We investigate two abnormal CME-Storm pairs that occurred on 2014 September 10 - 12 and 2015 March 15 - 17, respectively. The first one was a moderate geomagnetic storm (Dstmin  -75 nT) driven by the X1.6 high speed flare-associated CME (1267 km s−1) in AR 12158 (N14E02) near solar disk center. The other was a very intense geomagnetic storm (Dstmin  -223 nT) caused by a CME with moderate speed (719 km s−1) and associated with a filament eruption accompanied by a weak flare (C9.1) in AR 12297 (S17W38). Both CMEs have large direction parameters facing the Earth and southward magnetic field orientation in their solar source region. In this study, we inspect the structure of Interplanetary Flux Ropes (IFRs) at the Earth estimated by using the torus fitting technique assuming self-similar expansion. As results, we find that the moderate storm on 2014 September 12 was caused by small-scale southward magnetic fields in the sheath region ahead of the IFR. The Earth traversed the portion of the IFR where only the northward fields are observed. Meanwhile, in case of the 2015 March 17 storm, our IFR analysis revealed that the Earth passed the very portion where only the southward magnetic fields are observed throughout the passage. The resultant southward magnetic field with long- duration is the main cause of the intense storm. We suggest that 3D magnetic field geometry of an IFR at the IFR-Earth encounter is important and the strength of a geomagnetic storm is strongly affected by the relative location of the Earth with respect to the IFR structure.

This paper investigated impact resistance capacity and failure mode of strengthened column with PROTECT (Poly-Resilience-Oriented hybrid TEChnology plaTe) panel by analytical study. PROTECT panel is the composite panel with two steel plates and nano-composite. In order to perform impact analysis, dynamic properties of concrete, steels and nano-composite were determined. Finite element analysis was performed with these properties under the drop-weight impact. From the FEA, different failure modes corresponding to different columns were derived.

Estimating compensation payment for environmental damages by chemical accidents has been controversial because accurate quantification of damages of chemical accident is so complicated and there is lack of scientific studies about impact of chemical accidents. In this study, for supporting chemical accidents compensation criteria, the 7 days acute and 28 days chronic toxicity test was conducted with 4 major chemical accident substances (Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Methanol and Methylethylketone) according to the OECD 232 guidelines. Methylethylketone was most toxic chemical followed by methanol, nitric acid and surfuric acid. Further study of comparison between pH and chemical effects was needed.

Due to dramatic changes in the trend of corporate management (economic, labor, government), companies are being asked to adapt creative and innovative organizational culture in order to keep sustainability. Under the circumstances, flexible working hour becomes one of very effective method for org culture improvement. Recently, M company has introduced the new policy of working hours that employees can choose a couple of different time options depending on their personal situations. And it turns out to be very effective(work & life balance, increasing organizational vitality, improving efficiency of business and productivity, Recruitment of core human resources, Prevention of deviation); both team and personal performance levels has significantly improved. Therefore, it is highly recommended to adapt flexible working policies for companies seeking for a long term, sustainable corporate vision.

본 연구는 LS-DYNA 971 을 이용하여 내빙 구조 선박과 빙산 모형 간의 충돌 시험을 수행 후 북극해 운항 선박의 내빙 능력을 분석하였다. 국제선급연합회(IACS)의 Unified Requirements for Polar ship(URI) 규정을 바탕으로 FEM 선박 모형에 내빙 구조를 적용하였으며, 빙산 모형에는 Elastic-perfect plastic 물성과 Tsai-Wu 항복 곡면을 적용하였다. 또한 실험 결과 비교를 위하여 내빙 구조를 갖추지 않은 일반 선박 모형과의 충돌 시험도 수행하였다. 실험 결과 일반 구조 선박의 구형 선수에 빙산 모형에 의해 움푹 들어간 약 1.8 미터 깊이의 선체 손상이 발생하였으나, 내빙 구조 선박의 충돌에서는 약 1.0 미터 깊이의 선체 손상만이 발생하였다. 또한 일반 구조 선박과 충돌한 빙산모형은 원형의 상태를 거의 유지한 반면, 내빙 구조 선박과 충돌한 빙산 모형은 내빙 구조의 구형 선수에 의해 빙산이 일부 파괴되는 현상이 발견되었다.

A drop weight impact test was conducted in this study to analyze the mechanical and thermal properties caused by the changes in the ratio of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) to ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) laminations. The ratios of CFRP to EVA were changed from 10:0 (pure CFRP) to 9:1, 8:2, 6:4, and 5:5 by manufacturing five different types of samples, and at the same time, the mechanical/thermal properties were analyzed with thermo-graphic images. As the ratio of the CFRP lamination was increased, in which the energy absorbance is dispersed by the fibers, it was more likely for the brittle failure mode to occur. In the cases of Type 3 through Type 5, in which the role of the EVA sheet is more prominent because it absorbs the impact energy rather than dispersing it, a clear form of puncture failure mode was observed. Based on the above results, it was found that all the observation values decreased as the EVA lamination increased compared with the CFRP lamination. The EVA lamination was thus found to have a very important role in reducing the impact. However, the strain and temperature were inversely propositional.

This paper aims to identify the impact on self-satisfaction of shopping tendencies and purchase behaviors for luxury goods. The research was conducted by survey method using questionnaires. The subjects of this study were female consumers from 20 to years old with a high pusrchasing capability for luxury goods. Using the statistics program SPSS 21.0, factor analysis, reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple-regression analysis were executed. The analysis results are summarized below. For shopping tendency depending on ages, pleasure pursuit tendency showed insignificant difference in 40~50s, but significant difference in 20~30s. For the self-satisfaction, the interpersonal satisfaction showed the difference by age group, which was much higher in the respondents in 30~50s than those in 20s. Individuality pursuit tendency and rational shopping tendency had impact on self-satisfaction and rational shopping tendency on interpersonal satisfaction in 20s. Pleasure pursuit tendency and rational shopping tendency had impact on self-satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction and pleasure pursuit tendency on the economic satisfaction in 30s. Pleasure pursuit tendency had impact on self-satisfaction and economic satisfaction and rational satisfaction on interpersonal satisfaction in 40s. Pleasure pursuit tendency and rational shopping tendency had impact on self-satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction in 50s. High quality had impact on self-satisfaction and economic satisfaction and practicality on interpersonal satisfaction in 20s. High quality had impact on self-satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction in 30s. High quality had impact on interpersonal satisfaction in 40s. High quality had impact on all elements of self-satisfaction for the respondents in 50s, practicality had negative impact on interpersonal satisfaction.

This study analyzed the correlation between Chl-a and water quality factors using characteristics of climate data, water quality factors, and various statistical analysis techniques during the summer season in the Nakdong River during the 2-year period. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for establishing water quality management policy in the Changnyeong-Haman weir section. From the end of July to the middle of August when algae mainly occur, both the years 2015 and 2016 are in the temperature range of 25 ~ 30 °C, and the total precipitation of 2015 is less than that of 2016 in this period. As a result of comparing the concentration of Chl-a, the average Chl-a concentration of 2015 was higher than that of 2016, which seems to be related to the total precipitation in the occurrence of algae. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the correlation with PO4-P was significant at most points. As a result of the factor analysis, the first principal factor group classified PO4-P, NH3-N, TP, pH, flow rate, TN and this section seems to be influenced by phosphorus and nitrogen and flow rate.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of combinations of tofu paste and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) on the oil uptake reduction (OTR) of deep-fat fried cake doughnuts. OTR agents were tofu paste (from grinding tofu with deionized water, followed by passage through a 60 mesh sieve), and five neutral and nine anionic NSPs. A control doughnut (without tofu paste or NSP), tofu doughnut (with tofu paste) and NSP-tofu doughnut (with tofu paste and NSP) were prepared. The moisture and total lipid (TL) content, cross-section image, color characteristic, and specific volume were measured. The tofu and NSP-tofu doughnuts exhibited higher moisture and lower TL content than the control. OTR was 10.8% for the tofu doughnut, and between 13.2% and 41.2% for the NSP-tofu doughnut. The highest OTR (41.2%) was found in the NSP-tofu doughnut with a combination of tofu paste and sodium alginate (NaA). The specific volume of the NSP-tofu doughnuts with combinations of tofu paste with NaA (2.5 mL/g), locust bean gum (2.5 mL/g), and κ-carrageenan (2.4 mL/g) was very close to that of the control (2.6 mL/g). Considering the OTR and specific volume of doughnuts, the combination of tofu paste and NaA would be most effective in reducing the oil uptake of doughnuts during deep-fat frying.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of two different feeding systems on blood metabolites in Holstein heifers and analyze the economic impacts of the feeding systems. The following two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feeding system on blood metabolite changes in Holstein heifers and analyze the economic impacts of the two systems. In experiment 1, the effects of two different feeding systems on cortisol, progesterone, and estradiol in Holstein heifers were examined. In experiment 2, the effects of two different feeding systems on the body weights of Holstein heifers and profitability of the two feeding systems were studied. Results showed that the pasture-raised heifers showed significantly decrease in the levels of blood cortisol (p<0.05) and increases in the levels of progesterone and estradiol (p>0.05) when compared with heifers raised in indoor feeding system. The average daily gain was significantly higher (p<0.05) in indoor-raised heifers (0.73 kg/day) as compared to pasture-raised heifers (0.58 kg/day). Also, 25.2% more profits were obtained from the pasture feeding system as compared to the indoor feeding system. These results together would be useful in the investigation of feeding system and growth performance in dairy cattle.

Korea’s main manufacturing industries, which have led its economy for the past three decades, are faced with a serious downturn and loss of competitive advantages due to the current economic depression, China’s rise, and the drop of oil prices. Korean business firms must adopt the paradigm shift in their value strategies, along with a government-led industrial restructuring in order to gain sustainable competitive advantages. Business firms allocate their limited resources between value creation and value appropriation, however, what effect does strategic emphasis on value creation versus value appropriation have on a business firm's financial performance? This paper empirically addresses this issue by examining the effect of shifts in strategic emphasis on stock return. Furthermore, this study examines appropriate choices of strategic emphasis to gain differential financial performance. The data set used in this regression analysis comes from the KISLINE database of NICE Information Service. The variables that form the basis of this analysis are stock return, ROA, and Strategic Emphasis [(advertising expenditures-R&D expenditures)/assets]. The interactive effect with situational factors regarding the firm and the type of technological environment in which the firm is operating was also analyzed. Our results show that investors acknowledge a shift of strategic emphasis as a sign of stock valuation. In comparison to US, Korean business firms have weak value creation capabilities in high-technology industries, and weak value appropriation capabilities in low-technology industries. This proves Korean firms are fast followers in the global market. Our findings suggest that Korean firms have to adopt a balanced value strategy, nurturing value creation and developing value appropriation for overcoming the current economic downturn and becoming a first mover in the dawn of “Industry 4.0.”

OBJECTIVES : Fixed roadside objects are a threat to drivers when their vehicles deviate from the road. Therefore, such roadside objects need to be suitably dealt with to decrease accidents. This study determines the factors affecting the severity of accidents because of fixed roadside objects. METHODS : This study analyzed the crash severity impact of fixed roadside objects by using ordered probit regression as the analysis methodology. In this research, data from 896 traffic accidents reported in the last three years were used. These accidents consisted of sole-car accidents, fixed roadside object accidents, and lane-departure accidents on the national highway of Korea. The accident severity was classified as light injury, severe injury, and death. The factors relating to the road and the driver were collected as independent variables. RESULTS: The result of the analysis showed that the variables of the crash severity impact are the collision location (left side), gender of the driver (female), alcohol use, collision facility (roadside trees, traffic signals, telephone poles), and type of road (rural segments). Additionally, the collision location (left side), gender of the driver (female), alcohol use, collision facility (street trees, traffic signals, telephone poles), and type of road (rural segments), in order of influence, were found to be the factors affecting the crash severity in accidents due to fixed roadside objects. CONCLUSIONS: An alternative solution is urgently required to reduce the crash severity in accidents due to fixed roadside objects. Such a solution can consider the appropriate places to install breakaway devices and energy-absorbing systems.

현 정부의 중요한 정책 중 하나인 4대악 척결은 우리 사회의 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 4대악 중 하나인 학교폭력은 청소 년들을 자살로 이끌 만큼 매우 심각한 문제로 인식된다. 신체적· 정신적으로 미성숙한 청소년기의 경우, 이러한 폭력피해는 성인 에게보다 정신적·사회적 측면에서 더 큰 문제로 이어질 가능성이 높다. 그러나 모든 청소년이 범죄와 비행의 피해자가 되는 것은 아니다. 본 연구는 청소년의 비행피해의 원인을 신체적 취약성으로 보았으며, 이러한 취약요인 중 청소년의 신체적 성장이 비행피해에 미치는 영향을 예상하였다. 또한 성별에 따른 신체적 성장 및 취 약성의 차이도 있을 것으로 예상하여 남학생과 여학생의 성장에 따른 비행피해를 비교하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 청소년의 신 체적 성장을 효과적으로 살펴보기 위하여 신장과 체중을 이용한 BMI값을 도출하였으며, 이를 독립변수로 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 데이터는 한국아동·청소년 패널조사 (KCYPS) 자료 중 중학교 1학년 자료를 사용하였다. 청소년의 성 장에 따른 비행피해의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 비행피해 항목을 포함하고 있는 2차년도부터 5차년도까지의 자료를 사용하였다. 연구방법으로는 비행피해 변화량을 알아보기 위하여 AMOS 18.01을 이용한 잠재성장모형을 사용하였으며, 남성과 여성 그룹 으로 나누어 비교분석하였다. 분석결과, 모델적합도를 가리키는 RMSEA값의 경우 .053, CFI, NFI, IFI의 값은 각각 .970, .965, .970으로 본 연구에 적합 한 모델임을 알아냈다. 남학생과 여학생의 신체적 성장과 비행피 해와의 경로계수를 보았을 때 여학생의 경우 BMI 초기값은 비행 피해와는 통계적으로 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났지만, BMI 변화 율은 비행피해 초기값 및 변화율에 유의미한 관계를 보였다. 여 학생과는 반대로 남학생은 BMI 초기값이 비행피해 초기값과 변 화율에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 즉, 여학생의 비행피해경험은 성장하면서 변화하는 신체적 외형이 영향을 주 고, 남학생은 성장하며 변화하는 외형보다는 비행피해 측정 시점 의 신체적 특징이 이후의 비행피해에까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 결론지을 수 있다. 본 연구에서 분석한 결과를 토대로 후속 연구 에서는 비만도 뿐만 아니라 다른 신체적 취약성 요인과 정신적· 사회적 취약성 요인을 고려하여 연구를 진행할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 여학생과 남학생의 분석결과가 전혀 다르게 나타난 바, 후 속 연구에서는 성별에 따라 취약성 요인들을 다르게 적용하여 해 석이 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

OBJECTIVES : This is a basic research for the domestic production of airport-airside deicers. This research selected basic materials for deicers appropriate for the pavement of domestic airports by evaluating the deicing performances of basic materials used in internationalstandard airport deicers and their impacts on pavements. METHODS: Laboratory investigation was conducted to evaluate the asphalt surface tensile strength, concrete scaling impact, ASR impact, and deicing performances of sodium formate (NaFm), potassium formate (KFm), sodium acetate (NaAc), and potassium acetate (KAc), which are the basic de-icing materials commonly used at international airports, approved by the FAA. In addition, the analyses were also performed on the airside deicer urea, which is currently used in domestic airports. RESULTS : Laboratory investigation confirmed that sodium formate, potassium formate, sodium acetate, and potassium acetate had superior surface tensile strength, concrete scaling impact, and deicing performance compared to airside urea, but they also had greater impacts on concrete ASR. Among these materials, sodium formate had the best asphalt surface tensile strength, concrete scaling impact, and deicing performance, while also having the greatest impact on ASR; hence, mitigation plans for ASR were needed, if it were to be used as airport-airside deicer. CONCLUSIONS : It is necessary to consider additional additives to prevent ASR of concrete pavements when developing airport-airside deicers using sodium formate, potassium formate, sodium acetate, and potassium acetate.

본 연구는 대학입학전형 사교육 영향을 평가함으로써 공교육을 촉진 또는 저해하는 요인이 무엇인지 실증적으로 분석하고 공교육 정상화를 도모하는 전형방법을 탐구하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 K대학교 재학생 348명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생 응답자의 72.3%는 사교육 경험이 있으며 지역별로는 서울시에서 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 정시전형이나 논술우수자전형으로 입학한 학생들은 사교육 의존도가 타 전형으로 입학한 학생들보다 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 수학 과목은 타 과목보다 사교육 유발요 인이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 사교육에 많이 노출되어 있는 수능과 논술에 대한 대학입 학 전형방법의 개선과 함께, 고교생활 가운데 학습의 결손을 막을 수 있는 적극적인 대책이 요구되어진다.