한국 스마트폰 게임의 빠른 성장과 함께 새로운 수익화 모델에 대한 검토가 요구된다. 특히 스 마트폰으로 공급되는 다양한 콘텐츠들이 사업화 관점에서 적절한 수익모델을 찾지 못한 것에 비 해, 스마트폰 게임은 기존 아케이드 게임 산업과 콘솔ㆍPC 기반 패키지 게임 산업의 시장 경험을 적극 수용하여, 유료 다운로드 모델, 부분 유료화 모델, 게임 내 광고 모델 등 과금을 유도하는 다 양한 수익화 모델을 개발하고 적용했으며, 이를 통해 단시간에 두터운 과금 사용자 그룹을 형성하 였다. 이러한 수익화 모델의 개발과 적용은 스마트폰 게임 시장의 고속 성장과 발전에 중요한 기 폭제가 된다. 이에 한국 스마트폰 게임에서 부분 유료화 모델의 문화적 특징과 게임 산업 전체의 수익화 모델 변화 과정을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 부분 유료화 모델을 도입ㆍ발전시킨 일본과 세계 시장을 주도하는 중국의 부분 유료화 모델을 비교하고자 한다.

국가의 신 성장 동력 연구 개발 지원을 위한 벤처캐피탈과 벤처관련 연구는 한국, 미국, 일본 뿐 만 아니라 L자형경제성장으로 들어선 중국에서까지 활발히 논의 되고 있는 금융 투자 분야이다. 2000 년대 미국 발 벤처투자 붐을 시작으로 한국과 중국의 학계와 금융업계에서 널리 논의 되고 타국과의 비교와 자국 모델수립 및 운영과 회수방법에 대한 논의가 계속되고 있다. 2014년부터 중국 벤처투자 시장의 가시적인 성장이 눈부시다. 2014년 시진핑 주석의 하남성 방문에서 발표한 신창타이체제 아래서 정부주도하의 새로운 경제성 장동력을 찾기 노력의 하나이다. 벤처투자업종에 있어서 하이테크 위주의 투자는 한국의 벤처투자와 비슷해 보이지만, 관리체계에서 LP보다는 GP투자를 확산을 통해 단기적인 벤처투자가 아닌 장기적인 포지션을 유지한다는데서 의미가 있다. 일류기술과 이류경영보다는 이류기술이지만 일류경영이 벤처 투자에 더 성공을 가져다 준다고 보편적으로 알려져 있다. GP투자는 무작정 벤처업체에 자금을 투자 하기 보다는 효율적인 경영과 관리감독에 더욱 신경을 쓰는 것으로 정부와 사회의 장기적인 지원과 관심이 필요한 분야이다. 무섭게 성장하는 중국벤처산업이 침체되어 가는 중국경제발전의 한 줄기 희 망으로 작용 할 것이다.

다수의 사용자가 동시에 참여하는 MMORPG에서의 소통은 매우 중요한 요소이다. 채팅 시스 템 발전 과정상에서 나타난 음성 채팅 시스템은 한국에서는 실패했으나, 중국에서는 큰 성공을 하였다. 이 원인을 분석하는 것이 이 연구의 목쵸이다. 본 연구는 중국의 게임산업 성장기인 2003년 이후의 매출 및 동시접속자수 1위의 MMORPG를 범위로 설정하였다. 분석 과저에서 한 자와 한글의 입력 속도, 남녀 관계 등 다양한 요인을 설문조사를 통해 조사 및 분석하였다. 결 론적으로 중국 MMORPG의 채팅 시스템은 크게 3개 단계로 발전하였으며, 중국의 느린 타자 입력 속도와 우수한 음성 채팅 시스템이 중국에서 음성 채팅이 상대적으로 발전하게 된 요인임 을 확인하였다.

1980년대 이후 한국 중소기업의 해외직접투자가 급속히 증가해 왔고 이는 한국 산업구조 조정, 기 업자체의 경쟁력 등의 원인도 있지만 한국 정부의 적극적인 지원도 무시할 수 없다. 한국기업의 해외 투자 역량제고와 관련된 정부지원제도의 내용은 크게 정보, 상담 및 컨설팅의 제공, 해외투자관련 전 문인력의 양성, 금융 및 세제 등의 지원 등 세 가지 분야로 구분할 수 있다. 이러한 체계적이고 효율 적인 지원제도는 중국정부의 중소기업 해외진출 지원제도의 수립에 있어서 많은 시사점을 줄 수 있 다.

This paper estimates the impact of terms of trade(TOT) on economic growth and inflation for seven Asian countries. We find that for China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, the deterioration of TOT can promote economic growth. In the case of the improvement of TOT, the domestic price tends to decrease in Philippines and Turkey. In contrast, CPI in countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Pakistan rises because of the improvement of TOT. According to the results which are based on the VEC model, we can conclude when the TOT of China, Indonesia, Pakistan and Philippines is not so appropriate from the long-run equilibrium, the economy can also turn back to the equilibrium by error correction process. And there are statistically nonsignificant trends toward the influence of long-terms economic balance to real GDP per capita of India and Malaysia. As for the situation of CPI in India and Pakistan, when TOT is impacted, the economy can still turn back to the equilibrium by error correction process. But the adjustment coefficient of China, Philippines and Turkey is not so significant in statistics.

본고는 「교육용기초한자 자소표 制定을 위한 試案 연구」(2015)에서 제시한 ‘試案’과 현재 중국 교육부에서 제정하여 시행하고 있는 「現代常用字部件及 部件名稱規範」(2009)과의 상호비교를 통하여, 兩者 간의 得失을 따져 보고, 그 결과에 근거하여 ‘試案’의 미비점을 보완하기 위하여 작성되었다. 이를 위하여, 우선 ‘試案’에서 제시한 310개 組 453개 기초자소와 중국의 441개 組 514개 部件을 서로 비교하여 일차적으로 아래와 같은 兩者 간의 차이를 가려내었다. 1. 양자가 동일하게 선정한 자소: 343개 2. 前者에서 따로 설정한 자소: 110개 3. 後者에서 따로 설정한 자소: 171개 본고는 위의 3과 4를 중심으로 하여 양자 간에 차이가 나는 원인을 분석한 결과, 그 원인은 아래와 같은 이유에서 비롯된 것임을 적출 할 수 있었다. 1. 楷書體와 簡體字 간의 乖離 2. 對象 字數의 차이 3. 문자의 系統性과 現實性에 대한 인식차이 4. 層次分析 방법의 채택여부 5. 기타 이상의 비교작업을 통하여 양자 간의 得失을 糾明해 본 결과, 양자 모두 각 각 설정한 ‘자소추출원칙’을 일관되게 지키지 못한 경우가 적지 않게 확인되 었고, 疏漏한 부분 역시 적지 않게 발견되었다. 그러나 작업을 통하여 전자 의 문제점을 다시 검토하고 보완 할 수 있는 방법을 모색할 수 있게 되었으 며, 자소 數의 增減 、分組(組 나눔) 등의 문제에 있어서는 구체적으로 修訂 해야 할 부분도 발견할 수 있었던 것은 큰 수확이라고 판단되었다. 이외에 도, 본고의 작업결과는 한자문화권에서의 한자공용문제를 해결하기 위한 기 초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이며, 현재 韓中 양국에서 각각 公式字形으로 사용하고 있는 楷書體와 簡體字간의 互換原理를 파악하는데 있어서의 중요 한 학습자료로도 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

Background : Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is distributed in northeastern region in China. The seeds are oil-rich and used as an edible and/or medicinal additives in China. We investigated genetic indices and molecular variance using ISSR markers and oil contents variance by analyzing fatty acid composition in several artificial populations in China. Methods and Results : Seeds were collected from four discontiguous artificial populations in four area in China : two in Inner Mongolia (IM), one in Liaoning (LN) and one in Shandong (SD). Farm in SD showed the highest number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon index (I), and expected heterozygosity (He), i.e., 1.598, 0.470, and 0.325, respectively. Crude fat contents in kernel observed as 54.5 g 100 g-1 from SD. In contrast it was observed the lowest contents as 46.5 g 100 g-1 from LN . The fatty acid composition was determined to those of oleic acid (31.3%) from SD. And linoleic acid was determined as 38.1% from LN. These artificial populations have relatively high genetic variation, and within-population variation (23%) was higher than among populations. The artificial populations were divided into two groups, revealing these was little correlation between genetic and geographic distance. Conclusion : This study can provide the important information on genetic variation and contents characteristics. It may be responsible for the programs of improvement and germplasm conservation in the future.

Purpose - Considering the importance of housing needs to real estate market, domestic studies on real estate prices from the perspective of demand are basically based on macro-data, but relatively few are associated with micro-data of urban real estate demand. We try to find a reliable relation of elasticity of demand and commercial housing market. Research design, data, and methodology - In this paper, we have derived housing demand theoretic method and have utilized micro-data of residential family housing survey of downtown area in Kunming City in October, 2015 to estimate income elasticity and price elasticity of housing demand respectively and make a comparative analysis. Results - The results indicate that income elasticity and price elasticity of families with owner-occupied housing are both larger than those of families with rental housing. Income elasticity of housing demand of urban residential families in Kunming is far below the foreign average and eastern coastal cities level, however, the corresponding price elasticity is far higher. Conclusions - We suggest that housing affordability of urban families in western China are constrained by the level of economic development, and the current housing price level has exceeded the economic affordability and psychological expectation of ordinary residents. Furthermore, noticing the great rigidity of housing demand, the expansion space of housing market for improvement and for commodity is limited.

The rapid expansion of China’s trade surplus since the mid-eighties and picking up until the onset of 2008-09 global financial crisis has been a key development in the world economy. While growing trade surplus of China has been viewed with cynicism borne out of an undervalued Yuan and for having being a member of WTO since 2001, many others argue that China’s trade surplus reflect changes in China’s economic and trade structure and associated shifts in its role within regional and global production chains. We address this issue by analyzing: (i) China’s growing and changing trade structure as well as changing structure of trade surplus with the rest of the world, USA, Europe, Japan and rest of Asia, (ii) China’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) with the rest of the world, and (iii) how China’s trade policies resulted into a shift in China’s trade structure. We find that, not only China has made significant inroads in the world trade since its admission to WTO, but also there has been a noticeable shift in China’s trade structure with specialization in high-end technology industries wherein China’s exports aided by a well calibrated FDI policy.

This study uses an endogenous economic growth model to determine the long run relationship between trade openness and economic growth in China by using the data 1975-2009.It contributes to the literature by developing trade openness index. An autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration and rolling regression method are employed. This study tests the link between trade openness and economic growth in the case of China by using the framework of endogenous economic growth model. This study also employs the rolling window regression method in order to examine the stability of coefficients throughout the sample span. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration technique and rolling regression method are used. The empirical findings indicate that trade openness (i.e. Both individual trade indicator and composite trade openness index) are positively related to economic growth in the long run and short run. Our results indicate that trade openness as measured by individual trade indicator and composite trade openness index are positively related to economic growth in the long run and short run. However, results from the rolling window suggest that trade openness is negatively linked to economic growth only for a number of years.

Social capital plays a positive role on corporate business performance and business capacity. The paper utilizes corporate social capital theory to discuss marketing channels of sports goods industry, establishes an influence model of corporate social capital for marketing channels of sports goods industry, and elaborates influences of marketing channel design, channel conflict resolution and channel performance management from three aspects, including structure dimension, relational dimension, and cognitive dimension of corporate social capital. Based on analyzing these influence factors, the paper proposes a countermeasure of utilizing network structure and common belief to expand marketing channels and optimize marketing network; using trust, normative mechanism and system to solve channel conflicts; and making use of trust, cooperation, reciprocal norms and external social network to improve market performance.

Small and micro cultural enterprises make tremendous contributions to the development as well as the growth of China’s cultural industry. Creative talents who is playing a significant role are the sources of the rise, development and prosperity of enterprises. It is useful to develop a series of special strategies to motivate the creative talents on the premise that we analyzed the current situation of small and micro enterprises, the characteristics and demand factors of the creative talents. At present, there exist some problems in the small and micro enterprises about incentive, such as inferfect human resource management, low overall wage level and depressed business environment and so on. In order to solve the above problems, we ought to stick to the principles: combining the material and mental incentives, short-term and long-term incentives as well as individual and team motivation. We can complete the system of incentives by means of human resource outsourcing, create suitable environment for creative talents, enhance cultural and intrinsic incentives and so on intending to improve the incentive level of creative talents in small and micro enterprises.

2015 China's mobile payment record over $258 billion, and first mark 2310 billion dollars of U.S. mobile payment. In particular, since 2000 China's Internet, e-commerce and mobile market is growing explosively. Internet related sectors was a rapid economic growth and more than 30 percent, got the active state support measures, through the “Plus the Internet” of the Chinese government key industrial development. China has have 800 million and the number of Chinese Internet Users and one billion persons of smartphone holder. However, Chinese Internet market is foreign half closed, and exclusive to the market. Nation's leading Internet companies in Korea, Naver coperation and KaKao co. as well as a global company Google, Facebook also be limited to advance in China. China's, a leading internet companies has grown explosively, self-reliance and to increasing thier size in the Chinese government's aggressive Internet service business of protection policy. China, which not only change rapidly, go to the variety of online services market, fast growth and a third party payment service market. Among them, not deterred by the place, and growing mobile payments market is getting attention with high convenience. China grew into 14 trillion won and mobile payment market in 2014,China Mobile payments the world No.1 mobile payment market by 2015 surpassed U.S.A. Third party payment services online purchase of goods and large discount stores as well as payment services O2O, restaurant food expenses payment and money transfers, electricity, as well as the gas bill, even street vendors roasted sweet potato, third-party mobile payments service when purchasing in China to the point where I could make a deal through the mobile payment services, are becoming popular. “cash - debit card - credit cards – mobile payments” general financial patterns that lead to beyond directly to mobile payments in cash, debit card, ChinaEnough to outshine even when they preferred The credit card market trends and status of the development of mobile payments do not have on the market. Followed by China sns and representatives of the game maker, Tencent wichaet tenpei you go to pay 490 million in second place, China Federation of Banks that 500 million Union number of customers, renobo, Laka, Pay, Baidu's Wallet Baidu, Suning's ipuba, Oga, Wonjuk on the market share. But by 2017 industry in China smartphones to 1.5 billion units expected to increase its reserves to sustained competition and innovation is expected to come out because it is a promising market.

사숙재(私淑齋) 강희맹(姜希孟, 1424-1483)이 편찬한 진산세고(晉山世 稿)를 보면 이 집안에서 대대로 많은 인물들이 문과에 급제하고 문집이 편찬되 었음이 확인된다. 이를 보면 진주강씨 공목공파가 고려말 조선초의 대표적인 문벌임이 확실하다. 공목공파(恭穆公派) 선조 가운데 문장으로 가장 뛰어난 인물이 강희맹인데, 그가 1483년 2월 18일에 세상을 떠나자, 성종이 곧바로 그의 문집을 편찬하라 고 명하였다. 『사숙재집(私淑齋集)』을 어명으로 편찬케 한 것만 보아도 조정에 서 그의 문장을 어떻게 평가했는지 짐작할 수 있다. 조선왕조는 사대교린(事大交隣)을 외교의 근간으로 하였으므로, 과거시험을 통해 사대교린에 필요한 문장가를 선발하였다. 강희맹의 활동과 문학의 특성 가운데 하나는 명나라에 사신으로 다녀오면서 많은 시를 지었고, 문화교류에 앞장섰다는 점이다. 중국 문인들이나 조선 문인들이 그의 조천시(朝天詩)에 많이 차운하여 문화교류의 전범을 보였다. 더군다나 대를 이어서 중국에 다녀오고 그 체험을 기록으로 많이 남긴 것은 다른 집안에서는 찾아보기 힘든 진주 강 씨 문중의 특징이기도 하다. 조선 초기의 문벌인 공목공파 문인들의 한시가 한 시의 고향인 중국에서 그 진가를 발휘했던 것이다. 진주강씨 문인들이 북경에 갈 때에는 선조의 조천록이나 연행록을 가지고 가서 참조했으며, 선조의 시에 차운하여 시를 지었다. 선조가 길을 안내하며 함께 시를 주고받는 동반자가 된 셈이다. 강희맹은 형 강희안 덕분에 시를 짓기 전부 터 명나라 문인들에게 인정받았으며, 사행에도 성공하여 상을 받아가지고 돌아왔다. 그는 농사와 원예에 관심이 깊었으므로, 중국에서 연꽃 씨와 버드나무 가지를 들여와 조선에 퍼뜨렸다. 오백년이 지난 지금도 그의 조천 활동의 자취가 남아 있는 것이다. 진주강씨 종친회에서 선조들의 조천록과 연행록 10여종을 모두 번역하여 진주강씨 연행록집성을 출판하면 학계의 연구에 도움이 될 뿐만 아 니라, 국제적으로 활동했던 진주강씨 선조들의 문장과 업적이 널리 선양될 것이다.

With the advent of Internet era, e-commerce has become the focus of human's life. It leads a new direction of social development . As the representative of traditional industry, shipping industry is confronted with a series of difficulties, which have to break through the traditional and existing model to make their business for survival. With the increasing pricking up of market competition, shipping industry is now facing development bottle neck, but e-commerce provides a new way to solve the problem. This paper firstly describes the existing forms of the e-commerce shipping platform. Secondly analyzes the data for the situation of shipping industry in China, the data for expected functions of an e-commerce shipping platform and the data for how to choose a specific e-commerce shipping platform. Thirdly analyzes the potential risks of establishing e-commerce shipping platform in China. Based on the above researched, the paper provides a suggested model of the shipping e-commerce shipping platform in China.

본 연구는 조선족 유치원 교사의 전문성 발달정도와 직무만족도는 어떠하며, 유아교사의 배경변인에 따라 전문성 발달정도와 직무만족도에 차이가 있는지 그리고 전문성 발달 정도와 직무만족도 간의 관계는 어떠 한지를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조선족 유아교사의 전문성 발 달 정도는 높으며 이는 근무기관, 연령, 학력, 경력과 자격증 유무에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나 타났다. 둘째, 조선족 유아교사의 직무만족도는 높으며 이는 근무기관, 학력, 자격증 유무에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조선족 유아교사의 전문성 발달 정도와 직무만족도는 높은 정적 상관 이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 조선족 유아교사의 전문성 발달을 위한 교사교육 프로그램 개발 혹은 유아교사들의 근무환경 개선에 도움이 되는 기초 자료를 제공하는데 의의가 있다.

Purpose – During the past twenty years, China has developed rapidly in economy. Meanwhile China's economic development has brought great many problems. Sustainable development is to achieve coordination in the ecological, economic and social aspects. Among them, the environment and resource issues are the most critical issues which affecting sustainable development in China. With China's rapid economic development, China's ecological environment is facing the most serious threat in water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution and the destruction of forests and biodiversity, resulting in a significant loss of the national economy. This research aims to examine whether the tragedy of the commons has hindered the sustainable development of China's economy or not. On the other hand, we try to analyze a solution to improve this situation. Research design, data, and methodology – Theoretical background study, finding optimization models, and data analysis. Results – In the case of a clear definition of property rights, the air will have a market price. The market price will coordinate pollutant emissions. Conclusions – The tragedy of commons has hindered the sustainable development. The model of China’s Economic development should be changed.

Lacquer art of Korea and China are from the same root. Lacquer art has been spread from Chinese inland to korean peninsula since Han dynasty, then it affected Japan and countries in southeast Asia. Korean lacquer art undertook Chinese type and then formed its own special style gradually. "Blue is extracted from theindigoplant,butis bluer thanit".The lacquer art from two countries are growing up and contradictory. Korean lacquer art undertakes civil thought and founds country with culture in modern times, which shows the special craft culture in Korea. On the contrary, Chinese lacquer art mostly continues tradition, and lots of traditional skills are almost lost. It is not good or fast in evolution of lacquer art.There is big difference between two countries. Analyzing the lacquer art difference between Korea and China can show the disadvantageof Chinese lacquer art. Under the background of raising rapid development of culture industry in China, how to promote modern lacquer art, incorporate everything, learn from each other, absorb excellent lacquer art tradition from two countries and speed up the evolution of modern lacquer art in two countries, whichis extremely an urgent theme.

Owing to the government’s positive policies and its own continuous development, China’s film industry has gained a significant progress and already occupied an important part of the domestic film market. However, under the new situation dominated by the Internet, the pace of reform of the film industry’s operation mode is comparatively so slow that the existing operating system cannot adapt to changes in the film market. By contrast, the film industry in South Korea has sprung up again in the entire Asian market after a deep recession. Thanks to the reconstruction of the South Korean film industry operating system as well as a series of supporting policies of Korean government, a new “South Korean Trend” is formed. This paper will analyze the demerits of the operation mode of the film industry in China and try to explore effective ways which is beneficial to the development of China’s film industry through comparing China’s and South Korea’s film industries’ current development and operation mode under the “New Media” environment driven by the Internet.

As the "Flying Geese Pattern"has collapsed in which Japan acted as the leader of East Asia, the "Headed Train Pattern" which has not only Japan’s pull in the front but also China’s push at the back also fails in the East Asian economic development. At present, China has the conditions to lead the economic development of East Asia and has an increasingly prominent pull effect on East Asian economy in many areas such as investment. The new role takes both opportunities and challenges for China.