Our goal was to examine the effects of early denudation on the enucleation efficiency and developmental competence of embryos following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and parthenogenetic activation (PA). Oocytes were denuded following 30 h of in vitro maturation (IVM) and then cultured with (D+) or without (D-) their detached cumulus cells for additional h. Control oocytes were denuded after h of IVM. The size of the perivitelline space was larger at 40 h of IVM () than at 30 h ( p<0.01). The distances between the metaphase II (M II) plates and the polar bodies (PBs) were shorter in D+ () and D- oocytes () than in control oocytes ( p<0.01). Enucleation rates following blind aspiration at 40 h of IVM were higher (p<0.01) in D+ (92%) and D- oocytes (93%) compared to controls (82%). Early denudation did not affect oocyte maturation or the in vitro development of SCNT and PA embryos. When SCNT embryos from D+ oocytes were transferred to four gilts, pregnancy was established in two pigs, and one of them farrowed three live piglets. In conclusion, early denudation of oocytes at 30 h of IVM could improve the enucleation efficiency by maintaining the M II plate and the PB within close proximity and support the in vivo development of SCNT embryos to term.

본 연구는 도로설계 시 차로수 결정에 사용되는 적정 설계시간계수값의 특성분석과 적정 설계시간계수값을 적용하는데 있어 세부기준을 제시하기 위해 국내 일반국도 93개 상시교통량 조사지점에서 8년 동안 수집한 시간교통량 및 AADT 자료를 이용하여 AADT 증가와 시간적 변화에 따른 설계시간계수값의 변화를 회귀식 모형을 통해 분석하였다. 회귀식 모형은 30번째 시간교통량을 독립변수로 AADT를 종속변수로 하는 상수항이 없는 단순회귀식으로 구성하였으며, 회귀식은 차로수 구분(2차로, 4차로)과 AADT 수준(3개 그룹)에 따라 별도로 적용하였다. 분석결과, 제안한 회귀식 모형은 추정오차가 작고 모형의 설명력이 높게 나타났으며, 설계시간계수의 시계열적인 변동특성 분석결과, 설계시간계수는 연도별 변화가 크지 않고 차로수 또는 교통량이 클수록 작아지는 특성이 뚜렷하게 확인되었다. 연구의 한계로는 기존방법에서 채택하고 있는 30번째 혹은 100번째 순위의 설계시간계수는 맞다는 가정하에 분석을 진행한 것으로, 주 5일제 확대에 따른 여가통행 증가, 도로의 지역적 교통특성 등에 따른 설계시간계수 변화를 반영하지 못하고 있어 향후에 국내 실정에 맞는 최적순위의 설계시간계수 제시를 위한 연구가 추가적으로 필요하다.

Recently Ultra high strength concrete is actively being developed and studied, and this trend is explained with the following effects. Technological effects expected from the application of Ultra high strength concrete include the reduction of section, the decrease of structure mass and the improvement of workability. As for the reduction of section, the use of Ultra high strength concrete is effective for plane and height, and the effect is even higher when it is applied to high-rise buildings. The decrease of concrete mass resulting from high strength is advantageous for earthquake resistance, reduces the use of earthquake-resistant members, and brings resource substitution effects. In addition, forms can be removed early thanks to self-fillability and early expression of strength resulting from the high fluidity, and this increases construction efficiency and shortens construction period. Recently there is increasing interest and investment in high-rise buildings throughout the world, and countries are competing for higher buildings in order to display national status and technological power through high-rise buildings. In addition, the use of concrete materials in steel-frame building is increasing as residential buildings are growing higher. Currently the application of Ultra high strength concrete is limited to high-rise buildings and protective buildings for special purposes. However, its application is expected to expand to attain the effects of Ultra high strength concrete. For this purpose, we tested the field applicability of Ultra high strength concrete using simulated members. Mixture ratios derived from basic experiment were tested using reduced simulated members. Using the obtained results, the decrease of hydration heat and the increase of compression strength were compared and the optimal mixture ratio was selected. Concrete of the selected mixture ratio was produced at a ready-mixed concrete factory and placed at a construction site using a pump car. Through the experiment on field applicability, we presented basic materials on the construction-related and mechanical characteristics of Ultra high strength concrete.

미국 서부 지역을 근간으로 도출된 30m 심도까지의 평균 전단파속도(Vs30)는 부지 증폭 정도에 따른 설계 지진 지반 운동 결정을 위한 현행 지반 분류 기준이다. 부지의 Vs30을 산정하기 위해서는 현장탄성파 시험으로부터 적어도 30m 심도까지의 전단파 속도(Vs) 분포를 획득해야 한다. 그러나 많은 경우에서 현장의 불리한 여건 및 적용 시험 기법의 제한으로 인해 Vs분포 결정 심도가 30m에 이르지 못할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 총 72개소 부지들에서 다양한 탄성파 시험 수행을 통해 30m 이상 심도까지 Vs 분포를 획득하여 Vs30과 30m보다 얕은 심도까지의 평균 전단파속도(VsDs)들을 산정하고, 이로부터 Vs30과 VsDs간의 상관관계를 도출하였다. 또한, 모든 Vs 분포 자료의 평균에 근거한 형상 곡선을 작성하여 Vs 분포를 얕은 심도부터 30m까지 외삽할 수 있는 기법을 개발하였다. 얕은 심도 Vs 분포로부터의 Vs30 산정을 위하여 VsDs와 형상 곡선을 이용하는 두 기법은 최하단 Vs를 30m 심도까지 동일하게 연장하는 단순 기법에 비해 편향 정도가 적었으며, 특히 최소 10m 이상 심도까지 확보된 Vs분포의 경우 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Even though 30inch optical telescope at Kyung Hee Astronomy Observatory has been used to produce a series of scientific achievements since its first light in 1992, numerous difficulties in operating of the telescope have hindered the precise observations needed for further researches. Since the currently used PC-TCS(Personal Computer based Telescope Control System) software based on ISA-bus type is outdated, it doesn't have a user friendly interface and make it impossible to scale. Also accumulated errors which are generated by discordance from input and output signals into a motion controller required new control system. Thus we have improved the telescope control system by updating software and modifying mechanical parts. We applied a new BLDC(brushless DC) servo motor system to the mechanical parts of the telescope and developed a control software using Visual Basic6.0. As a result, we could achieve a high accuracy in controlling of the telescope and use the user friendly GUI(Graphic User Interface).

The term ‘modern’, in broader sense, refers to the concepts like modernity,modernization, modernism and the like, which came from Westernization impling therecognition of indigenous culture as being inferior to Western culture by comparison alongwith the expanded influences of the Empire of Japan. These concepts, however, ratherthan evolving from Western standards, came into being as a form of civilization led byJapan which had already tasted the fruits of modernization by 1920s. Since 1920s, the policy of, so-called, reconstructing Asian countries by Japan came tocreate eastern way of modernism, as a new East Asian trend mainly revealed in Chinawhich was against colonization after Japan’s invasion and conquest of Manchuria.Therefore, Eastern‘modern’unlike Western one could be understood in the widespreadterminology,‘Modern(摩登)’in Shanghai, reflecting consciousness like‘Fashion’or‘Trend’in female images on a variety of visual media. By 1930s it was the most notablethat‘modern’was accepted as something similar with‘Fashion’, or‘Trend’in socio-cultural contexts. These atmosphere had led commercial arts to enable to communicatewith the public in a great deal of supports and success in Shanghai which was widelyregarded as the citadel for the inflow of Western culture, among which transformations infemale images were remarkable as a representative form of culture. It is also remarkablethat‘historical modernity’transforming from the feudal age to modern society wasconsidered a synchronic modernity, and nationalism was regarded as a sort of beingmodern, while involved in the newly-changed female images as a fashion mode. Changes in fashion including hair style in Shanghai by 1930s, as a way ofexpressions showing what was modern through commercial artistic productions, wereeasily noticed in visual media as an outlet of modern women’s inner desire revealing theirpursuit for new mode of life in metropolitan cities. As a characteristic of the time creating anew code of visual female images, it is notable that there existed another form of‘modern’satisfying socio-cultural needs of the general public seeking for being‘modern’.

구상성단 M30의 20'.5×20'.5 영역에 대한 CCD UBVI 측광 관측을 수행하여 색-등급도로부터 주계열 전향점과 색지수 VTO=18.63±0.05, (B-V)TO=0.44±0.05, (V-I)TO=0.63±0.05를 얻었으며, 색-색도로부터 E(B-V)=0.05±0.01과 중원소 함량의 지표인 UV 색 초과량 δ(U-B)=0.27±0.01을 얻었다. 측광학적인 방법과 분광 관측 자료를 이용하여 중원소 함량 [Fe/H]=-2.05±0.09를 구하였다. 관측된 M30의 광도 함수는 이론적 모델에 비하여 전향점 부근에 비하여 적색 거성열의 초과 현상을 보였다. Hipparcos 위성에서 측정된 삼각 시차로부터 거리가 알려진 준왜성을 이용하여 주계열 맞추기를 하여 거리 지수 (m-M)o=14.75±0.12를 구하였다. 헬륨 함량을 구하기 위하여 R과 R' 방법을 사용하여 Y(R)=0.23±0.02, Y(R')=0.29±0.02를 얻었다. 성단의 나이는 적용하는 방법과 모델에 따라서 10.7 Gyr에서 17 Gyr까지 분산을 보인다.