This study was performed to evaluate whether vitrification method using ethyle glycol and eletron microscopic (EM) grid could be used far the cryopreservation of human oocytes in ART program. Surplus oocytes were obtained from consented IVF patients. These surplus human oocytes were frozen with our vitrification method, Oocytes were exposed to 1.5M ethylene glycol (EG) in DPBS far 2,5 minutes, followed by 5.5M EG plus 1.0M Sucrose in DPBS for 20 seconds. Then oocytes were transferred onto the EM grid and the grid was plunged into LN2 for storage. For thawing, oocytes containing EM grid were sequentially transferred in 1.0M, 0.5M, 0.25M, 0.125M and 0 M sucrose in DPBS solution at the intervals of 2.5 minutes. Thawed and survived oocytes were provided for ICSI. Embryos from vitrified oocytes were transferred to uterus of the patient on 4 to 5 days after ovulation in natural cycles of on 15 to 17 day of hormone replacement cycles. A total of 370 oocytes from 26 patients were thawed and 159 (43.0%) of them survived. One hundred thirty four oocytes (84.3%) were fertilized normally and 126 pre-embryos were transferred to 26 patients, resulting in 5 clinical pregnancies. The pregnancy rate per transfer was 19.2% and implantation rate was 4.0%. Among the five pregnant, 4 patients delivered 4 healthy babies and the one patient was 32-week ongoing pregnancy. From this results, vitrification using ethylene glycol as cryoprotectant and EM grid is a rapid and simple method that can be effectively applied for the cryopreservation of human oocytes in ART program.

The Purpose of this Study is to find the Modern Movements which had done important roles on the development of modern church architecture and sacred art in the first half of 20th century. I had investigated the background and process of the movements, and analyzed the buildings which represented the movements. And I compared the architectural fruits of 'Riturgical Movement' and 'L' art Sacré Movement. The results are summarized as follows : First, there are two important movements in Catholic church in the backgrounds of the innovative changes of modern church architecture, Those are 'Riturgical Movement' which pursuits to establish a closer relation between clergy and congregation, and to make the positive participants in the service not mere observers and 'L' art Sacré Movement' which pursuits to accept modern secular art into church. Second, both movements had been developed on the bases of the theological studies with tow monasteries - Benedictine Order and Dominican Order - as leader. And the main concept was a kind of revival movement which recovers the Christian tradition. Third, The two movements began from the different themes and in the different regions. But they exerted influences each other, and achieved successful fruits in the Catholic churches of England and Swiss in 1960'. Fourth, 'Riturigical reformation' and 'Acceptance of modern art' had been officialized and generalized through the second Vatican Council(1962-1965).

본 논문은 이건용이 5⋅18 민주화운동이라는 역사적 현실에 직면하여 예술가곡 작곡을 중단하 고 대중적 장르인 쉬운 ‘노래’로 양식변화를 한 것에 주목하였다. 1980년대의 비판적 현실을 민중 과 소통하기 위한 그의 노래 작곡은 음악과 삶의 관계성을 중시하는 그의 현실결부적인 음악관에 따른 것이다. 군사정부가 물러난 1990년대에 그의 예술가곡 작곡은 다시 시작된다. 이 시기의 가 곡 작곡에서도 이전 시기의 가곡 작품들과 구별되는 양식변화가 나타난다. 1970년대의 작품들에 서 존재론적이고 자아탐구적인 시적 내용이 두드러지는 것에 반해, 1990년대 이후의 작품들에서 는 공동체와의 공유적 감성이 강화되어 있으며, 양식적으로도 단순화된 경향을 보인다. 이건용은 음악의 가치를 작품의 완결성보다는 공동체적인 삶과의 상호관계 속에서 역동적으로 변화하는 ‘되어감’의 과정에서 파악한다. 그의 노래와 가곡 작곡에 나타난 양식변화는 이러한 ‘되어감’의 과 정을 보여주고 있다.