrowing heterogeneous objects’. These keywords were then used to analyze Moschino’s collection, comprising seven years of Moschino’s collection photographs officially recorded in the fashion magazine Vogue, ranging from the 2014 F/W to 2020 F/W collections. A total of 761 photos were initially collected, from which 561 were selected by the researcher. Expressive characteristics of graffiti in Moschino’s collection were analyzed, and identified in the following categories: ‘child-like playfulness’, ‘commercial satire’, ‘using daily elements’, and ‘borrowing non-representative techniques’. Accordingly, it was confirmed that expressive characteristics of graffiti were found in the Moschino collection by Jeremy Scott. This study anticipates the possibility of various interpretations from which fashion that communicates closely with contemporary art can be understood.

In the powder bed fusion (PBF) process, a 3D shape is formed by the continuous stacking of very fine powder layers using computer-aided design (CAD) modeling data, following which laser irradiation can be used to fuse the layers forming the desired product. In this method, the main process parameters for manufacturing the desired 3D products are laser power, laser speed, powder form, powder size, laminated thickness, and laser diameter. Stainless steel (STS) 316L exhibits excellent strength at high temperatures, and is also corrosion resistant. Due to this, it is widely used in various additive manufacturing processes, and in the production of corrosion-resistant components with complicated shapes. In this study, rectangular specimens have been manufactured using STS 316L powder via the PBF process. Further, the effect of heat treatment at 800 °C on the microstructure and hardness has been investigated.

Background: Forward head posture leads to resulting in posture instability and changes in spine alignment. To treat this condition, numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of joint mobilization. However, only a few studies have reported on the intervention location of joint mobilization or its effects on heart rate variability. Objectives: To investigated the effects of joint mobilization intervention at the lower cervical spine on pain, head posture, and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with a forward head posture. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty patients with forward head postures who met the study inclusion criteria were recruited. A randomization program was used to divide the subjects into experimental and control groups. Each group consisted of ten subjects. The intervention was performed for four weeks, three sessions per week, 15 min per day, and non-simultaneously throughout the 12-week study period. Results: A significant decrease in neck pain was shown in both the experimental and control groups. In contrast, significant changes in craniovertebral angle (CVA), cranial rotation angle (CRA), and HRV were found only in the experimental group. Conclusion: The mobilization of the cervical spine is an effective intervention for improving pain, head posture, and HRV.

Background: Volleyball is a team sport that requires a lot of movement and explosive movement. Volleyball players have different roles depending on their position. The reason is that the spiker or center is tall and the libero or setter is relatively small compared to other positions. Objectives: To investigate a difference in basic physical fitness according to the positions of volleyball players and to examine the correlation between basic physical fitness items. Design: Correlational research designs. Methods: A total of 33 male professional volleyball players were recruited for each position by position: 15 spikers, 7 centers, 5 setters, and 6 liberos. Muscle endurance, power, agility, and balance ability were measured as basic physical fitness items. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in agility according to each position (P<.05), and a positive correlation was indicated in muscle endurance and power (P<.05). Conclusion: A training program can be developed based on the correlation between training and basic physical fitness according to the positions of volleyball players.

Background: Short foot exercise, which is an intrinsic foot muscle exercise proposed by the foot core system, is used to improve the strength of intrinsic foot muscles and sensory input and function of the foot. However, there is a lack of studies that assessed the improvement in foot function after short foot exercise in patients undergoing rehabilitation after a modified Broström operation of the ankle joint. Objectives: To investigate the effects of short foot exercise on intrinsic foot muscle cross-sectional area and balance ability in patients who had undergone a modified Broström operation of the ankle joint. Design: A single blind, randomized controlled trial. Methods: Sixteen patients who were undergoing ankle rehabilitation exercises following the modified Broström operation were randomized into two groups. General physical therapy, short foot exercises, and ankle rehabilitation programs were performed in the experimental group (n=8), whereas general physical therapy and ankle rehabilitation programs were performed in the control group (n=8). For outcome measures, the intrinsic muscles of the foot were imaged using the Sonimage HS1 musculoskeletal ultrasound system. The Y-balance test and RS-foot scan system were used to confirm dynamic balance ability and static balance ability. Results: The cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis and dynamic balance ability significantly improved in the experimental group that underwent short foot exercise compared to the control group (P<.05). In contrast, static balance ability was not significantly different between the two groups (P>.05). Conclusion: Short foot exercise successfully increased the cross-sectional area of the abductor muscle and improved dynamic balance after a modified Broström operation

Background: The circuit exercise program is a continuous method that combines complex training types and is an exercise method that is performed to improve performance by improving basic physical strength such as strength, agility, endurance and muscular endurance. Objectives: To examine the effect of exercise program on pulmonary function of professional volleyball players. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: 22 professional volleyball players were divided into two groups of 11 each. A high intensity interval exercise program and circuit exercise program were performed twice a week for 45 minutes for 4 weeks. Results: The changes in pulmonary function in professional volleyball players were significantly different pre and post the intervention in both groups and the interval exercise program group showed a more significant difference before and after the intervention in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second/Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) (P<.05). In addition, there was also a significant difference in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC between two groups (P<.05). Conclusion: The interval exercise program group was effective in improving pulmonary function for professional volleyball players.