Global issues, such as resource depletion, reduction of greenhouse emissions, etc., have been raised. Environmental issues regarding resources and energy are addressed by various industries that provide products and services. However, industries related to the environment have been separated and controlled. Industries related to the environment exist internationally. The Initiative of the environmental industry is the same as the final objective for protecting the environment, but it is different according to the subcategories or indicators of the industry. In this study, the economic effects of the uni-materialization-related industry on Korea by using the inter-industry related to the pollution prevention were analyzed in accordance with using I-O methodology, reflected by a sector of I-O. This study analyzed the unimaterialization industry being specified as exogenous in order to identify the economic effects of the industry on other industries, using the 2014 I-O table data. The economic effects include production, value-adding and employmentinducing, supply-shortage, price-pervasive, and analysis of inter-industrial linkage. The results of the analysis concluded that primary metal products are highest in the production-inducing effect, whereas wholesale and retail trade is the highest in value-added inducing and employment-inducing effects. Construction is the highest in the supply-shortage effects, and other precision instruments are the highest in price-pervasive effects. Based on these results, although the unimaterialization- related industry plays a large role in intermediary products, it is necessary to promote investment in materials and components industries to increase the technological competitiveness of the uni-materialization-related industry that are still highly dependent on imports. Also this study has a limitation that draws economic effects of the industry related to exact resource circulation because of no systematic categories of environmental industries.

There was an issue of marine pollution in 2016 when a power plant located on the shoreline directly discharged hazardous chemicals into the sea. The power plant was accused of breaking the laws of the Marine Environment Management Act by a citizen and environmental organization in Korea. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MoF) claimed the power plant discharged dimethylpolysiloxane, which is regulated as a noxious liquid substance by MARPOL73/78. Dimethylpolysiloxane (PDMS) is normally used to reduce the formation of foam in the cooling system during the washing process, and the plant’s flow of discharge wastewater is connected to the sea, directly. The aim of this study was to research the possible effects on the industry when the laws are applied to all industrial facilities along the shoreline. The smallto medium-sized companies can be affected by financial duties tied to complying with the law. This study investigated how to treat and discharge waste containing hazardous chemicals from a facility, focusing especially on power plants and companies along the shoreline. Direct or indirect discharges of waste from these facilities may cause marine pollution and are major sources of ecocide. However, there is no standard to apply to noxious liquid substances and no one knows whether or not the power plant is in the scope of the marine facilities of that law. Therefore, the government must manage industrial waste efficiently, with proper policies and regulations. Furthermore, it needs to create reasonable standards related to discharging industrial waste.

오늘날 21세기 산업 디자인환경에서의 기술은 디자인의 가치, 기업의 정체성 그리고 시장에서의 경쟁관계를 좌우하는 중요한 변수로 작용하고 있다. 또한 핀버그의 주장대로 기술이 인간의 삶 모든 부분에서 의심 없이 수용되는 문화지평(cultural horizon)으로서 의미를 지니고 있다. 따라서 기술은 곧 시장에서의 독점적 지위내지는 권력을 의미하며, 기술에 대한 믿음은 종교와도 같은 의미를 지니게 된다. 그러나 완성된 기술로 인해 사회·경제·문화 그리고 지역적 불균형과 노동현장에서 종속관계가 강화되고 있는 실정이다. 그에 따라 기계와 기술 그리고 디자인에 대한 반성적 요구와 지속가능한 디자인을 위한 인식적 사고에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 산업디자인에서 요구되는 핵심 요소인 기술에 대한 논의로부터 시작된다. 이를 위해 제2 단원에서는 기술에 대한 비판적 입장을 추구하는 앤드류 핀버그의 기술철학을 중심으로 기술이 수반되는 디자인이 나아갈 방향에 대하여 고민하고자 하였다. 또한 논지(論旨)를 전개하기 위해 핀버그의 기술 철학을 구성하는 기술비판주의, 구성주의, 기술 헤게모니 그리고 기술 민주화의 개념을 파악하였다. 이에 근거하여 제3 단원에서는 21세기 산업디자인이 추구해야할 기술적 경계와 그를 위한 인식적 사고의 내용과 범위에 대하여 고찰하였다.

This study analyzed business ecosystems in 4 case regions(Yeongdong, Seocheon, Sunchang, and Hadong) that carry forward the regional 6th industrialization. The analysis aimed to draw implications to build a healthy ecosystem for the sustainable development of the regional 6th industrialization. As a result of the analysis, 4 districts show different characteristics for their growth stages, and these results provide implications for policy directions for the development of the regional industry. The following basic direction was set for the sustainable regional 6th industrialization based on the healthy ecosystem. First, policy support should be differentiated by considering each region’s growth stage. Second, to improve the regional innovation capacity, it is needed to lay the foundation continually and strengthen diverse support for it. Third, a stronger and efficient implementation system is necessary for the regional 6th industrialization.

수은의 노출로부터 인간의 건강과 환경을 보호하기 위해 수은에 관한 미나마타 협약(Minamata Convention on Mercury)이 UNEP에 의해 2013년 10월에 채택되었다. 협약문 제11조에서는 3가지 종류의 수은폐기물에 관한 내용을 다루고 있다. 이 중 수은오염폐기물이 가장 큰 비중을 차지하며 산업시설로부터 다양한 종류의 부산물로써 환경으로 배출된다. 국내 산업시설에서 배출되는 수은오염폐기물은 폐기물관리법 공정시험법에서 지정하고 있는 용출시험법에 지정폐기물 또는 산업폐기물로 분류되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 산업시설에서 배출된 3가지 종류의 고상시료(생활폐기물 소각시설 비산재, 의료폐기물 소각시설 비산재, 비철금속 재련시설 폐슬러지)의 적정처리를 위해 안정화기술을 적용하였다. 환경에서 수은은 HgCl2, HgS, HgO 등의 형태로 존재하며 각 화합물은 열적안정도 또는 용해상수가 서로 다르다. 이와 같은 이유로 수계나 토양으로의 유출특성과 안정도를 알아보기 위해 총 5단계의 용출용매로 구성된 단계적 용출법(Sequential Extration Procedure, SEP)을 적용하였다. 용출용매로써 0.5M NH4Cl(1단계), 0.01M HCl+0.1M CH3COOH(2단계), 1M KOH(3단계), 12M HNO3(4단계) 및 Aqua regia(5단계)를 사용하였다. 1,2단계에서 용출된 수은화합물의 경우 다른 단계에 비해 이동도가 커 자연조건에서 쉽게 용출될 가능성이 높다. 3단계는 1,2 단계보다 상대적으로 강한 구조로 결합된 화학종이 용출된다. 4,5단계에서 용출된 수은화합물은 안정도가 높고 이동도가 낮아 자연조건에서 용해되기 어려운 화학종이라고 판단된다. EDTA는 중금속의 이동성을 높여주며 용액에 이온화된 상태로 수은화합물을 전환시켜 오히려 용출률을 높여 줄뿐만 아니라 수용액 상태로 용해시키기 위해서는 pH를 높여줄 첨가물이 필요하다. 이를 위해 Na2S를 사용하였고 Na로 인한 용액의 pH 상승과 S2-를 이용하여 이온화된 Hg2+를 HgS로 전환하여 더욱 안정화된 수은화합물을 형성하였다. 이를 확인하기 위해 안정화 처리 후 발생된 고상시료를 대상으로 단계적 용출법을 재적용 하였으며 5단계의 비율이 증가하는 것을 확인하여 안정화 처리기술을 검증하였다.

가상현실은 현재 게임 산업에서 가장 주목하는 기술 중 하나다. 그럼에도 불구하고 가상현실 기술 자체가 극복해야 할 문제점과 시장가능성에 대한 의문으로 게임 산업에서 이에 대한 투자가 활발히 이루어지기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가상현실 게임 시장의 미래 가능성을 다각도로 타진해보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 과거부터 현재까지 국내의 게임시장 발전 양상을 살펴보고, 시나리오네트워크매핑(SNM)을 활용하여 이해관계자 구조를 통한 미래예측을 시도하였다. 그 결과는 장·단기적 미래전망을 제시하고 이를 바탕으로 가상현실 게임 산업의 핵심이 될 이해관계자들에게 필요할 활동과 전략에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다는 데 공헌점이 있다.

Purpose – Before the economic reforms, the Chinese communication industry was poorly developed. After China’s entering to WTO, the Chinese market were gradually opened, domestic companies will be faced with more and more pressures of competition from the world rival countries. As time goes on, the overseas telecommunications companies will occupy the Chinese market with the opening of China Telecommunications market to outside. So this paper focuses on problems and development methods based on the research about the present situation and development methods of communication industry(communication manufacturing industry and communication manufacturing industry) in China. Research design, data, and methodology – This study analyzed the policies of China’s entering to WTO. This paper observed previous researches and made an empirical research on Chinese communication industry based on the governmental policies, strategies, books and previous papers with several kinds of clear data announced formally by China authorities. Results – Most recently, reorganization of the communication industry has brought good opportunities for the development of the communication manufacturing enterprises. This paper analyze policy changes of Chinese communication industry, the status of communication manufacturing industry and communication service industry. Finally, this study for further research analyzes the existing problems and puts forward some practicable measures to solve them. Conclusions - Looking ahead, with China’s rapid economic development and steady deepening of reform and opening-up, the Chinese communication industry is faced with an even broader prospect of development. Chinese communication industry will be become the pillar one in national economy after 10 years development. Foreign communication companies accelerated investment and progresses to Chinese information and communication markets. Positive ones are more foreign investment, export increase, domestic innovation, communication industry made steep growth. But negative ones are obstacles of domestic companies' development and jobless rate increase etc. Second communication manufacturing industry made good development, but computer and TV related industry made decline in growth. Third, market sizes of internet and mobile services are growing but the size of wired communication services is downsizing gradually. To overcome them, the studies of components or parts of communication manufacturing industry are needed individually. Second China Unicom, China Telecom, China Mobile etc. are Chinese representatives. The sales volumes are very similar at the beginning, but now they are different and make big differences. So the analysis about, their differences and its impact, are needed.

Environmental pollution is the major problem associated with rapid industrialization, urbanization and rise in living standards of people. In order to reduce environmental pollution, therefore, shielding materials using industrial waste resources were developed and the radiation shielding performance was evaluated.

Recently, the industrial waste resources have been continually developed because of a lack of natural aggregate. In this study, before the applicability of concrete using steel slag as aggregate, the properties were evaluated. From the test results, it is showed that the water aging period of the steel slag had no effect on the air contents, slump, compressive strength and density.

This paper presents the applicability and reliability of the crack detection technique of concrete structures developed based on the use of digital image analysis technologies through on - site tests. The problem of aging of infrastructure is a serious threat to the national and national security and there is a growing interest in the development and application of effective inspection and maintenance techniques for related infrastructure. Therefore, instead of the existing traditional manpower-based infrastructure inspection and maintenance techniques, which involve lots of time and money consumption and reliability of results, research using digital image analysis technology is actively being carried out.

Based on a survey of Korean waste-to-energy (WTE) firms, this article analyzes the R&D effectiveness of the WTE industry, which accounts for the largest proportion of new and renewable energy power generation in Korea, using multiple and logistic regression. A company’s R&D can be considered effective if its R&D inputs (e.g., R&D expenditure/sales, R&D manpower/employees, education/training, and reward systems) or R&D outputs (e.g., patent applications and approvals, the introduction of new products and services, and the redesign of products and processes) contribute to an increase in R&D outcomes (e.g., decrease in production costs, the creation of employment, and market entry). It was found that market entry is not affected by R&D inputs but is positively influenced by R&D outputs, indicating that Korean WTE firms have focused on market entry via the technology transfer of new products and services and/or the redesign of products and processes. In the WTE industry, the creation of employment does not have a statistically significant relationship with R&D expenditure/sales, R&D manpower/employees, or the redesign of products, but it does exhibit a positive relationship with education/training, reward systems, patent applications and approvals, and the introduction of new products and services. Finally, the decrease in production costs is not influenced by R&D expenditure/sales, R&D manpower/employees, reward systems, or patent applications and approvals, but is positively affected by education/training, the introduction of new products and services, and the redesign of products and processes. A policy implication of these results is that market entry show the virtual cycle on expanding R&D expenditure/sales and/or R&D manpower/employees.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to classify that the quality factors for comparing the Visegrard Group with the Nordic Council have historical similarities against Germany and the Soviet Union. However, this is because in the integrated European market, the competitiveness possessed by the two groups of countries is invested in the priority order to grow. Research design, data, and methodology – The study was conducted on the research design, and the reason for trying to compare the competence of the automobile industry in the assessment of industrial capability is that the Visegrard Group focuses on automotive production and the Nordic Association focuses on the commercialization of the automobile(market). In this study, searching and quantifying indirect evidence was made through standards are more complementary in Europe since each country acts like the role of the European automotive industry for example, which is different from the realistic evaluation criteria, are more important than those of the United States(first in the world) or Germany(first in Europe). Results - The results of this study are as follows: In the global EV market U.S.(export: $ 2.62 billion /share: 36.7%), Germany($ 1.29 billion /18.1%), France($ 390 million /5.4%), United Kingdom($ 380 million /5.4%), and South Korea($ 320 million/ 4.4%). South Korea's share of the EV market is 4.4%, while TSI reaches at +0.9 which measures the comparative advantage of a specific commodity in the world trade market. There is great potential for evaluated as products processing in export competition. But, commercialization, standardization, and overall market expansion did not have a positive impact on global satisfaction. Conclusions - EVs put importance on various utilities. So this suggests that Korea's exports to the EU, including the Visegrard Group, should be more focused on marketability when illuminating with a sharing industrial system under the European Union. It is necessary to specialize in manufacturing and commercialization by country(region) to prepare sharing economy and blockchain in order to create a smart-sharing city linked on artificial intelligence, as the commercialization of electric vehicles, which will have a larger growth rate than that of manufacturing in the fourth revolutionary era.

Purpose – The Korean university education system is facing innovation and change, including cooperation between industry and university, Therefore It is important to activate the industry-university cooperation. This paper aims to demonstrate the factors that activate industry-university cooperation, particularly about the voluntary participation induction by industry and researching in path dependency perspectives. Research design, data, and methodology – The subject of this research were companies that are aware of the industry-university cooperation program. This research hypothesis is derived from the literature of previous studies of industry-university cooperation, This study have constructs that was defined operationally with reference to previous studies, this research model design to figure out structural relationship among technology leadership of university, university specialization, local network strength, fixation of local economy, recognition of path dependence, participation by industry, performance of industry-university cooperation. From 2017 July. 1 to Sept. 31, questionnaire survey targeting company staff who is involving in industry-university cooperation. 257 questionnaire survey had conducted. 249 investigated data were used for empirical analysis except wrong data. This data were used for AMOS(structural equation) & Regression statistics to verify hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results – The results of this study are as follows. First, technology leadership of universities has a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. University specialization has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. Second, local network strength has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. but fixation of local economy does not affect voluntary participation by industry. Third, recognition of path dependence has moderating effect between Independent(university, company characteristics) and dependent variables(voluntary participation by industry) When recognition level of path dependence is high, preceding factors have a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry than recognition level of path dependence is low. As a result, the degree of recognition of path dependence was shown important variables that induce voluntary participation of industry for industry-university cooperation program. Conclusions – This study suggests that voluntary participation of industry is a very important factor in the achievement of industry-university cooperation. Recognition of interdependence as well as leading factors that encourage voluntary participation of industry is also just as important. If recognition of path dependence was high, Industry's voluntary participation was high.

Purpose – With the technology of the 4th industrial revolution, business models of agricultural sector are changing rapidly toward convergence and high value-added business models due to the 6th industrialization of agricultural. Our goals is to examine the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and then to apply the technology of the 4th industrial revolution to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, suggesting the possibility of future agriculture, and then linking the export competitiveness of agricultural products. Research design, data, and methodology – As the methodology, case studies and empirical analyzes were conducted as well as literature studies. The case analyses included tomatoes, pig breeding farms, and an empirical analysis was conducted using the AHP analysis by experts of the 6th industrialization. In addition, using 124 survey data, this study examined and analyzed the items of the 4th industrial revolution technology for the 6th industrialization of agriculture and the strengthening of export competitiveness. Results - Results showed that the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution helped "6th industrialization of agriculture" and "the strengthening of export competitiveness" using two successful cases. The AHP analysis was also carried out, and it was found that the improvement of the technology in the 4th industrial revolution could contribute to the future industrialization as well as the 6th industrialization of agriculture. First of all, we looked many conditions were important and urgent. Among the technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, the mobile, big data were important. Moreover, it was recognized that linkage and convergence related efforts would greatly contribute to strengthening export competitiveness of agriculture such as price and quality competitiveness. Conclusions – The 4th industrial revolution such as hyper-connectivity, hyper-intelligence and hyper-predictability contribute greatly to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and therefore it is essential to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural sector by using the technology of the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, based on analyses of the diamond model, the "demand conditions" was the most important factor for the activation of the 6th Industrialization, and then "related and supporting fields", "factor conditions" and "business context" were followed in order. The results of this study can be useful for policy, practical and academic sectors.

This study was conducted to investigate the removal characteristics of heavy metals and sulfate ion from acid mine drainage by porous zeolite-slag ceramics (ZS ceramics) that was prepared by adding wood flour as pore-foaming agent while calcining the mixtures of natural zeolite and converter slag. The batch test showed that the removal efficiency of heavy metals by pellet-type porous ZS ceramics increased as the particle size of wood flour was decreased and as the weight mixing ratio of wood flour to ZS ceramics was increased. The optimal particle size and weight mixing ratio of wood flour were measured to be 75 ㎛ and 7∼10%, respectively. The removal test with the porous ZS ceramics prepared in these optimal condition showed very high removal efficiencies: more than 98.4% for all heavy metals and 73.9% for sulfate ion. Relative to nonporous ZS ceramics, the increment of removal efficiency of heavy metals by porous ZS ceramics with 75 ㎛ and 10% wood flour was 5.8%, 60.5%, 36.9%, 87.7%, 10.3%, and 57.4% for Al, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn, respectively. The mechanism analysis of removal by the porous ZS ceramics suggested that the heavy metals and sulfate ion from acid mine drainage are eliminated by multiple reactions such as adsorption and/or ion exchange as well as precipitation and/or co-precipitation.

제 4차 산업혁명으로 일컬어지는 첨단기술 주도의 시대적 상황 속에서 게임 산업의 시장성은지속적으로 확대되어 왔으며, 미래에 대한 전망이 밝다. 그러나 국내 게임 산업은 여전히 사회· 문화적 이슈로 인하여 산업 활성화에 제약을 받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 국내 게임산업이 마주하고 있는 사회·문화적 장벽수준을 파악하고자, 게임이용자에 대한 편견과 게임콘텐츠의 성 상품화에 대하여 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 응답자의 대부분이 여전히 남성 게임이용자 중심이었던 과거 게임시장의 편견에서 벗어나고 있지 못하였으며, 게임콘텐츠의 성 상품화가 게임 산업을 저해하는 요인으로서 이에 대한 규제가 필요하다고 응답하였다.

중국 물류산업의 세계 경쟁력이 아직 낮은 수준에 머물고 있는 상황에서 물류산업 FDI에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하고 물류산업 FDI 유치를 통해 외국투자기업의 선진기술과 성숙된 관리시스템을 중국 현지 물류기업에 도입하고 중국내 효율적인 물류망을 구축하여 중국 물류산업의 발전 및 경제성장에 큰 의미가 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 중국 물류산업 FDI의 현황에 대해 검토한 후 실증분석을 통해 중국 물류 산업 FDI에 영향을 미치는 핵심요인을 살펴보았다. 실증분석 결과 중국 각 성의 경제발전과 제조업 FDI 유입, 물류산업에 대한 고정자산투자 및 물류 산업 인프라의 구축은 물류 산업 FDI의 유입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 또한, 임금변수는 제조업과 달리 중국에 대한 물류산업의 FDI에는 영향을 미치고 있지 않은 특징을 나타냈다. 그러므로 중국의 경제발전을 촉진시키고 제조업에 대한 FDI를 적극 유인해야 하며 적극적으로 물류산업의 인프라를 구축하는 것이 중요하다. 또한 물류산업에 대한 고정자산투자를 늘려야 중국 물류산업 외국인직접 투자를 촉진시킬 수 있다.

Purpose - With the worldwide aging problem and the development of globalization, customers prefer to seek affordable medical services with the higher quality overseas. This new trend has urged some destination countries to improve their services for the more competitive advantages over other countries. Literature research indicate that medical quality and cost may be the key factors influencing global patients’ decisions. In the international environment, however, medical tourism destinations are selected due to cultural similarity between the hosting country and the customers’ own country. The more similarity perceived between the two countries leads foreign patients to choose the considering country as the destination for medical tourism. However, little research has been conducted on this topic. Thus, we empirically investigate how cultural similarity influences Chinese medical customers’ choice of the destinations. We also consider the factors related to medical competency and travel attribute which might affect customers’ decisions along with some moderating roles of disease types. Research design, data, and methodology – We proposed a research model in order to confirm the relations among different variables of cultural similarity, medical competency, travel attractiveness, disease types, and destination choice. The questionnaire survey is processed in the more economically developed regions of China such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Jiangsu. Conditional logit regression is applied to analyze the data of 881. Results - Results indicate that cultural similarity is the important predictor of Chinese customers’ decision to select a medical country. However, the effects of cultural similarity vary according to the disease types. We also find that medical competency and travel attractiveness influence their decisions with the moderating role of disease types. Conclusions – Cultural similarity is the important factor that influences Chinese potential medical tourists’ decisions to select a destination. Marketing managers should consider the effects of cultural similarity when developing strategies for attracting Chinese medical tourists. Since medical competency and travel attractiveness are still the critical key elements for them to evaluate the destination countries, it is necessary to continuously improve medical service quality and facilities. The results also recommend that medical managers should sharpen their marketing strategies by segmenting Chinese potential customers in terms of disease types.