본 연구는 안성천의 평택수위관측소 상류유역을 대상으로 점진적인 도시화로 인한 토지피복변화가 수문변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1986년과 1999년 Landsat TM 영상을 사용하여 최우도법에 의해 토지피복도를 작성하였으며, 토지이용의 변화에 따른 하천유출량의 정량적 변화를 모의하기 위해서는 격자기반의 분포형 강우유출모형인 KIMSTORM모형(김성준 등, 1998)을 사용하였다. 1998년에서 2003년까지 총 7개의 강우사상을

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hydrological impact due to temporal land cover change by gradual urbanization of Anseong-cheon Gongdo watershed (371.8km2). Land covers of 1981, 1990, 2000 Landsat TM images were classified by maximum likelihood method. The watershed showed a trend that forest & paddy areas decreased about 33km2 and 27km2, respectively and urban area increased about 11km2 during the periods. To identify the impact of streamflow due to urbanization, WMS HEC-1 was used. According to apply Huffs quartile storm events by changing land cover data, peak runoff discharge of each frequency rainfall (50, 100, 500 years) increased about 56, 36, 192m3/sec, respectively.

This paper argues that The Waste land can be understood in terms of abundance and fertility, or life just as well as it can be in terms of ruin and desolation, or death. It captures the state of ruin or desolation or death in environmental metaphors such as the air-polluted London, the wastes-littered bank of the River Thames, and above all, the all-pervading super-dry environment it superbly presents. The barren sexual relationships between various couples are also used to present the female body on the same ontological status as the natural environment, both of them used as the dumping ground for human avarice or desire one example of which can be the commercial spirit represented by such figures as Mr. Eugenides. Against such destructive force as the avaricious commercial spirit that inevitably leads to the state of death, Eliot presents an ecological vision in which all creatures, whether animals, plants or mineral, are positioned on the same ontological level as humans. Eliot's readings, during his Harvard days, of biology, especially of heredity and eugenics as well as plant hybridization, and of eastern religions such as Buddhism, are adduced as the ultimate source of influence for such radical ecological vision as presented in The Waste Land. Eliot himself is thus argued to be a poet who attained the today's state-of-the-art ecological vision almost 50 years before any other ecological poets did.

This study was conducted to investigate the transplant possibility of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea) into new reclaimed land. The glassworts were transplanted into new reclaimed land at May 2000, and at next year we investigated the plant growth, yields, and the amounts of mineral elements of newly grown plants at new reclaimed land. The plant height of April was 8.5 cm, but at June that increased as 35.9 cm and the lateral shoots number were also increased. The total yields was 976.4g/m2 in fresh weight, and dry weight was 207.5g/m2. We measured the mineral element contents at April, May, and June, respectively. Na, Mg, and Ca of shoots were always more accumulated than that of root, and the amount of mineral contents trends was not affected by season. While P and Zn was reverse.

Eliot's quoting of the teaching of Hinduism in The Waste Land could be interpreted as a case of "romantic orientalism" leading to a sort of colonial exploitation or vampirism taking life force from the non-Western. Aware of the easy pitfalls of post-colonialism as a "prejudice" against a prejudice of the West or "resentment" at and vengeance on the West, a post-colonial reading of the Western cannons dealing with non-Western sources should be done not in a tribunal of the non-Western accusers but in a fair and third tribunal. In Eliot's case, a thorough reading of the commands from Hinduism (give, be compassionate and control) in 'What the Thunder Said' will reveal that he is free from any charges of orientalism. "Shantih"(peace) coming at the end of 'What the Thunder Said' will determine the character of the commands from Hinduism. If it is interpreted as a reward, the commands are hypothetical ones―'if you do these, 'peace' will be given as a reward for your act'. But if it is interpreted as a gift, the commands are absolute and categorical ones in the Kantian sense―'just act, 'peace' may come as a gift, but not necessarily.' As ethical commands, they are absolute and categorical ones. And different interpretations of 'the Thunder' by its addressees demonstrate that the ethical command addresses each individual singularly. Absoluteness and singularity characterize the the ethical commands of 'the Thunder.' The ethical commands of Hinduism are applied to everybody in contrast to the command of the vegetation ceremonies applying to kings alone. In a time of vegetation ceremonies and the Grail quest, kings and knights are supposed to take all the responsibility on situations on behalf of people, who can sit back to watch the development and demand the sacrifice of kings if things go wrong. It is a time of heroes. But in the present when all heroes disappear, everybody can be a hero taking in charge of whatever happens. Nobody is exempted from the ethical command addressing not only inert and inactive people in 'the Waste Land' but Eliot and Tiresias, the seer of 'the Waste Land' and the readers. Whatever rebirth in the West or elsewhere will depend on faithful embodiments of the ethical command.

Through the fast economic growth since the 1960s, Korea has experienced various problems on land such as urban sprawl, the rapid increase in land prices, land speculation, privatization of the betterment, and so on. To prevent such problems and to enhance harmonious development and conservation, the National Land Planning and Use Act(NLPUA) was established in 2003. The NLPUA which was revised and combined two existing planning laws i.e. the National Land Use Management Act and Urban Planning Act, has an eye to preventing disorderly spatial development, to pursuing environmentally friendly spatial planning, and to following up planned development in non-urbanized area like rural area. This study aims to discuss what should be considered the pending issues after the application of the NLPUA in rural area. On the basis of reviewing the NLPUA in a viewpoint of the rural planning, this study suggests some improvement policy such as considering various rural conditions, securing excellent agricultural land, applying the District Plan II system effectively, reorganizing the planning administrative, and so on.

To identify the characteristics of wastewater flow generated in treatment basins of Seogwipo-city, we selected 3 stations representing the basin and performed 7 times of field survey including 5 times in dry periods and 2 times in wet periods from Feb. 25 to May 27, 2002 for the selected stations. From the analysis of flow data measured for more than 60 days in the interval of 5 minutes and concentration data obtained from laboratory analysis, we can draw several conclusions. First, in the analysis of diumal variation of wastewater flow for land-use types, we could find the following results: in the residential area, it is observed that wastewater flow rates rise early in the morning for the office-going hour and fall gradually and rise again after the office-leaving hour, showing typical residential wastewater flow pattern, while for the residential and commercial area flow rates rise early in the morning at the office-going hour and move up and down repeatedly within wide range and last till the office-leaving hour, which can be resulted from wastewater that is generated by tourists activated after early in the afternoon, while for the touristy area flow rates rise early in the morning and fall gradually and rise again within wide range. Second, in the analysis of temporal variation of wastewater flow for monthly, it can be observed that in the residential area, in the residential and commercial areas the flow rate of May is higher than that of Feb., March, while for the touristy area flow rate is without monthly because it reflects the movement of population, Third, in wet periods concentration of water-quality item such as SS, BOD, and CODCr is high in the beginning of rainfall by first flush, and falls down gradually to reach the steady state, which is the level of wastewater in dry periods after the cease of storm water due to diluting effect resulting from additional runoff water through storm sewers.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the urban landscape by CG(Computer Graphic) pictures and visibility analysis. In this study, the CG picture was created by using zoning data and DEM(Digital Elevation Model) on Chunchon city. The landscape type was classified into three by cluster analysis using the area rate of the element which constitutes CG picture. Visible analysis used DEM as fundamental data, and was performed by using GIS(Geographic Information System). And the frequency seen on viewshed was classified into five grades. The result of this study are as follows: 1. The area rate of the element which constitutes CG picture was high development restriction zone(43%) in type 1, green land area(39%) in type 2, and city area(24%) in type 3. 2. In the analysis results of GIS visibility analysis, it turns out that Euiam lake is important area on the landscape in all types. 3. The land use of high frequency seen on viewshed was water area, residential area in type 1, development restriction area, park area in type 2, and development restriction zone, water area in type 3.

GIS기법과 원격탐사 기법은 수문학의 지형자료 구축과 응용 분야에 활발하게 이용되고 있으며 다방면에서 많은 연구가 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 산악지역에서 토양 특성과 토지 피복 상태에 따라 유출 특성이 어떻게 나타나는지를 CN값을 산정하여 평가 하였다. 토지 피복 분류에 신경망 기법을 사용하여 보다 적합한 분류 방법을 모색하고자 했고, CN값 산정을 위한 연산에 GIS기법출 사용하였다. 우선 샘플지역을 선정하여 토지 피복의 정확도를 평가하면, 기존의

본 연구는 안성천의 평택수위관측소 상류유역을 대상으로 점진적인 도시화로 인한 토지피복변화가 수문변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 WMS HEC-1모형을 사용하였고, 격자크기 200200m DEM과 1:50,000토양도로부터의 수문학적 토양군을 이용하였다. 1986, 1990, 1994, 1999년 Landsat TM 영상을 최우도법에 의해 피복분류를 실시한 결과, 이 기간동안 유역내에 산림과 논은 지속적으로 감소하여 왔고, 도시/주거지

It is difficult to define the urban fringe using a specific geographical designation in the physical planning system because the existence of the urban fringe is certainly not equal in all directions from the inner urban area to the rural area, and is often a discontinuous spatial phenomenon from the inner fringe to the urban shadow. Nevertheless, the urban fringe raises land use management issues which stem from its own peculiar set of land use characteristics. For example, in the UK, how the public can enjoy access to the countryside in the urban fringe while at the same time recognising and acknowledging the importance of landowners and farmers property rights? how can a poor quality environment and degraded landscape be improved aesthetically and physically to meet the multiple recreational needs of a diverse population when local authorities are confronted with limited ability to fund and acquire land for these purposes? The challenge of addressing these land use management issues necessitates approaches which build a coalition of interest groups and public and non-government organizations in the management processes in order to improve the physical, economic and social environments and facilitate the management mechanism.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of land-use and population change in rural area by new expressway. Chungbu expressway constructed in 1987, going through the south area of Kyunggi province from Seoul, was selected as a case expressway, and also 2 cities and 18 subdivisions of county in its surrounding area, as a case study area. To analyze the change characteristics before and after the construction, land-use maps of 1986 and 1996 were collected, including the census data for the years in cities and counties yearbooks. Remote sensing technology was applied to classify the land-use maps with six types of land use. Geographic information system was also used for spatial analysis, such as the land-use and accessibility changes. A 5 km buffer zone from interchange of the expressway showed about two times increase of urbanized built-up area than a 5 km buffer zone from the expressway. Accessibility from Seoul and cities was improved in most areas, which is accessing to Seoul through existing Youngdong expressway. Ten rural areas showed increased population with accessibility of average 52 minutes to Seoul and 19 minutes to cities, while eight areas showed decreased population with average 73 minutes to Seoul and 35 minutes to cities. This shows that the threshold value, which is time distance to Seoul and cities for population increase or decrease, one and half hours, respectively. Urbanized area was increased in most areas, even in population decrease areas, so this indicates that there are thinning rural areas, increasing urbanized area while decreasing population.

As a pre-step research to make land-use planning in the region level, this study aims to analyze some probability pattern representing transition probabilities from farmland to others using the sequential detailed digital land-use maps. Kinki and Chubu regions of Japan, which have Osaka and Nagoya cities as their center places respectively, were selected as test regions in this study. The 10m grid land-use maps for four time series at every 5 year from 1977 to 1992 were used. In this study, the regions were divided into three sub-areas 10km, 20km, and 30km according to distance from center cities, respectively. The correlation coefficient (CC) between sub-areas with same distance in the two regions was calculated to analyze whether or not the two regions have common points in the pattern of land-use conversion probability from farmland to other types. The probability distribution of the converted areas which were moved to the urbanized area (residential, commercial, industrial, road, park and public facility areas) was about 40~70% for both all periods and sub-areas. According to distance from city centers, the probability moved to the urbanized area was about 60% at 10km area, and 40% at the 30km area, which means that the values we decreased gradually, while in the case moved to the forest and the etc areas, the values were increased slightly. The CC analysis from the paddy field and the dry field to the others separately showed that there is high correlation in the probability pattern between the two regions.

Many times our reading of a particular poem by T. S. Eliot may be deepened by understanding the metaphoric images of cited mythological or literary works, by exploring its relation to the poem we are ready to read. Usually the meaning of mythological or literary works quoted in his poem is invaluable or crucial to understand the whole image of the poem, because it suggests the key to comprehend the particular poem as a whole. T. S. Eliot stated in his essay “Tradition and the Individual Talent” that no poet, or no artist of any art has his complete meaning alone. His significance is the appreciation of his relation to the dead poets and artists. In the structure of Eliot's poems we should be aware of the combination of the heterogeneous elements; the past and present, which makes sometimes readers puzzed at first sight but soon wide awaked. It is required that when poetry calls for knowledge, even a common reader must be prepared to answer the demand which Eliot has made use of combining techniques mixing radical elements of the past and present in his poetry. Such a combinative manner has been long acclaimed for a new and startling technique since his poem “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” was published. This paper is designed to explain some of his poetical techniques, particularly showing some examples of complicated, ambiguous, contradictory expressions and making frequent use of ancient myths, classic literature and folklores. The difficulty which faces the reader immediately lies in his frequent use of distorted quotations and allusions, his reference to many languages and literatures. It is partly due to his careful investigation on mysticism such as Christian Mysticism(1899), The Varieties of Religious Experience(1902) and Mysticism (1911). It is not surprising that Eliot has been blamed for obscurity and pretentiousness. This is the result of being judged by readers who have not attempted to analyse his technique to unite the elements of past and present. Eliot said that difficulty reading modern poems would not be something peculiar to certain writers, but a condition of writing with deeper insights into classical literature.

The urban pollution if affected by local environmental, so it is necessary to consider area characteristics such as emission source and meteorological phenomena, in studying urban air pollution. Ulsan is laocated on south-east coast and has many industrial facilities, so many people have concerned about air pollution. This study contain conducting numerical simulation of air pollutant concentration considered land and sea breeze in Ulsan area with the numerical model.

Land-use types should be included in air pollutant diffusion model because a complex mixture of various land-use patterns with computational grid can make errors in calculation of several parameters. However, the air pollutant diffusion model has generally been treated with a uniform component with land-use type in each mesh because of the complexity of the simulation. This study presents a numerical simulation of the horizontal distribution of O3 dry deposition velocity during summertime in Busan metropolitan city. The calculation of the meteorological field was conducted using the land cover data. Simulation has been performed by the following two scenarios : (1) one with current land cover data, and (2) the other with only land and sea for the surface characteristics. The results from each scenario reveals considerable differences on the meteorological fields and these differences can cause changes in the calculation values of O3 deposition velocity.

유출에 대한 신속하고 정확한 예측은 수문 및 수자원 분야에 있어서 궁극적인 목표 중의 하나이며, 우리나라와 같이 강우에 대한 유출의 응답이 짧은 시간에 발생하는 경우에 무엇보다도 중요하다. 따라서, 토지이용변화 등에 의한 유출의 변화 및 감시를 포함하는 유역내의 수문 변수의 변화를 적절하게 고려할 수 있는 분포형 자료를 선호하게 된다. 이때 분포형 모형을 적용시키기 위해서는 강우의 공간특성을 알아야 하며, 각 격자별 강우량이 입력자료로 활용되어 각 격자

This study presents an investigation of the changes of the currents in Kwangyang Bay due to the construction of harbor, reclamation and coastal developments. Currents were simulated by the numerical experiments with a diagnostic multi-level model and using the seasonal oceanographic data of temperature, salinity and ocean current. The values of kinetic and potential energies for the currents were calculated in cases of three topographical changes; before coastal developments, the existing state and after completion of the development project in Kwangyang Bay. The changes of currents due to the coastal developments are as follow; Kinetic energies of tide induced residual currents and wind driven currents decreased by 35～40 percent and 5 percent respectively, however those of density currents increased by 10 percent since the decrease of the coastal areas. Kinetic energy of residual currents including tide induced residual currents, density currents and wind driven currents reduced by 10 percent compared with before the coastal developments. Decrease of current velocity was greatest in summer. Therefore, in summer it was assumed that the Kwangyang Bay is more easily polluted by stratification and decrease of residual current than before the coastal developments carried out.