Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic farming is covered such as ① development of organic farming, ② organic farming organizations, ③ standards and certification, ④ implementation of EU council regulation, ⑤ state support, ⑥ implementation of Agenda 2000, ⑦ training and education, ⑧ advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by ① cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep󰠏rooting crops in multi󰠏annual rotation system, ② incorporation in the soil organic material, by󰠏products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure；① choice of appropriate species and varieties, ② appropriate rotation programs, ③ mechanical cultivation, ④ protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, ⑤ diversified ecosystems, ⑥ flame weeding, ⑦ natural enemies, ⑧ bio󰠏dynamic preparations, ⑨ mulching and mowing, ⑩ grazing of animals, ⑪ mechanical controls, ⑫ steam sterilization.

Sun-Woong Kim. 2001. A Study on the EPP in the Minimalist Program: the EPP as a PF Requirement. Studies in Modern Grammar 24, 47-66. The general aim of this paper is to explore the nature and role of the EPP within the Minimalist Program of generative grammar. This paper draws the conclusion that the EPP effect is captured by V to I head movement. Specifically, the EPP effect will be shown to be a side effect or epiphenomena of the head movement at PF (Chomsky 1999) plus an effect of configurationally defined θ-theory. This conclusion will be shown to remedy drawbacks of recent proposals of Kim (2000) and Jang (2000). This paper also attempts to reject the morphological feature checking approach to the EPP, whether it is a categorial feature checking or a Case feature checking. Furthermore, if head movement is a PF process, it can be concluded that the EPP effect is eventually a PF requirement that the Spec-T must be filled with some category that contains argumenthood in it. If the conclusions of this paper are on the right track, Lasnik`s (2000) doubt that only the EPP is configurational can be solved in a natural way.

본 연구는 k서로 특성이 다른 8개의 도시를 검토 대상지역으로 선정하여 사용수량의 추정방법중 이론 곡선법을 이용하는 경우의 포화값 K의 영향을 비교 검토한 것이다. 이 연구결과는 상수사용량을 예측할 때 일어날 수 있는 오류를 최소한으로 줄이고 해당도시의 예측값을 결정할 때 보다 합리적으로 접근하는데 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this thesis is to give a perspective on the music theory of Ancient Greece & Rome through the study of original texts. Nine major theorists' treatises are discussed under the separate title, repectively. And also 7 minor theorists' treatises or theories are mentioned also in the course of discussion in relation to the major one. The rise of Western music theory can be traced back to the time of Pytagoras. His mathematical calculation of intervals set up the long tradition of treating music as mathematical scholarship. And the other branch of music theory was established soon also. That was an empirical one initiated by Aristoxenus who was a pupil of Aristotle. And then these two branches interacted in the course of development of music theory. That is, although most of the ancient theorists belonged to the Pytagorian school, those representatives such as Euclid·Ptolemy·A. Quintilian accommodated some of Aristoxenus' theory. Theorists represented the Aristoxenian school were Cleonides(cf. footnote 3) and Cassiodorus(cf. footnote 23). The topics dealt with in ancient treatises were intervals, scales, modes, scale systems, rhythm, tuning, notation, ethos of music, and Pytagorian concept of music of spheres. Intervals were discussed in depth particularly in relation to tuning (Ptolemy), tetrachord which was the basis of scales (Aristoxenus, A. Quintilian), and modes (Ptolemy, Gaudentius). The scale systems of the Greater Perfect system and the Lesser Perfect system became the norm throughout the ancient times. Of the rhythm, feets mentioned first by Aristoxenus were clearly explained and expanded by St. Augustine. Information on Greek notation relies on Alypius. Ethos of music and the idea of music of spheres were presented in length especially by Ptolemy and Boethius.

Norbert Hornstein. 2000. Is the Binding Theory Necessary? Studies ire Modern Grammar 22, 1-63. Hornstein (1999) argues that obligatory control (OC) PRO is the residue of overt A-movement. The main argument for this conclusion is that a rich group of diagnostic properties characterizing OC structures follow if they are formed by movement. As Lebeaux (1983) notes, the properties of local anaphora mirror those of OC PRO. As such, these too should be derived via A-movement. This paper offers a way of doing this. Further, if anaphors are licensed via movement, this suggests that principle B should be reanalyzed so as to account for the complementary distribution of local anaphors and bound pronouns. This paper suggests some ways of rethinking principle B in the context of an A-movement approach to local anaphora.

통합저류함수모형을 IHP 대표유역인 위천과 보청천유역 그리고 대유역인 남한강유역과 낙동강유역의 강우-유출사상에 적용하여 모형의 타당성을 검토하였다. 제안된 모형에 의한 예측 결과와 관측치를 비교해 볼 때 전체적인 수문곡선의 재현성 및 첨두홍수량의 예측에 있어서 상당히 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 그러나 첨두홍수 발생시간에서는 퍼지제어의 효과로 인해 다소 오차가 발생하였다. 또한 상류단 유입량이 잔유역 유입량에 비하여 상당히 큰 경우에는 충분한 예보선행시간

본 논문에서는 홍수유출의 해석·예측을 위한 홍수추적 모형으로서 현재 국내에서 널리 이용되고 있는 저류함수모형을 개선하였다. 유출 해석의 정확성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인 중의 하나인 매개변수 산정에 최적화기법을 도입하여 기존의 경험식 등에 의한 매개변수 결정의 비객관성을 개선하였으며, 결정된 매개변수들을 시변성으로 취급하고 이의 실시간 자동보정에 퍼지제어를 사용하여 시간에 따른 유역의 변동 특성에 적절히 대응 할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 홍수유출 해

In this study a drift prediction model based on fluid dynamics theory is introduced. The essential effects of environmental loads and target characteristics are taken into account from a fluid dynamics point of view. The governing equations of motion are derived from Netwon's law of dynamics. In the mathematical formulation only three degrees of freedom(surge, sway, yaw) of the drifting object are assumed and the environmental loads considered are the forces and moments by wind and current. A computer algorithm for this model is implemented to obtain the numerical result in the time domain. The preliminary tests for model verification are conducted and the results are compared with the field experiment data as well as leeway formula suggested from the field test data.

Irrigation pipeline networks consist mainly of buried pipes and are therefore relatively free from topographic constraints. Installation of irrigation pipeline systems is increasing since the systems have several advantages compared to open channel systems. To achieve economic design of pipeline networks, the layout should meet several conditions such as shortest path, maximum flow, and least cost. Graph theory is mathematical tool which enable to find out optimum layout for complicated network systems. In this study, applicability of graph theory to figure out optimum layout of irrigation pipeline networks was evaluated.

Haksoo Jeon & Daewoong Kang. 2000. Optimality Theoretic Analysis of English Word Stress. Studies in Modern Grammar 19, 139-170. This paper approaches English word stress within the framework of Optimality Theory. We have seen that there are constraints that interact to produce correct word stress pattern. Foot structure constraints, Ft-Bin, Ft-Form, and WSP, are undominated. Therefore the trochaic footing and quantity requirement are strictly obeyed in English foot building. Non-Head(e) guarantees that underlying schwa accounts for various apparent exceptions. This paper identifies four different such subcategorization constraints : Align-to-δ, Align-in-δ, Align-to-Ft, and Align-to-PrWd. What is really interesting in this approaches that one suffix may have more than one constraint, thereby restricting its appearance in actual words. One step further, this paper shows that the present approach can also explain the so-called cyclicity effect of the stress assignment. Previous cyclical stress theory fails in explaining the difference between the derived and underived word. Therefore, this paper provides new solutions to the old problem of accounting for the difference between the derived and underived words regarding the stress assignment and wellformed word formation.

Choe, Hyon Sook. 2000. Focus-sensitive Question and Copy Theory. Studies in Modern Grammar 19, 27-48. In this paper, adopting a version of Chomsky`s (1971) conception of focus/presupposition (cf. also Dryer 1996), I suggest that yes-no question and wh-question refer to the information of focus and that the extraction of yes-no and wh-question operators (that are lexically inserted on a focus) is involved in yes-no and wh-questions. I also suggest that the concept of focus is both LF- and PF-related and that extraction in yes-no question and wh-question refers to PF-related focus information while yes-no and wh-question operators are lexically inserted on an LF-related focus (a focus category, here) so that only focus categories (which are not presupposed) can be questioned. Based on the above suggestion, I reinterpret the copy theory introduced in Chomsky (1993) by suggesting a notion of selective deletion under an hypothesis that the information on LF- and PF-related focus is syntactically available in terms of formal feature. The hypothesis makes it possible to suggest a copy theory that employs selective deletion but not QR, which is conceptually and theoretically better than a copy theory discussed in Chomsky (1993) and assumed in Chomsky (1995, 1998, 1999).

It is the purpose of this study to document the decline of modal theory in the seventeenth century and the concurrent emergence of major-minor key theory. Emergence of major-minor key theory in the seventeenth century put an end to virtually unbroken tradition of modal theory which had endured for at least two millennia. Glarean and Zarlino are linked directly to the recognition of major-minor key theory in recent literature. In reality, however, there is not a trace major-minor thinking in Glarean's Dodecachordon. For from trying to isolate the new Aeoliean and Ionian modes, Glarean argues that he is only trying to complete an imperfect system of eight modes by correcting a misunderstanding of the nature of mode as octave species. One of the earliest indications of new direction in modal thinking is found in Zarlino's Istitutioni harmoniche. After acknowledging the existence of twelve different modes, Zarlino goes on to state that all of them could ultimately be broken down into two groups: 1) Those with a major triad on the final or mediant. 2) Those with a minor triad on the final or mediant. Zarlino maintains, furthermore, that it is the presence of major or minor triads on these particular scale degrees which determines the affection of music. During the period transition from modal theory to major-minor key theory, roughly coextension with the seventeenth century, elements and characteristics of modes are often found intermingled with key traits. But to say, in effect, that four of six mode pairs fell into disuse leaving only Aeolien and Ionian, and that these two pairs were identical to minor and major, respectively, is to ignore the historical evidence of seventeenth century music treaties. To say that major and minor descended from Ionian and Aeolian is misleading for two reasons: 1) Those who dealt with two modes and treated them as "modes," i. e., subjected them to transition, generally chose Ionian and Dorian. 2) Those who dealt with two modes, one on C and one on A, treated them as keys from the start and ignored their fortuitous to Ionian and Aeolien respectively. In conclusion, it can be seen that Ionian octave-scale pattern becomes the major mode. It is impossible, however, to provide such a tidy picture for the ancestry of the minor mode because no single scale is used exclusively and not all forms of minor scale (i. e., harmonic and melodic minor) correspond to one of the earlier modes. Yet despire the variability of minor mode, theorists are still able to speak of the major-minor mode since what they consider to be the most essential property of their two modes-the third above the tonic consisting of either a ditone or a tone semitone-is present in the single major scale as well as in each of the diverse forms of the minor scale.

본 논문은 이상호와 이길성(1995)에 의해서 제안된 LRCS(Linear Reservoir and Channel System) 강우-유출 모형의 기본 이론을 소개하였고, 모형의 민감도 분석 및 보정과정에서 나타나는 목적함수에 따른 모형 출력의 변화를 파악하고자 하였다. 보정시 매개변수 영향성 분석을 위한 "hat" 행렬과 영향성 척도의 사용을 제안하였고, 매개변수 추정시 오차 전파에 따른 모형 출력의 변화 정도 및 모형 예측치 분산과 매개변수 변화에