일반적으로 유화 아스팔트와 폼드 아스팔트를 사용한 현장 상온 재생 아스팔트 포장은 노후한 아스팔트 포장을 재생하는데 가장 경제적이며 친환경적인 재활용 공법이다. 최근, 현장 상온 재생 아스팔트 혼합물의 코팅, 라벨링, 잔류안정도, 양생조건을 향상시켜주는 고점착 유화 아스팔트가 개발되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 현장 상온 재생 아스팔트 포장을 위한 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물과 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물의 실내시험에 대한 반응특성을 비교하는 것이다. 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물은 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물과 비교하여 재활용 골재를 균일하게 코팅시켜주는 것으로 육안 관찰되었다. 현장 상온 재생 아스팔트 포장을 위한 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물과 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물의 마샬안정도와 간접인장강도는 유사한 반응을 보여주었다. 하지만 진공으로 포화된 습윤상태의 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물의 마샬안정도와 간접인장강도는 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 4시간 양생 후 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물의 라벨링 현상은 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물보다 적게 발생하였다. 본 실내시험에 대한 반응특성으로부터 현장 상온 재생 아스팔트 포장을 위한 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물은 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물보다 우수한 저항성과 라벨링 저항성을 발휘하는 것으로 평가되었다.

Thisstudy aimstodiscoverhistoricaltrendsandchangeofform ofallstupasin India with observation of field study thatis as directas possible,by classifying, analyzing, andsynthesizing thestupas.Study ofIndianstupainKoreahasanumber ofshortcomings since only introductory partialapproach has been made in orderto seek the origin ofKorean pagoda.This study also aims to correcterrors ofstupa terminology in Chinese character committed by misinterpretation of Hindilanguage whichwasestablishedbyprecedentJapanesescholarsseveraldecadesago. Piled-up stupasweretotally destroyed by pagans,thereforetheirremainstellus only ofstructure,material,sizeand disposition.Howeverremains ofcarved stone at torana and drum give us clues as to the originalform ofstupa and worshipping activity,aswellaschangetoamoreluxuriousform. Many rock cavestupasofIndiashow usboth simpleformsmatching theascetic age ofearly Buddhism and luxurious changes in Mahayanan era introducing us to statuesofBuddha.Indiansrecoveredthesphericform of'anda,'aHinditerm meaning cosmic egg,from the hemispheric form ofthe piled-up stupa. Therefore we might discardtheerraticterm of'bokbal',whichmeansanupsetvessel. Railingsandparasolsbecamemainfactorsofstupadesign.Carvedrailingsaround stupabecameasignofdivinity.Seriousworshippingactivitymadedrumslongorhigh and created multi-embossed stripes.Bases ofcircular drums of some cave stupas changedtheirshapestorectangularoroctagonal.Singleparasolsbecamemultiparasols ofaffluentflowerlike curved stems on carved stupa.Multistoried,elongated and high parasolsofGandharastupasareclosely related tosuch factorsasdiversechangesof form in Indian subcontinent.Four-sided toranagateand ayakacolumn ofthecircular form oforiginalstupassuggesttherectangularform ofsubsequentEastAsianpagoda, and higher and wider base of Indian stupas became the origin of East Asian rectangularpagoda.

In terms of deregulation requests from business, incidents at construction sites are rapidly increasing after reducing the regular safety training hours. Especially, to prevent incidents through safety trainings for construction site workers, who have lots of hazardous tasks than general manufacturing, is not only to protect property of both the companies and the country but also to increase their profits. That is why there are loud voices regarding that the safety training is a core mandatory to prevent industrial incidents. But, most companies, as soon as the deregulation for safety training is implemented, mitigated conducting safety trainings to prevent incidents. With this, the incidents are currently to be increased and caught in a vicious circle of many incidents at the smaller companies because of their absentmindedness regarding safety training due to their poorness as subcontractors of major companies, comparing to major companies. This study explains that the difference between managers and workers are existing about safety awareness and knowledge. And, we confirmed that the educational factor led by deficiency of safety awareness and knowledge was the major factor.