In this study, the correlation between microstructure and Charpy impact properties of FCAW(Flux cored arc welding) HAZ(Heat affected zone) of thick steel plates for offshore platforms was investigated. The 1/4 thickness(1/4t) location HAZ specimen had a higher volume fraction of bainite and finer grain size of acicular ferrite than those of the 1/2 thickness (1/2t) location HAZ specimen because of the post heat effect during the continuous FCAW process. The Charpy impact energy at -20 oC of the 1/4t location HAZ specimen was lower than that of the 1/2t location HAZ specimen because of the high volume fraction of coarse bainite. The Charpy impact energy at -40 and -60 oC of the 1/2t location HAZ specimen were higher than those of the 1/2t location HAZ specimen because the ductile fracture occurred in the fine acicular ferrite and martensite regions. In the ductile fracture mode, the deformed regions were observed in fine acicular ferrite and martensite regions. In the brittle fracture mode, long crack propagation path was observed in bainite regions.

이 논문은 네팔의 Tanahun지구 Vyas지역에서의 노동이주가 왜 나타났고 어떻게 남겨진 가족들과 커뮤니티에 변화를 이끌어 냈는지 조사하였다. 본 논문에 필요한 정보를 취득하기 위하여 눈덩이 표집 방법을 이용하여 샘플링된 175개의 이주가정들을 대상으로 인터뷰를 시행했다. 송금에 관한 심층적 정보와 송금과 남겨진 구성원들의 사회적 변화 관계를 알아보기 위하여 관심 집단 토론과 주요 인터뷰를 시행했다. 송금의 영향력을 알아보기 위하여 기술 통계와 추론 통계를 시행하였다. 본 논문은 송금이 개인이주자들과 뒤쳐진 가계의 사회·경제적 조건에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 사실을 발견하였다. 이주 가정의 경제적 지위향상, 가계들의 커뮤니티 발전 활동 참여, 그리고 가계의 사회조직 참여는 이주 가정의 사회·경제적 지위에 일반적으로 긍정적인 변화를 이끌었다. 커뮤니티 단위에서의 삶의 조건, 사회변화 그리고 발전의 다른 부분에 영향을 미치는 이주 잠재력은 기존의 권력구조에 의해 만들어지고 제한된다. 송금이 표본의 사회·경제적 조건에 미치는 영향력은 상당한 것으로 나타났다. 가계의 지위는 이주 후가 이주 전보다 나은 것으로 인식되었다. 최종적으로 가계설문조사를 위해 이주 가족 구성원이 있는 175가구를 선정하였다.

With the development of public transportation, the use of subways as a means of transportation in the city center is increasing, so that vibrations and structural noises are emerging as a new environmental issues. This study can be used as a basis for research on subway safety and shock mitigation by applying vibration-proof mat.

This study examined how key factors of FFI (degree of explicitness, L1 similarity, proficiency level, and grammar type) influence the accuracy of production. A total of 22 experimental studies, all of which had Korean participants and productive assessments of speech or writing, were selected for analysis. Results revealed that explicit grammar emphasis was more effective for morphology that had a small, binary scope (present or absent). Results further revealed that explicit emphasis of grammatical features dissimilar from the L1 significantly increased accuracy of learner speech and writing. In contrast, implicit emphasis was effective with grammatical features that had a larger scope (e.g., many lexical forms or syntactic arrangements), as well as with grammatical features that were similar to the L1. Findings suggest that explicit emphasis of a smaller scope and implicit emphasis of a larger scope are both useful, since they do not cognitively overload the learner during communication.

The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the profound effects of Augmented Intelligence (AI) on Product, one of the “Four-Ps” of marketing: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Today’s customers are used to extreme convenience, beyond the brick-and-mortar shopping experience, and beyond online images. Customers increasingly demand more information, and more personalized information. This paper addresses how the presentation of products has changed. This paper is conceptual, based on a review of academic literature on marketing strategy, psychology, AI, and Machine Learning as chronicled in major marketing and business research journals.

When social media users post their opinion on social media, they might expect to receive a favorable evaluation from others (e.g., ‘like’ on Facebook and ‘heart’ on Instagram). On the contrary, when users read and evaluate other’s posts, they are less likely to care about others. What’s more, if users spend more time on social media, posting would make them more care about others. This research answers the question ‘Does social media interaction alter the way we perceive value and affect different choice? Three studies show 1) how social media interaction affects consumers’ luxury value perception and the mediating role of social media self-view (interdependent vs. independent self), 2) how main effect and mediated relationship are different between two groups divided by participants’ time spent on social media (high vs. low: ±1 SD) and 3) how the type of social media interaction (post vs. “like”) affects handbag choice between social and functional luxury-superior option.

The role of top managers in firm’s performance is central to strategic management. Trying to identify factors that influence company’s strategy and innovations this study adopts resource-based theory (RBT) and upper echelon theory (UET) and apply them to the Swiss luxury watchmaking companies. This paper presents results of qualitative and quantitative research based on interviews with CEO and Marketing managers among Swiss luxury watchmaking industry. We present a set of conclusions of the connection between top executive’s background and their strategic choices and innovation strategy in Swiss luxury watchmaking industry.

Advanced web technologies enable consumers can create and exchange the content in various social media platforms (SMPs). As an interactive communication channel, SMPs serve as a new and updated form of online community where consumers and companies benefit from each other. Due to its minimal threshold in cost and skills necessary for accessing these SMPs, consumers use SMPs to acquire information in addition to seeking for socialization, which affect a purchase decision making process (Wang, Yu, and Wei, 2012). With various benefits of using SMPs among consumers, product reviews and photos posted by the customers in SMPs perform as an emerging type of endorsement to other users of SMPs. Individuals who actively share and disseminate the such product/service related-contents often become micro-celebrities among SMPs users. According to DiSilvestro (2016), customers no longer trust advertising created by brands, but they prefer to reply on reviews via SMPs, and in fact, 67% of consumers visit SMPs to reviews generated by other customers. In this regard, increasing number of brands tries to find influential micro-celebrities to build positive brand image and provide meaningful customer engagement which potentially increase sales in the end (Khamis, Ang, and Welling, 2016). Despite the increasing popularity of SMPs and influencers to brands, marketers struggle to measure their returns on investment, such as customer retention and increased customer lifetime value (Hennig-Thurau et al., 2010). Thus, a focal interest of this study is the role of a sense of community in building participants’ positive relational outcomes for a given brand that implementing the promotional activities via SMPs (Hudson et al., 2016).

To prepare activated carbon with a high specific surface area, oxygen functional groups (OFGs) that can serve as useful electron donors during KOH activation were treated with nitric acid and incorporated into activated carbon. OFGs are incorporated differently according to the surface characteristics of starting materials. Up to 22.46% OFGs are incorporated into wood-based activated carbons (WACs), the C=O, COOH contents was 1.90, 17.05%, respectively. Whereas up to 12.82% OFGs are incorporated into coconut shell-based activated carbons, the C=O, COOH contents was 4.12, 6.15%, respectively. The OFGs used for increasing the specific surface area are the carbonyl group, and as the content of the functional group increases, the carbonyl group spreads to the carboxyl group. The specific surface area of activated carbons increased by 10–68% with an increase in the carbonyl group up to 6% (maximum point of carbonyl group). On the other hand, the specific surface area for WACs increased when the carboxyl group was 10% or below, but decreased by 6–15% when it increased to 10% or excess.

정당은 국가기관과 시민사회를 잇는 가교로서 의회정치의 가장 적극 적인 부분이기도 하다. 그들은 EU와 국내 정치의 연결고리가 되며, EU 정치와 세계 정치 모두에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 유럽의회 내 좌파 정당과 집단의 조직구조는 비슷하고, 정당 주일의 정치활동에 의존한다. 결속력과 경쟁력은 당 그룹의 운영 특성이다. 응집력과 경쟁력은 동일 하다. 의회 정당과 집단은 정책 결과에 영향을 미칠 목적으로 어떠한 입법 연합도 자유롭게 구성할 수 있다. 유럽 의회의 좌파 정당 집단의 운영 메커니즘 분석을 통해 우리는 유럽 의회의 성격, 운영 모드, 선거 기능을 더욱 이해할 수 있다. 이 논문은 또 국회 안팎에서 국회 당 그룹의 기능과 그 영향력을 상세히 기술하고 향후 좌파 정당의 발전 전 망을 전망하고 있다.