하부 대류권의 대기물현상과 마이크로파 표면 방출율를 전구적으로 조사하기 위하여 1981-93년 기간의 MSU 채널1 밝기온도와 대기대순환 모델(GCM) 재분석 월평균 자료를 사용하였다. 모델재분석 채널1 자료의 평균값이 MSU 채널1 가중함수를 기초로 하여 세 종류의 모델(NCEP ECMWF, GEOS) 재분석에서 온도장을 이용하여 재구성되었다. 모델재분석 채널1 온도는 하부 대류권의 열적 상태를 주로 반영하기 때문에, 해양과 육지에서 계절에 관계없이 각 반구 여름철에 최대값을 나타내었다. MSU 채널1 밝기온도는 해양에서 대기물현상으로 인해 열대 및 남태평양 수렴대들 에서 극대값을 보였다. 또한 이 밝기온도는 빙하/눈 방출율 효과로 인하여 고위도 해양에서 증가하는 반면에, 고위도육지에서는 감소하였다. 열대 및 남태평양 수렴대들의 계절적 이동은 GCM과 MSU 사이의 채널1 온도 차의 분포에서 체계적으로 나타났다. 이러한 온도차의 극소값 위치에서 추정할 때, 열대 수렴대는 가을에 9N까지 북상하였고, 남태평양 수렴대는 북반구 가을과 겨울에 12S까지 남하하였다. 고위도 경우에는 해빙이 각 반구의 겨울에 북반구에서 53N까지 남하하고, 남반구에서는 58S까지 북상하였다 복사전달 결과를 이용하여 MSU 채널1 밝기온도에 대한 대기물현상과 표면 방출율의 부분적인 기여도를 분리하여 조사하였다. ITCZ지역에서 4-6K의 밝기온도 상승은 1-1.5mm/day의 대기물현상 증가에, 그리고 고위도 해양에서의 10-30K의 상승은 0.6-0.9값의 해빙 방출율의 기여에 해당하였다.

전기투석은 이온성 물질을 분리하고 농축하는데 안정하고 효과적인 공정으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 전기투석 공정은 고가의 이온교환막 때문에 실제 공정에 적용하는데 많은 제한을 받아오고 있다. 따라서 전기 투석공정의 운전 전류밀도를 가능한 높게 공급함으로써 이온교환막의 단면적당 flux를 증가시켜 주어야 한다. 그러나 실제 공정의 운전에 있어서 운전 전류밀도는 이온교환막 표면에서의 농도분극 현상으로 제한을 받게 된다. 본 총설에서는 이온교환막을 통한 이온의 이동현상을 설명하고 전류-전압 곡선을 이용한 막특성 분석을 소개하였다. 또한 한계전류밀도 전후의 전류 영역에서 농도분극 현상과 동반하는 전기대류(Electroconvection), 물 분해 현상 등에 대한 최근 연구결과를 정리하였다.

In the viscosity measurement of PIM feedstock, slip correction methods require a number of experiments and produce a high level of error. In this study, a rotational rheometer with a parallel-discs configuration having different surface roughness was tried to minimize the effect of the slip phenomenon. Disc surface was prepared in 3 different roughness conditions - a smooth and 2 roughened surfaces. Results with the roughened surfaces were compared with the results obtained with a slip correction method. Relationship between powder characteristics such as size and shape and a surface roughness of the disc was examined for feedstock of 4 different powders with a same binder. As results, the effect of the slip phenomenon could be sufficiently minimized on the roughened surface in most cases. However, the effect of the slip phenomenon could not be sufficiently minimized for feedstock of a round-particular-shape powder and in the case of very narrow gap size.

This paper presents some physical evidences indicating that reduced friction occurs in an cryogenic machining process, in which LN2 is applied selectively in well-controlled jets to the selected cutting zone. In machining tests, cryogenic machining reduced the force component in the feed direction, indicating that the chip slides on the tool rake face with lower friction. This study also found that the effectiveness of LN2 lubrication depends on the approach how LN2 is applied regarding cutting forces related.

We carried out this subject to observe photoisomerization using 1,2-dioleoyl-sn- glycero-3-phosphocholine(DOPC) mixed with fatty acid containing azobenzene group which has reversible to cis-trans by light irradiation. Spreading solutions for the LB films were prepared in chloroform(5.0×10-5mol/L).We investigated the photoisomerization and property of the organic ultra thin film of fatty acid containing azobenzene was prepared on the hydrophilic ITO(idium tin oxide) glass plate by LB method. As a result, the absorption spectra of 8A5H and DOPC of mixture LB films was induced to photoisomerization by alternating irradiation of ultraviolet and visible light, because the condensation of pure azobenzene monolayers was loosened by the introduction of phospholipid into the monolayers, and the molecular high aggregation in pure azobenzene monolayers is also weakened by the introduction of phospholipid. We found that it was reversibly induced to cis-trans photoisomerization in several solvents and mixture LB films.

The characteristics of structural behavior for a cable dome shows a strong nonlinearity and very sensitive by the initial imperfection. The instability phenomenon of Geiger-type cable dome structure is generated due to the in-plane twisting near the critical load level. In this study, therefore, the effect of bracing reinforcement resisting to the in-plane twisting is investigated for the Geiger-type model reinforced by bracing. The effect of initial imperfection is also studied because the structural instability phenomenon of shell-like structure is very sensitive according to the initial condition.

In order to Investigate water tree degradation behavior on XLPE cable, direct voltage of 200 to 800V has been applied to the material at 50℃~100℃, and the water tree property has been correlated with voltage and temperature. The leakage current was increase as temperature increased and the Ohm's law was generally satisfied in this experiment though some experimental errors were found. The leakage current was decreased and reached to the stable state with time. It was also shown that the time for the stabilization of leakage current was lessened as voltage increased