This study investigated the distribution and diversity of spider communities living in natural and semi-natural environments located in Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea, and thereby emphasizes the importance of urban planning and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we documented 128 spider species through pit-fall trapping, sweeping, and manual collection methods and analyzed their alpha and beta diversity, nestedness, and interactions. As a result, natural habitats (forests) showed higher biodiversity and more complex species interactions. Despite anthropogenic impacts, such as human activities, urban habitats have shown notable biodiversity. Nestedness analysis and association rule learning reveal diverse community structures in multiple habitats and intricate interspecies relationships. This study highlights the importance of habitat heterogeneity in supporting biodiversity and the importance of considering multiple ecological factors in urban planning.

흰줄숲모기(Aedes albopictus)는 국내보다 해외에서 주요 질병들의 매개체로 인식되고 있으며, 도시 환경에 잘 적응하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 최근 기후변화에 따른 도심 지역의 환경 변화로 인해 모기의 부화율에도 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 예상되어 관련 연구를 위해 서울시 내 25개의 기상청 자동관측장비(AWS)를 통해 수집된 기후데이터를 분석하였으며, 이 가운데 열섬 현상이 강한 도심 지역과 약한 교외 지역을 선정하였다. 이를 통해 임의의 사이 구간을 생성하여 총 9개의 열섬 조건에서 흰줄숲모기의 부화율을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 열섬 현상 이 강할수록 부화율이 증가하였으며, 회귀분석을 통하여 열섬 강도가 강해질수록 이러한 추세가 더욱 빨라질 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시열섬 현상에 따른 기온 변화가 흰줄숲모기의 부화율에 중요한 영향 을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.

한강 3개 보 구간 수변부 11개 지점을 대상으로 2023년 총 2회 채집된 저서성 대형무척추동물은 총 100종 평균 426.0 개체/m2였다. 여주보에서 64종으로 가장 많이 출현하였고, 강천보에서 59종, 이포보에서 54종, 한강보상류 에서 41종, 한강보하류에서 32종이 확인되었다. 전체 평균 개체밀도는 강천보에서 944.1 개체/m2로 가장 많았고, 한강보상류에서 282.7 개체/m2, 여주보에서 251.9 개체/m2, 이포보에서 180.6 개체/m2, 한강보하류에서 172.9 개체 /m2 순으로 확인되었다. 한강 보 구간에서는 플라나리아류, 실지렁이, 깔따구류 등이 우점함. 보구간의 특성상 상대적으로 단순한 하상 및 깊은 수심에 적응성이 높은 실지렁이, 깔따구류의 우점은 일반적인 특성으로 볼 수 있으며 일시적으로 수변부에서 밀집된 플라나리아류의 채집이 이뤄져 우점된 결과를 보인 것으로 보임. 한강 보 구간 수변부 및 중앙부 조사지점별 군집분석을 실시한 결과 한강보 하류는 3개 보에 비해 우점도가 높고 다양도 와 풍부도가 낮았으며 전반적으로 상류부에 위치한 한강보상류 등의 지점에서 군집안정성이 확보되고 있는 것으로 보이며 이러한 점은 상대적으로 다양한 미소서식환경에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

The genus Hyadina Haliday, 1830 is reported for the first time from Korean fauna along with two nominate species: Hyadina fukuharai Miyagi, 1977, and H. pulchella Miyagi, 1977. Their diagnoses, external feature, and a key of these species are provided here.

Until now, only two species of Dichaetomyia Malloch have been recorded in the Korean fauna. In this study, we report two unrecorded species for the first time in Korea. External photographs, key to Korean species and taxonomic information are presented herein.

Hitherto, 37 species in 10 genera under 4 subfamilies have been known from the Korean Peninsula. In this study, three newly recorded species are reported for the first time from Korea: Conops ceriaeformis ussuriensis Zimina, 1974, Physocephala pielina Chen, 1939, and Myopa picta Panzer, 1797. Morphological diagnoses and illustrations of these species are presented. Additionally, a key to all species of Conopidae from Korea is also provided.

The genus Muscidideicus Becker, 1917 is comprised of only one species, M. praetextatus (Haliday, 1855) reported in west Palearctic region. The adults were typically found on sandy beach within the intertidal zone. In the survey of Korean fauna, authors found three new to science species of this genus on the west sea side of Korean Peninsula and Jeju Island. Descriptions and figures of external features of new to science species and key to species of the world are provided here.

An unrecorded gall midge was discovered from inflorescence galls on Castanopsis sieboldii (Makino) Hatus. ex T.Yamaz. & Mashiba, which is one of major components in evergreen forests on the Korean Peninsula. The galls occurred on 20 trees out of 230 on Yokiji Island. The gall midge was identified as Schizomyia castanopsisae Elsayed & Tokuda, 2018 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), using morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) region sequences of gall midge’s larvae. The Barcode sequences of 40 samples collected from Yokji Island were identical, and the individuals from Yokji Island formed a clade with the individuals from Kyushu, with robust bootstrap support in a maximum likelihood tree. This result suggests the gall midges may have migrated from Kyushu, Japan to Yokji Island, South Korea. However, it is too early to determine if the gall midge is truly invasive or not at present due to paucity of distribution data in the country.

The family Baetidae is known to be the most species-rich family in the order Ephemeroptera. The genus Baetis contains up to 160 species, but members of the genus in East Asia are still poorly investigated. In this paper, Baetis spinoculis sp. nov., is described based on larval specimens collected in a stream of the Chiaksan mountain in Korea. While four species in the genus have been described in Korea: Baetis fuscatus (Linnaeus), B. silvaticus Kluge, B. pseudothermicus Kluge, and B. ursinus Kazlauskas, this new species is distinguished from other Korean baetid species by both genetic and morphological characteristics. B. spinoculis can be separated from the related B. pseudothermicus group by the COI genetic distant. The cuticle structures on paraproct plates and abdominal pigment patterns also distinguish B. spinoculis from B. pseudothermicus and other related species.

Moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are small fuzzy flies found in diverse habitats from mountains to urban areas, even in your house. Approximately 3,000 species among 6 subfamilies are recorded worldwide. However, in Korea, only 10 species from 3 genera of the subfamily Psychodinae have been recorded, including 8 species from North Korea. A preliminary study on moth flies in Korea was conducted using specimens collected via malaise traps and by hands from various locations in South Korea. As a result, Brunettia lungjingensis, Thornburghiella decoricornis, Philosepedon monstruosus and our friendly but unrecorded, Clogmia albipunctata are newly described in Korea. Brief descriptions, photographs, and illustrations of these four species are provided.

Valgus Kolbe, 1909 is a small genus of Cetoniinae, with 20 described species worldwide. In Korea, only one species, Valgus koreanus Sawada, have been recorded. Species of this genus have been known that they are commonly associated with termite colonies. They feed on the wall of termite burrows in logs or standing dead trees. In this study, we report a new species of this genus, Valgus gwangneungensis sp. nov.. We provide a key to the species of Valgus, description of the new species and photographs of habitus and male aedeagus.

Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 is a relatively large group in Adelidae, including about 350 species worldwide. Only 13 species are known to Korean insect fauna up to date. The present study is to report N. ochsenheimerella, which is new to Korea. N. ochsenheimerella is externally similar to N. wakayamensis but can be distinguished by having characters in male genitalia as follows: cucullus longer than N. wakayamensis and N. ochsenheimerella has two rows of curnus consisting of numerous minute spines.

Nicrophorus Fabricius, 1775, commonly known as necrophagous beetle, is associated with vertebrate carrion. Up to date, the genus consists of 72 species worldwide. In recent years, various phylogenetic studies explored on the evolution and relationship of the species in the genus. However, morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies produced conflicting results, continuing the problem over whether Nicrophrous quadraticollis is monotypic or not. The present study is to report the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of N. quadraticollis that was sequenced in prior to a systematic research of Silphinae. It was 17,747bp in length and comprised 12 protein-coding genes(PCGs), 2 rRNA Genes, 22 tRNA Genes and one non-coding region. The nucleotide composition is 40.9% for A, 36.7% for T, 9.0% for G and 13.4% for C.

Since Dolichovespula kuami Kim & Yoon was first recorded in Korea in 1996, there has been ongoing debate over its valid specific status. However, through recent analysis of the male genitalia structure and DNA barcode, it has been proven that it is a different species from D. flora Archer, which live in China. D. kuami is an endemic species that mainly lives in forest areas in the central and northern parts of South Korea. It is a hornet species that is relatively rare due to low nest density. Therefore, little is known about their ecological characteristics. However, as numerous wasps of D. kuami were recently collected in the Jilin Province of China, their distribution records have been confirmed to be beyond the Korean Peninsula to China. Therefore, this study aims to record the distribution of D. kuami in China for the first time.

The mayfly genus Drunella is the most diverse genera in the family Ephemerellidae, and is found in lotic streams throughout East Asia and North America. The species D. ishiyamana is found widely throughout East Asia and their species concept has not been properly defined until recently. The D. ishiyamana species group was examined, and morphological and molecular evidence of a new species were uncovered. In this study Drunella punctata sp. nov. is formally described, mainly distinguished from D. ishiyamana by the lack of a notch in their median clypeal tubercle in their larval stage. Photographs, diagnosis, and descriptions of D. punctata are provided.

The genus Anaclasiger which is one of the myrmecophilous beetle (Clavigeritae) was described by Raffray in 1890 with the type species, A. sinuaticollis. Since then, only one species, A. zhudiae, had been added in this genus. The former species has known to distribute in Singapore (type locality), Taiwan (Raffray, 1914), Malaysia (Nomura & Idris, 2005), Thailand and Japan (Nomura et al., 2006), and the latter has been reported only in China (Yin et al., 2012). During specimens research of Korea National Arboretum, we were recognized one species, A. sinuaticollis, collected by pitfall trap in Mt. Geombong. Therefore, we are going to report this unrecorded genus and species for the first time from Korea. Both the information of the species including diagnosis, habitus and male genitalia, and that of the genus distribution on the map are going to be provided.

The family Anamorphidae Strohecker is a beetle family that comprises about 170 species worldwide. This family was traditionally considered as a subfamily of the family Endomychidae Leach because of their similar appearance, but a phylogenetic study revealed it is a separate family. The adults of this family can be distinguished from endomychid species by possessing a tentorium with corpotentorium and separated anterior arms, mesocoxal cavities being broadly closed by meso- and metaventrites, and others. Although more than 20 species have been reported in East Asia, this family has never been reported in Korea. In this study, the family Anamorphidae Strohecker and its 5 species of 3 genera, Bystodes kidoi Sasaji, Bystodes sp.1, Bystodes sp.2, Dexialia hiranoi Narukawa, Idiophyes sp., are reported for the first time in Korea. Illustrations of habitus and diagnostic characters of each species are provided.

This study focuses on developing diagnostic compositions, kits, and information provision methods for identifying species-specific genes in domestically residing Reticulitermes speratus and Reticulitermes kanmonensis, as well as the recently introduced Cryptotermes domesticus. The core innovation of this invention lies in the utilization of species-specific genetic markers to facilitate rapid and accurate species identification using a PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based diagnostic technique. This approach enables swift identification of termites at quarantine stages, contributing to efficient management of imported goods and minimizing ecological and economic damages caused by termites. Through genome analysis of termites, this research has identified candidate species-specific genetic markers, developed diagnostic compositions and kits based on these markers, and proposed a rapid diagnostic method capable of determining termite species within a day, optimally within three hours. This invention provides a groundbreaking tool for termite management and research, significantly contributing to pest control and biodiversity conservation efforts.

Oriental fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis) are one of the most important pests in horticulture worldwide. The distribution information of this species is not easy to be found as it is scattered in many forms of publications such as books, journals, and research reports. The study was conducted by collecting data from various resources, analyzing the information, and interpreting the results. As a result, B. dorsalis was confirmed to be distributed in a total of 82 countries, and the distribution status of each country is presented by dividing it into present (widespread, localized, few occurrences, under eradication) and absent (eradicated, confirmed by survey, intercepted only, invalid presence record). This review is very useful for biologists, entomologists, as well as practitioners of plant protection.

Neomyrhessus Minkina, 2024, is a rare genus comprising six species, recently erected from Myrhessus Balthasar, 1955 for N. nanjingensis. To date, all six species have been reported in East Asia, with five from Japan and one from China. In this study, the genus Neomyrhessus is recorded for the first time in South Korea, with the discovery of a new species Neomyrhessus coreanus sp. nov. Description, illustrations of morphological characters, and habitat information for a new species are provided.