In search and rescue mission the leeway formula based on the field experiments are utilized for the estimation of wind effect on distressed targets. This paper summarized the leeway formula from the available references. In the summary the environmental data collection method and experimental conditions are described along with the formula. Also the formula currently used in CASP of the U.S. Coast Gurard and CANSARP of the Canadian Coast Guard are discussed.

Since 1970s, though many effective construction methods have been established to solve soft ground problems which had occurred in the off shore land reclamation and on shore highway construction, lateral movement of structure on soft ground is still a big problem to engineers. In this study an applicability of criteria for determining the lateral movement of the structure in soft ground is examined and most measured data is obtained from 140 bridge abutments in highway construction sites. Characteristics and effectiveness of existing methods that used for deciding amount of lateral movements of abutment are analyzed using the obtained data. From the analysis, a proper method to prevent lateral movement is proposed. This method is confirmed on several case histories which were constructed on marine clay.

Song Jeong-Sil. 1998. The Structure of VP. Studies in Modern Grammar 14, 27-46. The purpose of this paper is to show what the structure of VP should be like in the framework of minimalism. This paper suggests that the structure of VP at the time the selected arguments are merged be like [vP Agent [v´ v [VP Non-Theme [V´ V Theme]]]]. This paper also suggests that all the DP arguments move overtly to the relevant functional categories for the checking of their case feature. For this case checking, AgrOiP(for Objective Case) and AgrOP(for Inherent Case) are set up between vP and VP. The evidence in support of this analysis is shown in the discussion of various constructions such as dative, ergative, non-accusative, verb-particle, psych-verb, and expletive constructions.

Hwang, Bo-geun. 1998. Syntactic Structures of Beowulf. Studies in Modern Grammar 14, 1-26. The main purpose of this paper is, on the basis of hypotheses of Vennemann`s(1975) and Stockwell(1977b), to analyse the syntactic structures-Genitive/ Noun, Adjective/Noun, Adverb/verb, Preposition/Noun, and Comparative/Standard-and word-order patterns used in Beowulf, and to compare them with word-order patterns of prose, i.e., of Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (ASC) and Pastoral Care (Pastoral). The analysis of the syntactic structures (as shown in Table 7) leads to the conclusion: the arrangement of Genitive/Noun, Adjective/Noun and Adverb/verb shows the OV(/XV) word-order patterns, while that of Preposition/Noun and Comparative/Standard VO(vo) ones. By the analysis of word-order patterns of the sentences in Beowulf the conclusion can be drawn. (1) in the independent/main clauses, the highest frequency is found in V-2 type(SXV/XVS) in the intransitive verbal structures; reversely, but in the transitive ones V-2 type(SOV) has the highest fequencty. (2) in intransitive verbal structures of the dependent clauses, V-3 type is the highest in frequence; of the word-order patterns of transitive ones, V-3 type is dominant. In comparison of word-order patterns of Beowulf with those of ASC and Pastoral, can be said: (1) in the independent/main clauses, the highest frequence of SVX in Beowulf is supposed to be related to the peculiar metrical system(alliteration and caesura), and the highest XVS in ASC and Pastoral is due to the time/place-adverbs, found in the sentence-initial position, serving to bring forth new information; SOV is made dominant in Beowulf by the omission of subjects coreferential to the subjects/objects of the preceding sentences, while in ASC and Pastoral the highest in frequency, SVO, has such syntactic characteristics as the subjects are pronouns or proper names; (2) in the dependent clauses SXV/SOV are the highest in frequency in Beowulf, while in ASC SVX/SVO is the hightest for the same syntactic characteristics as in independent/main clauses; in Pastoral the frequency of SVX is higher than SXV, but SVO and SOV show nearly the same frequency, though the former is a little higher.

흰쥐의 배아발생 동안에 피질반응 후 배아 외부에 새롭게 형성된 피질과립막 (cortical granule envelope, CGE)이 존속하는지 여부와 투명대와 배아표면의 미세구조 변화를 조사하였다. 흰쥐배아의 투명대와 배아표면의 미세구조는 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였으며, 피질과립막 형성과 분포는 Ulex europaeus agglutinin I lectin을 표지하여 형광현미경으로 관찰하였다. 배아표면은 미수정란 과는 다르게 배아표면의 미세융모가 단축

돌고기 Pungtungia herzi 정자의 미세구조를 주사 및 투과 전자현미경적 방법으로 연구하였다. 정자는 구형의 두부, 짧은 중편 및 꼬리로 구성되어 있으며 비교적 그 구조가 단순하고 그 길이는 약 37.4이었다. 정자의 미세구조에서 핵에 대한 접선 방향으로의 편모 배열, 짧은 핵 그리고 미토콘드리아의 비대칭적 배열은 잉어과 정자의 공통된 특징과 마찬가지로 나타났으며, 대부분의 경골어류에서와 같이 첨체를 가지고 있지 않았다. 반면 돌고기 정자에서는

A Korean endemic and evergreen small tree ' Dendropanax morbifera LEV.(Araliaceae)' is a component of evergreen forest and mainly idstributein sourthern region and islands in Korea. A local population of D. morbifera which is located between evergreen and deciduous forest within 50m x 50m quadrate was investigated to ascertain the change of population structure, emergence and growth dynamics of seedlings and saplings, and pattern of spatial distribution by the temproal and spatial expansion of population . The result of analysis of population structure by Importnace Value(IV), evergreen forest showed a high species diversity of evergreen tree species such as Cinnamomum japonicum, Machilus japonica, Neolitsea serica, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Ligustrum japonicum, and etc, in middle and under story than in upper story where Camelia japonica and Quercus acuta were dominant. And in conterminous deciduous fores, the major component of evergreen forest in this region, Camellia japonica, Quercus acuta, evergreen tree of Lauraceae and etc. were abundant in only under story. IV of D. morbifera differed from among three story. In comparative analysis of emergence and growth dynamics of D. morbifera seedlings and saplings between evergreen and deciduous forest, emergece and density of seedlings were significantly greater in evergreen than in deciduous forest, and growth of height and basal diameter of seedlings and saplings were slightly larger in evergreen than in deciduous forest. The spatial distribution patterns by Moristia's index mapping of indivuduals using a lattice method of XY axis within this population showed that seedlings(age up to 2 years) and saplings (age〉2 years and height〈1m) both evergreen and deciduous forest were more or less aggregated apart from mature trees, and thougth intermediate trees(height〉1m and dbh〈10cm) had a aggregated distribution pattern, mature trees(dbh〉10cm were uniform. In conclusion , the expansion of D. morbfera population from evergreen to deciduous forest accompanied with a mumber of evergreen woody species, and also, emergence and recruitment, and growth of seedlings were greatly influenced moisture and canopy by around community structure.