The use of the Internet and Web-based instruction (WBI), that is, individual instruction delivered wholly or in part via the Internet or an organization's intranet, is growing at an amazing pace in China. This article describes the status of using the Internet and WBI for learning in China, and examines the many cultural and pedagogical implications and challenges presented by WBI in China. The People's Republic of China is the third largest and the most populous country in the world. Because of a weak economic foundation and the difficulty of feeding an immensely large population, China is still a developing country. However, recently, China has been experiencing a rapid growth in the use of the Internet and its Web technologies, and many researchers are looking into the implications and impact of this phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to discuss the cultural and pedagogical implications related to the use of WBI in China. To this end, it synthesizes pertinent literature published both in the Western world and in China to reveal the status of using WBI in China and address the many challenges and issues presented by WBI there.

Nuclear safety, security, and safeguards (nuclear 3S) are essential components for establishing robust nuclear environments. Nuclear safety is to protect public and environments from radioactive contamination, which can be caused in accidents. Nuclear security is to protect nuclear facilities from terrorism or sabotage, which related to physical a ttacks or insider threats. And nuclear safeguards is to protect nuclear materials from extortion by a state with a purpose of weaponizing activities. When a new nuclear facility is introduced, it is possible to save abundant amount of resources by considering nuclear 3S in an early stage (design phases). Initially, the international atomic energy agency (IAEA) recommended safeguards-by-design (SBD) approach. The concept of SBD gradually expands to nuclear 3S-by-design (3SBD). Though there are differences in purpose and target subject, each nuclear ‘S’ is closely related with others. When introducing a certain technology or equipment in order to enhance one ‘S’, another ‘S’ also get affected. The effect can be synergies or conflicts. For instance, confidential information in nuclear security is required for a safeguards activity. On the contrary, inspection equipment for safeguards can be used for security. Pyroprocessing is a technology for managing used nuclear fuels. As pyroprocessing is a backend fuel cycle technology, a sensitive nuclear technology, safeguards has taken a large portion of nuclear 3S research in an effort to achieve international credibility and nuclear transparency. As mentioned, there are both synergies and conflicts in integrating nuclear 3S. In this study, we investigate potential challenges in applying nuclear 3S integration to pyroprocessing by addressing synergies and conflicts. This approach will suggest required supplementary methods to build the reliable pyroprocessing environment.

In the process of China’s modernization of social and economic development, China has gradually expanded the scope of foreign trade, especially the deepening of economic and trade cooperation with South Korea, and the steady growth of bilateral trade and investment. However, during this period, it will be affected by internal and external factors, leading to the increasing trade deficit between China and South Korea. The frequent occurrence of trade friction has caused a serious impact on the economic and trade development of China and South Korea. Therefore, in the actual work, it is necessary to respond flexibly to the challenges, meet the opportunities and adopt scientific countermeasures according to the development status of Sino-South Korea economic and trade cooperation, so as to promote the continuous progress of the two countries’ economic and trade.

RCEP, through its unique rules of origin accumulation, promotes mutual tariff concessions between Korea and China, reduces trade production costs, and will further promote the negotiation of the Korea-China FTA. Focusing on the post-epidemic era, South Korea and China should strengthen the consensus on economic and trade cooperation and use the higher standard and more comprehensive RCEP agreement to achieve a mutually beneficial and win-win situation. The industrial supply chain between South Korea and South Korea is the result of the spontaneous formation of the market, mutual benefit and win-win results. Third-party markets such as the Far East can better cooperate to provide impetus for the economic development of the two countries and the recovery of the world economy.

Gannan navel orange is the characteristic brand of Jiangxi agricultural products and the national geographical indication product of China. Gannan navel orange has large yield, wide planting area, high brand value and large export volume.”Belt and Road” is an economic innovation and economic change made by China for the country and the world under the current weak economic environment. Under the new economic development, Gannan navel orange, as an important agricultural product, should actively connect with the “Belt and Road” development strategy, develop its own advantages, and take advantage of this opportunity to further develop the navel orange brand. Gannan navel orange needs to play an advantage to meet the challenge under the new economic environment such as “Belt and Road ”. This paper mainly analyzes the export and future development of Gannan navel orange under the new economic environment. The export volume of Gannan navel orange under the background of Belt and Road is suggested.

This study aims to suggest the direction of urban regeneration policies of Gangwon-do in accordance with COVID-19 outbreak, and the results are as follows. First, it is inevitable to urgently execute the project from the perspective of cities and counties in Gangwon-do, where the promotion of urban regeneration projects has been delayed due to COVID-19 incident. As a result, it is highly likely to cause the employees overloaded and have negative effect on achieving the goals of urban regeneration, so, it is necessary to provide support measures at the government and provincial level, such as the actual execution index and the adjusting time of start and completion of particular business. Second, as the uncertainty of COVID-19 continues, it needs to strengthen the operation and monitoring of urban regeneration support centers in Gangwon-do and examine the changes in business operation plans in advance. In particular, the decrease in visitors to traditional markets and restaurants is expected to have a direct effect on small business owners engaged in the service industry. Therefore, it is necessary to actively consider the utilization plans of smart city regeneration, such as online shopping and non-contact payment. Third, it is necessary to phase in smart urban regeneration training focused on information weakness to narrow the digital gap, in preparation for general lifestyle changes such as contactless and non-face-to-face interactions. At a time when new light is being shed on local areas, which are quieter than heavily populated cities, a project that reflects the regional characteristics and culture of Gangwon-do is necessary.

This study examines the cost and benefit (i.e., income) of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) rubber plantations in Thailand. The study attempts to identify the challenges to the implementation of FSC standards in rubber plantations in the country. A total of 60 rubber farmers in two Southern provinces, namely, Songkhla and Rayong, were interviewed through a standardized questionnaire to gather primary data. The study found that small-, medium- and large-sized FSC rubber plantations were worth investing in. All sizes of rubber plantations had similar values of benefit cost ratio (BCR). It was also found that the values of the discount payback period (DPP) of the three forms of FSC rubber plantations were 9-12 years, while the large rubber plantations had the highest internal rate of return (IRR) (19.0%). It implies that the large-size plantations had the highest values. The rubber farmers in the study area reported that they are facing a number of problems and hardships in implementing FSC standards, lacking knowledge and understanding of FSC, especially for preparing documentation. Therefore, the Thai government should take proper policy initiatives to remove all the problems and barriers in implementing FSC standards for the sustainable rubber production in the country.

The objectives of this study are to understand the meaning of cloud accounting, to investigate whether it is favorable for performance of the organization and what are the challenges if a country like Bangladesh wants to implement it. Primary data have been collected from 300 respondents selected from the field of accounting, such as accountants, accounting graduates of different universities, teachers and bankers. To measure the reliability and validity of the sample size and data, KMO and Bartlett’s test have been adopted and the results proved to be reliable and valid for the study. Regression analysis has been done to find out the positive impact of cloud accounting on organizational performance and negative impact of cloud accounting on existing accounting system of the organization. The results of regression analysis supported our alternative hypotheses that cloud accounting can improve organizational performance, but it has also some negative impacts. Descriptive statistics have been used to find out the probable challenges that may be faced by organizations that want to implement it. This is a pioneering study because there is little research on this topic, thus it is expected to develop awareness about cloud accounting in field of accounting in Bangladesh.

This study aims to determine the technical aspects of organic food systems in rice agribusiness and analyze the pattern of economic and institutional structures of agribusiness in East Java of Indonesia. Also, this study investigates the feasibility of farming and understands the strategies of rice agribusiness development. This study was conducted in several places in East Java of Indonesia, covering the district of Blitar, Kediri, Bondowoso, Tulungagung, and Malang. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussion. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using efficiency analysis, revenues analysis, and SWOT analysis. The findings indicated that, technically, the district of Bondowoso, Malang, Kediri, and Tulungagung had implemented the organic systems, while the district of Blitar applied under semi-organic systems. The pattern of economic institutions of agribusiness commodity consists of the production facility, farming, post-harvest and product processing, marketing, and support services institutional. These results showed that the organic rice farming is economically viable, and the government support was provided in the form of the establishment of development centers, the facilitation of agricultural machines, integrated crop management field school, and the organic certification. These findings suggest that several places in East Java have prospective opportunities for production of rice agribusiness development.

Bitcoin and other prominent cryptocurrencies have gained much attention since the last several years. Globally known as digital coin and virtual currency, this cryptocurrency is gained and traded within the blockchain system. The blockchain technology adopted in using the cryptocurrency has raised the eyebrows within the banking sector, government, stakeholders and individual investors. The rise of the cryptocurrency within this decade since the inception of Bitcoin in 2009 has taken the market by storm. Cryptocurrency is anticipated as the future currency that might replace the current paper currency worldwide. Even though the interest has caught the attention of users, many are not aware of its opportunities, drawbacks and challenges for the future. Researches on cryptocurrencies are still lacking and still at its infancy stage. In providing substantial guide and view to the academic field and users, this paper will discuss the opportunities in the cryptocurrency such as the security of its technology, low transaction cost and high investment return. The originality of this paper is on the discussion within law and regulation, high energy consumption, possibility of crash and bubble, and attacks on network. The future undertakings of cryptocurrency and its application will be systematically reviewed in this paper.

독도는 러․일 전쟁 중에 일본에 의해 침탈당했다가 광복 후 다시 되찾은 우리 고유의 영토이다. 그러나 일본은 ‘다케시마의 날’ 제정, 독도를 일본 영토로 표기한 ‘학습 지도 요령’과 그에 따른 교과서 등을 발간하며 독도에 대한 영유권을 계속 주장하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 최근에는 우리나라 안에서도 유명한 대학의 교수들이 중심이 된 소위 <반일종족주의> 저자들이 노골적으로 독도는 일본 땅이라고 주장하는 일까지 벌어지고 있다. 이러한 일본의 노골적인 독도영유권 주장과 일본 우익들의 논리를 그대로 수용하고 있는 한국의 일부 지식인들의 그릇된 역사인식에 적극적으로 대응하기 위해서라도 학교현장의 독도교육은 매우 중요하다. 특히 미래 사회를 이끌어갈 청소년들에게 독도가 단순히 영유권 문제가 아니라 한ㆍ일간의 과거사 문제라는 점을 분명히 가르쳐 과거사 극복 과정에서 독도문제를 인식할 수 있도록 다각적인 측면에서 교육이 필요하다. 이러한 의미에서 현재 학교현장에서 독도를 어떻게 가르치고 배우고 있는가를 되짚어보는 작업은 독도를 둘러싼 일본과의 갈등 해결과 국제사회의 일원으로 살아가야 하는 우리 학생들이 길러야할 민주시민으로서의 역량을 기르는데 의미가 있다고 생각한다. 이러한 문제인식에 바탕하여 중학교 교육과정과 교과서의 독도 관련 내용구성과 체계를 살펴보고, 이어서 교육부와 시ㆍ도교육청의 독도교육 정책에 따라 실제 중학교에서 독도교육이 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지를 검토한 후 독도교육의 과제와 몇 가지 제언을 하고자 한다. 그러나 학교현장에서의 독도교육 활동이 학생들의 역사관과 영토관에 구체적으로 어떤 변화를 주었는지, 그리고 과연 일본의 독도 침략 야욕에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는지 까지는 나아가지 못하였다. 이 부분은 앞으로 연구과제로 남기고자 한다.

This research analyses the challenges facing SMEs in Oman in their quest for internationalization. The study is based on the OECD Model of Internationalization put forward in the report titled “How to Foster the Internationalization of SMEs through the Pacific Alliance Integration Process” which focuses on four factors namely finance, business environment, firm capabilities and market access, which are appropriate for an emerging economy like Oman. This study used a descriptive and quantitative research design in attempting to analyze the challenges being faced by Omani SMEs in their endeavors to internationalize. The research investigates causal relationship between variables using positivist and deductive approach. Data collected from 102 respondents was analysed by Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) using AMOS. It was found that finance availability was the most significant predictor of internationalization challenges followed by market access and business environment, while firm capabilities had no impact. Thus SMEs need easier access to credit and have to develop their international business networks and their marketing capabilities in order to grow internationally. Keeping in mind the contribution made by SMEs the government has to intervene by opening up easy lines of credit to SME exporters and allowing them relaxations in customs and other duties.

This study argues that expanding the multifunctionality of agriculture (MFA) may mitigate existing agricultural problems. To do that this study redefines the concept and scope of the MFA and presents practical tasks to achieve it. Theorizing the MFA begins with the theory of sustainability and first identifies the link between sustainability and MFA. Later, considering the limitations of the existing sustainability theories, we examined where the false linkages leading to the destruction of environmental and social relations originated, and employed the (Re)productivity [(Re)produktivitat] theory in order to obtain alternatives. Research shows that welfare effects of the MFA on humans and the environment are not less than those derived from the agricultural products supplied to the real market, but the values are not recognized. The absence of proper care and compensation is the basis of agricultural problems in Korea. Therefore, this study acknowledges that the MFA is as much worthy as real agricultural production, and insists that appropriate compensation and care should be given to humans (farmers) and nature (agricultural ecosystem) in order to maintain and expand the MFA. In other words, a virtuous cycle between sustainability and the MFA means that the process spreads sustainable farming methods to expand the MFA, forms social consensus on it, and pays fair remuneration for agriculture from the public sector. Transition to such a virtuous cycle requires re-establishing the definition and scope of the MFA, implementing targeting policy, motivating policy targets, strengthening human capacity, and arranging maturity time.