재래식 해수담수화 수평적 압력용기 설계는 후단에 있는 역삼투막에는 농축수에 의해 수질악화 및 생산수저감 등이 동반된다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 개념적인 중앙 주입식 압력용기가 생산수 단가에 미치는 영향과 역삼투 공정 설계 시 주요 인자들이 성능에 미치는 영향을 조사를 위해 상업화된 역삼 투 프로그램인 ROSA를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 중앙 주입식 압력용기를 이용할 경우 총괄적인 회수율과 SEC 측면에서 성능이 저하하지만, 막 모듈 당 생산되는 생산수량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 생산수의 수질개선은 2단 설계의 용량 감소로 인하여 건설비 저감으로 연계되는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구는 국토교통부 플랜트연구사업의 연구비지원(과제번호 16IFIP-B089908-03)에 의해 수행되었습니다.

The multi-layer combination provides a very narrow pore size distribution in a specific pore size range. By utilizing the multi-layer design equations developed for each individual layer of known pore properties, it is possible to design the multi-layer microfiltration media precisely to a tailor pore size distribution.

급격한 산업화 및 인구증가로 물부족 문제가 가속화됨에 따라 최근 수처리 공정은 방류수 수질기준을 준수하여 방류하는 단순한 수준을 넘어서 보다 엄격한 수질을 만족시켜야하는 방향으로 발전하고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 노력의 일환으로 많은 하⋅폐수 처리장에서 생물학적 처리와 멤브레 인이 결합된 MBR 공정을 적용하고 있으나, 적용 현장별 특징을 충분히 반영하지 못한 설계로 MBR 공정의 우수한 처리성능을 제대로 활용하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 산업단지 내에 설치되는 폐수처리시설의 입지여건과 특성을 반영하여 저유량 및 수질의 불균질화 문제를 해결하기 위한 설계사례 등 을 제시하고자 하였다.

다단 분리막 공정은 압력변환, 열교환, 수분제거등을 위한 공정 설비들과 연계 운영된다. 또한 sweeping 가스를 도입하기도 하고, 분리막 연결 형태를 변경 하기도 하며, 압력비등을 조절하기도 한다. 따라서, 분리막 공정설계는 막 면적 및 운전 압력을 결정을 포함하여 다단 분리막의 configuration 선정, 분리막 소 재의 선택, 공정의 시스템적 구성, 부가 설비와의 통합 설계 등 여러 설계 요소 들을 통합적으로 분석하며 최적 공정을 구성하게 된다. 본 발표에서는 컴퓨터를 활용한 모델링, 전산 모사 및 최적화를 통해 최적의 분리막 공정 및 운전 조건 을 도출하는 기법들을 설명하며, 이러한 전산적 설계 기법들을 분리막 공정 스케일업과 신공정 개발에 활용하는 방안에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of closed and open type on the load characteristics and amount of waste in tubular shaft and solid shaft for optimal design. The open and closed type were designed by 6 stage processes and applied for analysis. The coefficient of friction was set to Oil_Cold conditions as refer to the analysis library. It is found that the actual underfill phenomenon was not observed on the closed and open type. The metal flow of the closed and open type are revealed that the folding phenomenon was not occurred, thus there is no problem in actual production. The load characteristics are similar from stage 1 to stage 3 due to the same geometry of upper and lower die. However, tubular shaft and solid shaft are decreased 26% and 32% load from stage 4 to stage 6. In case of open type, amount of waste of tubular shaft and solid shaft are 11g and 14g, respectively.

The objective of this study was to investigate the optimal design on the tubular shaft and solid shaft for A-IMS of commercial vehicle. The tubular shaft and the solid shaft were designed by 6 stage processes and the results were analyzed by using a finite element analysis method. The coefficient of friction was set to Oil_Cold conditions as referred to the analysis library. It was found that the actual underfill phenomenon was not observed on the tubular shaft and solid shaft. The metal flow of the tubular shaft and solid shaft revealed that the folding phenomenon was not occurred, so there is no problem in actual production. Principal stress and load characteristics of tubular shaft were higher than those of solid shaft since the tubular shaft has many deformation from stage 1 to stage 3.

최근의 HNS 해상물동량 증가와 더불어 해상 HNS 사고의 증가에 따라 HNS 관리에 대한 중요성이 부각되어, 본 연구에서는 HNS 사고를 체계적으로 표현하여 Database화 할 수 있는 체계를 마련하기 위해 해상 HNS 사고사례 표준코드를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구 수행을 위해 먼저 기존 통계자료의 분류 항목과 국내외 법령에 따른 사고보고 항목을 조사하여 필수적인 사고보고 관련 요소들을 도출하였고, 해외 선진국의 유사한 표준 코드를 조사·분석하여 본 연구에서 개발하고자 하는 코드 설계에 참조하였다. HNS 사고사례 코드 설계는 사고정보를 입력·조회하는 일반적인 해상 HNS 사고의 흐름에 따라 ‘사고발생 → 사고초기정보 → 사고대응 → 사고조사’ 순으로 설정하였는데, 사고초기에 바로 알 수 있는 정보들을 먼저 5가지 대분류 항목으로 분류하여 사고초기정보(Preliminary Information Code; P.I.C.)로 구성하였고, 사고 발생 후 일정 시간이 지난 뒤 파악이 가능한 사고대응 관련 2개 항목, 사고조사 관련 3개 항목을 대분류 항목으로 설정하여 사고 초기정보(P.I.C.)를 포함하여 사고전체정보(Full Information Code; F.I.C.)로 구성하였다. 각 대분류 항목 아래에는 중분류, 소분류로 세분화하여 각 항목에 대하여 3단계로 표현할 수 있도록 하였다. 대표적인 HNS 유출사고를 코드에 적용하여 코드화한 결과 HNS 사고를 충분히 표현할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 코드를 적용함으로써 과거 발생했던 사고데이터의 분석을 통해 향후 발생가능한 사고의 예측이 가능할 것으로 예상되고, 미래에 발생하는 사고에 대한 데이터를 체계적으로 관리함으로써 사고 대비와 대응, 복구 등에 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

최근 강풍으로 인한 옥외광고물의 파손 및 추락으로 인해 불특정 다수에게 인적 및 물적 피해를 야기하고 있다. 옥외광고물은 사유시설과 공공시설물의 성격을 모두 갖기 때문에 옥외광물로 인한 피해를 저감하는 것은 개인의 노력뿐 아니라 제도 및 규정을 통해서도 이루어져야한다. 이러한 피해는 강풍에 취약한 옥외광고물의 내풍설계 기준의 미비가 가장 큰 요인으로 인식되고 있어 본 연구에서는 옥외광고물의 내풍설계 표준을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 풍속에 영향을 주는 옥외광고물 설치위치의 주변 풍환경이나 높이, 설치위치 등 풍속과 관련한 요소를 반영하였으며, 건축구조기준 2015(안)의 기본풍속도와 풍속보정 절차에 의한 풍하중 산정 과정을 제시하였다. 이 과정에서 공학적 판단이 요구되는 옥외광고물 설치위치 주변의 지표조도구분 및 지형계수 평가에 대해 정략적으로 적용할 수 있는 기준을 제시하였다. 또한 비전문가 관점에서 적용하기 용이하도록 가능한 단순화된 정량화 절차를 제시하였다.

This study describes the seismic performance evaluation of bridge structures located in Daegu. Structure design criteria focuses on the collapse or brittle fracture of the bridges when the earthquake situation is given. Thus, this study describes the seismic safety evaluation based on the design of a spectrum of ASCE-7 KBC2009 of the United States, South Korea architectural structure was based on using 3D linear elastic finite element model using the ABAQUS platform bridges. If the target structure was found to be vulnerable to tensile stress than compressive stress appeared to be a case of displacement Z-axis displacement is dominant.

PURPOSES : Nowadays, cavity phenomena occur increasingly in pavement layers of downtown areas. This leads to an increment in the number of potholes, sinkholes, and other failure on the road. A loss of earth and sand from the pavement plays a key role in the occurrence of cavities, and, hence, a structural-performance evaluation of the pavement is essential. METHODS: The structural performance was evaluated via finite-element analysis using KPRP and KICTPAVE. KPRP was developed in order to formulate a Korean pavement design guide, which is based on a mechanical-empirical pavement design guide (M-EPDG). RESULTS: Installation of the anti-freezing layer yielded a fatigue crack, permanent deformation, and international roughness index (IRI) of 13%, 0.7 cm, and 3.0 m/km, respectively, as determined from the performance analysis conducted via KPRP. These values satisfy the design standards (fatigue crack: 20%, permanent deformation: 1.3 cm, IRI: 3.5 m/km). The results of FEM, using KICTPAVE, are shown in Figures 8~12 and Tables 3~5. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the performance analysis (conducted via KPRP) satisfy the design standards, even if the thickness of the anti-freezing layer is not considered. The corresponding values (i.e., 13%, 0.7 cm, and 3.0 m/km) are obtained for all conditions under which this layer is applied. Furthermore, the stress and strain on the interlayer between the sub-grade and the anti-freezing layer decrease gradually with increasing thickness of the anti-freezing layer. In contrast, the strain on the interlayer between the sub-base and the anti-freezing layer increases gradually with this increase in thickness.

In the manufacturing industry fields, thousands of quality characteristics are measured in a day because the systems of process have been automated through the development of computer and improvement of techniques. Also, the process has been monitored in database in real time. Particularly, the data in the design step of the process have contributed to the product that customers have required through getting useful information from the data and reflecting them to the design of product. In this study, first, characteristics and variables affecting to them in the data of the design step of the process were analyzed by decision tree to find out the relation between explanatory and target variables. Second, the tolerance of continuous variables influencing on the target variable primarily was shown by the application of algorithm of decision tree, C4.5. Finally, the target variable, loss, was calculated by a loss function of Taguchi and analyzed. In this paper, the general method that the value of continuous explanatory variables has been used intactly not to be transformed to the discrete value and new method that the value of continuous explanatory variables was divided into 3 categories were compared. As a result, first, the tolerance obtained from the new method was more effective in decreasing the target variable, loss, than general method. In addition, the tolerance levels for the continuous explanatory variables to be chosen of the major variables were calculated. In further research, a systematic method using decision tree of data mining needs to be developed in order to categorize continuous variables under various scenarios of loss function.

Recently, the production cycle in manufacturing process has been getting shorter and different types of product have been produced in the same process line. In this case, the control chart using coefficient of variation would be applicable to the process. The theory that random variables are located in the three times distance of the deviation from mean value is applicable to the control chart that monitor the process in the manufacturing line, when the data of process are changed by the type of normal distribution. It is possible to apply to the control chart of coefficient of variation too.  ,  estimates that taken in the coefficient of variation have just used all of the data, but the upper control limit, center line and lower control limit have been settled by the effect of abnormal values, so this control chart could be in trouble of detection ability of the assignable value. The purpose of this study was to present the robust control chart than coefficient of variation control chart in the normal process. To perform this research, the location parameter, xα, sα were used. The robust control chart was named Tim-CV control chart. The result of simulation were summarized as follows; First, P values, the probability to get away from control limit, in Trim-CV control chart were larger than CV control chart in the normal process. Second, ARL values, average run length, in Trim-CV control chart were smaller than CV control chart in the normal process. Particularly, the difference of performance of two control charts was so sure when the change of the process was getting to bigger. Therefore, the Trim-CV control chart proposed in this paper would be more efficient tool than CV control chart in small quantity batch production.

Unity 3D is a 2D and 3D game engine that supports multiple platforms. Editors may develop 2D and 3D games that run on Windows, Mac, Android, iPhone and various web platforms. In this paper, we propose a shooting game designed and developed using the Unity 3D game engine. Shooter is a game genre to defeat the enemy by shooting a gun or missiles. Through factors such as a game system it is very simple, one momentary reflection ability or behavior is characterized by the pursuit of sex games. Also it analyzed for the game and the game system architecture for game development. I hope to help them through a variety of platforms based game design and development.

In this paper, the structural characteristics of a lightweight soundproof tunnel to reduce the dead load imposed on the bridge are investigated. Subsequently, the design procedure of soundproof tunnel structures is reviewed and a design practice for the lightweight soundproof tunnel is carried out according to the reviewed procedure. Next, design compatibility for the lightweight soundproof tunnel is verified through a detailed finite element analysis. The result for evaluation of design compatibility shows that the lightweight soundproof tunnel has structural safety in structural members, welding zones and foundation parts. It is also confirmed that serviceability and buckling safety is excellent.