A capsule is the device for irradiation test of nuclear materials and fuels in HANARO. The instrumentation cables are sealed tightly by brazing at the top of the capsule. In this study, the integrities at the brazing of both Inconel 600 and STS 310 materials were confirmed by tensile test, survey of damage on coating, and measurement of insulation resistance. At tensile test, brazing areas were not damaged but the thermocouples themselves were broken on both the materials. At flame heat test, the coating of STS 310 material was maintained without damage but the brittle fracture on Inconel 600 material was observed. Insulation resistances were confirmed to be satisfactory in case of both the materials. In this analysis, the thermocouple was expanded by 0.81mm on the direction of y-axis and the tube was contracted by 0.57mm on the direction of x-axis. As the result, cracks might be occurred with thermal stresses. EDX spectrum analysis showed that the BAg-1 filler metal formed a thin reaction layer on the surface of brazed metal.

The Composite structures such as CFT(Concrete Filled Steel Tube) have many advantages compared to the H shape columns, concrete columns. But, CFT columns were reinforced difficult which was members with closed section. When beams size were different around the columns in buildings of various form, the construction was complex that diaphragm was overlapped or inclined. In this study, structural performance comparison of horizontal diaphragm and vertical plates was conducted.

In this paper, we present the results of experimental investigation pertaining to the structural behavior of Tee joint connection composed of pultruded I-shape FRP members. In this study, we focus on the evaluation of load carrying capacity of Tee joint which appeared frequently to fabricate framed structure composed of pultruded FRP members. Through the experimental investigation moment-rotation relationship is found and the result is used to estimate the rotaion stiffness.

본 연구는 개별적인 반·강접 복합접합부 구조물을 수치해석적인 방법을 통하여 거동성능을 조사하는 대 초점을 두고 있다. 강제 보와 콘크리트 충전기둥 (CFT) 사이에 저탄소 강 구속재와 초탄성 (Super-elastic) 형상기억합금 (SMA) 재료의 구속재를 이용하여 연결한 방식이 제안된 접합부 구조물의 가장 큰 특징이다. 이러한 설계는 초탄성 형상합금을 변형이 많이 일어나는 부분에 인장 바(Bar)로서 설치하여 복원현상을 기대할수 있다. 또한 저탄소 강재 바는 거동에 에너지 소산능력을 향상 시키는 대 기여한다. 반·강접 접합부는 단순한 핀이나 완전구속으로 모델 링이 불가능하므로 해석이나 설계가 실제로는 매우 복잡하다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 제안된 구조물의 장점과 특성 을 검증하기 위하여 정밀한 유한요소(Finite Element) 방법을 이용하여 접합부의 전반적인 거동을 재현하였다.

The microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir welded lap joints of Inconel 600 and SS 400 were evaluated; friction stir welding was carried out at a tool rotation speed of 200 rpm and welding speed of 100 mm/min. Electron back-scattering diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were introduced to analyze the grain boundary characteristics and the precipitates, respectively. Application of friction stir welding was notably effective at reducing the grain size of the stir zone. As a result, the reduced average grain size of Inconel 600 ranged from 20μm in the base material to 8.5μm in the stir zone. The joint interface between Inconel 600 and SS 400 showed a sound weld without voids and cracks, and MC carbides with a size of around 50 nm were partially formed at the Inconel 600 area of lap joint interface. However, the intermetallic compounds that lead to mechanical property degradation of the welds were not formed at the joint interface. Also, a hook, along the Inconel 600 alloy from SS 400, was formed at the advancing side, which directly brought about an increase in the peel strength. In this study, we systematically discussed the evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of the friction stir lap joint between Inconel 600 and SS 400.

The a-Si:H/c-Si hetero-junction (HJ) solar cells have a variety of advantages in efficiency and fabrication processes. It has already demonstrated about 23% in R&D scale and more than 20% in commercial production. In order to further reduce the fabrication cost of HJ solar cells, fabrication processes should be simplified more than conventional methods which accompany separate processes of front and rear sides of the cells. In this study, we propose a simultaneous deposition of intrinsic thin a-Si:H layers on both sides of a wafer by dual hot wire CVD (HWVCD). In this system, wafers are located between tantalum wires, and a-Si:H layers are simultaneously deposited on both sides of the wafer. By using this scheme, we can reduce the process steps and time and improve the efficiency of HJ solar cells by removing surface contamination of the wafers. We achieved about 16% efficiency in HJ solar cells incorporating intrinsic a-Si:H buffers by dual HWCVD and p/n layers by PECVD.

An ultrafine grained complex aluminum alloy was fabricated by an accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process using dissimilar aluminum alloys of AA1050 and AA5052 and subsequently annealed. A two-layer stack ARB process was performed up to six cycles without lubricant at an ambient temperature. In the ARB process, the dissimilar aluminum alloys, AA1050 and AA5052, with the same dimensions were stacked on each other after surface treatment, rolled to the thickness reduction of 50%, and then cut in half length by a shearing machine. The same procedure was repeated up to six cycles. A sound complex aluminum alloy sheet was fabricated by the ARB process, and then subsequently annealed for 0.5h at various temperatures ranging from 100 to 350˚C. The tensile strength decreased largely with an increasing annealing temperature, especially at temperatures of 150 to 250˚C. However, above 250˚C it hardly decreased even when the annealing temperature was increased. On the other hand, the total elongation increased greatly above 250˚C. The hardness exhibited inhomogeneous distribution in the thickness direction of the specimens annealed at relatively low temperatures, however it had a homogeneous distribution in specimens annealed at high temperatures.

본 연구는 각 연결부에 대한 수치 해석을 통하여 강재-콘크리트 합성 프레임 구조물의 성능을 조사하였다. 본 연구 의 혁신적인 측면은 강재 보와 CFT 기둥의 연결부 사용과 저탄소강과 형상 기억 합금 구성요소의 조합을 활용하 는데 있다. 이러한 새로운 연결부의 목적은 지진 후 건물의 손상과 잔류 흐름을 줄이기 위해 고탄성 형상기억합금 인장부에서 발생하는 교정 작용과 저탄소강의 우수한 에너지 분산 능력을 활용하는 것이다. 연결부의 핀, 전체적인 고정 또는 부분 구속으로 모델링을 할 수 없기 때문에 이러한 구조물들의 해석과 설계는 복잡하여 PR-CFT 연결부 의 전체적인 거동을 알기 위한 수치해석을 위해 정교한 3차원 솔리드 요소로 구성된 유한해석 모델을 개발하였다. 이러한 유한요소 해석으로 얻은 결과를 바탕으로 스프링 요소를 이용하여 간단한 연결부 모델링을 공식화 시켰다. 반복 하중을 가하여 전체 프레임 구조물의 거동을 확인하였고 3D 유한요소 해석을 통하여 단순 거동을 비교하였 다.

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) used in the antireflection layer and current spreading layer of heterojunction solar cells should have excellent optical and electrical properties. Furthermore, TCOs need a high work function over 5.2 eV to prevent the effect of emitter band-bending caused by the difference in work function between emitter and TCOs. Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) film is a highly promising material as a TCO due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. However, ITO films have a low work function of about 4.8 eV. This low work function of ITO films leads to deterioration of the conversion efficiency of solar cells. In this work, ITO films with various Zn contents of 0, 6.9, 12.7, 28.8, and 36.6 at.% were fabricated by a co-sputtering method using ITO and AZO targets at room temperature. The optical and electrical properties of Zn-doped ITO thin films were analyzed. Then, silicon heterojunction solar cells with these films were fabricated. The 12.7 at% Zn-doped ITO films show the highest hall mobility of 35.71 cm2/Vsec. With increasing Zn content over 12.7, the hall mobility decreases. Although a small addition of Zn content increased the work function, further addition of Zn content over 12.7 at.% led to decreasing electrical properties because of the decrease in the carrier concentration and hall mobility. Silicon heterojunction solar cells with 12.7 at% Zn-doped ITO thin films showed the highest conversion efficiency of 15.8%.

This study was carried out to evaluate the microstructures and mechanical properties of a friction stir welded Ni based alloy. Inconel 600 (single phase type) alloy was selected as an experimental material. For this material, friction stir welding (FSW) was performed at a constant tool rotation speed of 400 rpm and a welding speed of 150~200 mm/min by a FSW machine, and argon shielding gas was utilized to prevent surface oxidation of the weld material. At all conditions, sound friction stir welds without any weld defects were obtained. The electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) method was used to analyze the grain boundary character distributions (GBCDs) of the welds. As a result, dynamic recrystallization was observed at all conditions. In addition, grain refinement was achieved in the stir zone, gradually accelerating from 19 μm in average grain size of the base material to 5.5 μm (150 mm/min) and 4.1 μm (200 mm/min) in the stir zone with increasing welding speed. Grain refinement also led to enhancement of the mechanical properties: the 200 mm/min friction stir welded zone showed 25% higher microhardness and 15% higher tensile strength relative to the base material.

In this study, we inserted a Zn buffer layer into a AZO/p-type a-si:H layer interface in order to lower the contact resistance of the interface. For the Zn layer, the deposition was conducted at 5 nm, 7 nm and 10 nm using the rf-magnetron sputtering method. The results were compared to that of the AZO film to discuss the possibility of the Zn layer being used as a transparent conductive oxide thin film for application in the silicon heterojunction solar cell. We used the rf-magnetron sputtering method to fabricate Al 2 wt.% of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) film as a transparent conductive oxide (TCO). We analyzed the electro-optical properties of the ZnO as well as the interface properties of the AZO/p-type a-Si:H layer. After inserting a buffer layer into the AZO/p-type a-Si:H layers to enhance the interface properties, we measured the contact resistance of the layers using a CTLM (circular transmission line model) pattern, the depth profile of the layers using AES (auger electron spectroscopy), and the changes in the properties of the AZO thin film through heat treatment. We investigated the effects of the interface properties of the AZO/p-type a-Si:H layer on the characteristics of silicon heterojunction solar cells and the way to improve the interface properties. When depositing AZO thin film on a-Si layer, oxygen atoms are diffused from the AZO thin film towards the a-Si layer. Thus, the characteristics of the solar cells deteriorate due to the created oxide film. While a diffusion of Zn occurs toward the a-Si in the case of AZO used as TCO, the diffusion of In occurs toward a-Si in the case of ITO used as TCO.

단층 래티스 돔과 같은 스페이스 프레임 구조물은 대공간을 확보하기 위하여 강접합으로 설계함으로써 경제성과 심미성 등의 장점을 확보할 수 있다. 그러나 실제 구조물의 접합상태는 완전한 강접합도, 완전한 핀접합도 아닌 접합부 상세에 따라 중간적인 특성을 나타내는 반강접합이 일반적이다. 본 연구에서는 저자 등에 의해 제안된 Step-Up Erection 공법을 적용하여 단층 라멜라 돔의 접합부 강성에 따른 시공 중의 좌굴 특성을 해석적으로 규명하였다. 얻어진 결과는 시공 Step이 증가할수록 그리고 접합부 휨강성이 핀접합에 가까울수록 좌굴내력은 감소하였으며, 좌굴모드는 시공 Step이 증가할수록, 접합부 휨강성이 강접합에 가까울수록 돔의 정점 부근에서 뜀좌굴 현상에 의한 절점좌굴이 발생하였다. 또한, 시공 Step이 낮을 경우 저면 경계부의 원주방향 부재에서 큰 인장응력 분포를 나타내었으며, 시공 Step이 증가할수록 정점 중앙부에서 큰 압축응력 분포를 보였다. 완성돔을 제외한 시공 중 Step에서는 Step이 증가할수록, 접합부 휨강성이 핀접합에 가까울수록 저면부 경선방향 부재에서 큰 인장응력 분포를 나타내었다.

케이블 구조시스템의 경우 자기 평형 상태를 유지하기 때문에 장력이 손실된 특정 케이블을 재긴장을 하지 않으면 구조엔지니어가 요구한 하중보다 더 큰 하중이 다른 케이블에 전달되어 손상을 야기 할 수 있다. 또한, 턴버클을 이용한 재긴장 방법이 기존에 널리 적용되고 있지만 정확한 장력조절과 대구경 케이블에는 적절하지 못하고 인장재의 하중의 크기를 측정하는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 효과적으로 재긴장 할 수 있는 유압식 볼팅 접합부를 개발하고 인장력을 실시간으로 확인할 수 있는 모니터링 시스템을 적용하였다. 본 논문에서는 개발된 시스템의 현장 적용성 실험과 결과를 제시하였다.

본 연구는 개별적인 반·강접 복합접합부 구조물을 수치해석적인 방법을 통하여 거동성능을 조사하는 대 초점을 두고 있다. 강제 보와 콘크리트 충전기둥 (CFT) 사이에 저탄소 강 구속재와 초탄성 (Super-elastic) 형상기억합금 (SMA) 재료의 구속재를 이용하여 연결한 방식이 제안된 접합부 구조물의 가장 큰 특징이다. 이러한 설계는 초탄성 형상합금을 변형이 많이 일어나는 부분에 인장 바(Bar)로서 설치하여 복원현상을 기대할수 있다. 또한 저탄소 강재 바는 거동에 에너지 소산능력을 향상 시키는 대 기여한다. 반·강접 접합부는 단순한 핀이나 완전구속으로 모 델링이 불가능하므로 해석이나 설계가 실제로는 매우 복잡하다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 제안된 구조물의 장점과 특성을 검증하기 위하여 정밀한 유한요소(Finite Element) 방법을 이용하여 접합부의 전반적인 거동을 재현하였다.

The initial clamping forces of the high strength bolts depending on the different faying surface conditions drop within 1,000 hours regardless of loading any other external force or loosening of the nut. This study focused on the mathematical model for relaxation confined to creep on coated faying surface after initial clamping. The quantitative equation for estimating long term relaxation was derived from nonlinear regression analysis for relation between the creep strain of coated surface and the elapsed time.

This study is pertaining to the connection of pultruded FRP members. When we design the structure using pultruded FRP members, it is very important to connect one member to other member under the condition that could maintain the required strength for structural safety. However, there are not any codes related with the connection of pultruded FRP members. Therefore, it is ambiguous how to connect each member. The pull-out tests are conducted of two different specimens and test results are analyzed for offering basic data used for making codes related with connection.

The purpose of this study is to deliberate on design application for a structure of beam with partially restrained composite connection to CFT column. It was intended to apply an economic and stable component by adjusting stiffness ratio of column connection through partially restrained composite connection. As a result of the review of stability of the structure, it was confirmed that in case of a low-rise building as a moment frame, it could be resisted without brace, as stiffness was increased when taking advantage of partial restrained composite connection by composite action.

This study aimed at construction of text and graphic database for moment-rotation curves of partially restrained composite beam-to-column connections. key words The M-θ data or figures under monotonic or cyclic tests are made as text files. Also, Eurocode 3 classification is added to the M-θ curve to verify as semi-rigid connections. For structural analysis, linear rotational stiffeness or nonlinear M-θ curves are transformed three-parameter power model. Although this database has some limitation, it will be used for further PRCC researches and tests.