Sacbrood virus(SBV) causes a fatal disease(sacbrood) of honeybee larvae, which fail to pupate, change color and shape, and finally die. The complete nucleotide sequence of SBV has recently been determined, and with these data, we now report a Reverse Transcription-PCR(RT-PCR) test for the direct, rapid, and sensitive detection of these viruses. To detect the SBV infection in Korea, we collect beekeepers from various apiaries, which the RT-PCR technique was used. And we designed SBV specific primers in conserved region of the viral genome in the GenBank database. We confirmed the SBV amplicon using cloning and sequence. Homology between determined sequences of SBV korean strain and published virus sequences were 97% in DNA sequence, and 100% in amino acid sequence. We describe the first time that presence of sacbrood virus(SBV) in Korea honey bee colonies using RT-PCR. We also developed and validated a RT-PCR assay for the detection of SBV in Korea.

Viruses of the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. are known to reside at low levels in colonies, typically showing no apparent signs of infection. Chronic paralysis virus(CBPV) is known to induce significant losses in honey bee colonies. The pathology is characterized by clusters of trembling, flightless, crawling bees and by individual bees, sometimes hairless, standing at the hive entrance. A minusstrand-specific RT-PCR was used to assess viral replication. This is the first report on the infection of CBPV in Korea. Using (-)RT-PCR, 27 apiaries in korea were screened for the honeybee viruses, with positive colonies being analysed for viral genetic diversity. We got 550-nt PCR product from CBPV genomic RNA. Nucleotide sequences were aligned to the complete CBPV genomic RNA sequence deposited in the GenBank database and was revealed 96%(AM-CBPV) identity, respectively. Sequence comparison with other CBPV and honeybee virus.

Mortality of honeybees is a serious problem that beekeepers have to face periodically in Korea and worldwide. The presence of RNA viruses, in addition to other pathogens may be one of its possible causes. In this work, we detected Deformed wing virus(DWV), Israle Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), Cloudy wing virus(CWV), Kashmir bee virus(KBV), Sacbrood virus(SBV), Chronic bee paralysis virus(CBPV) in samples of korea honeybees with or without Varroa destructor and Nosema apis. The detection of viruses in all provinces, simultaneous co-infection of colonies by several viruses and the fact that 96.3% of the samples were infected with one or more virus, indicates they are widely spread in the region. Using uniplex and multiplex RT-PCR we screened honey bee colonies for the presence of several bee viruses, including DWV, IAPV, BQCV, KBV, CWV, and described the detection of mixed virus infections in bees from these colonies. Conclusively, investigated disease of the bee, and confirmed new virus that lead to bee disease, this is thought by valuable thing as data for development of beekeeping industry such as CCD(Colony Collapse Disorder)'s cause searching examination.

고무화합물 형태로 구성된 조영제의 병에 Syringe Connector의 Spike를 연결 시 고무의 찢김 정도를 알아보고 찢김 및 분쇄로 인한 합성고무의 혼입 유무와 분쇄된 합성고무가 검출 시 분쇄물의 크기를 실험을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과 찢김 정도의 경우 Syringe Connector의 끝과 최초 접촉하는 앞면이 약 3.14±0.04 ㎜로 뒷면 보다 많이 찢겼으며, 실험 대상인 10 병의 조영제에서 평균 7 개에서 15 개로 모두 분쇄물이 검출되었다. 검출된 분쇄물을 이용하여 크기를 측정한 결과 평균크기는 약 7.89±0.31 ㎛이었다. 향 후 다양한 실험 및 분석방법을 통한 추가실험과 더불어 흡인된 분쇄물 차단을 위한 미세 필터타입 자동주입장치의 개발이 필요하며, 분쇄물 유입 시 치명적 사고를 대비하여 관련기관의 관심 또한 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The potato tuber is known as a rich source of essential nutrients, used throughout the world. Although potatobreeding programs share some priorities, the major objective is to increase the genetic potential for yield through breeding or to eliminate hazards that reduce yield. Glycoalkaloids, which are considered a serious hazard to human health, accumulate naturally in potatoes during growth, harvesting, transportation, and storage. Here, we used the AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and GGE (Genotype main effect and genotype by environment interaction) biplot model, to evaluate tuber yield stability and glycoalkaloid content in six potato cultivars across three locations during 2012/2013. The environment on tuber yield had the greatest effect and accounted for 33.0% of the total sum squares; genotypes accounted for 3.8% and G×E interaction accounted for 11.1% which is the nest highest contribution. Conversely, the genotype on glycoalkaloid had the greatest effect and accounted for 82.4% of the total sum squares), whereas environment and G×E effects on this trait accounted for only 0.4% and 3.7%, respectively. Furthermore, potato genotype ‘Superior’, which covers most of the cultivated area, exhibited high yield performance with stability. ‘Goun’, which showed lower glycoalkaloid content, was the most suitable and desirable genotype. Results showed that, while tuber yield was more affected by the environment, glycoalkaloid content was more dependent on genotype. Further, the use of the AMMI and GGE biplot model generated more interactive visuals, facilitated the identification of superior genotypes, and suggested decisions on a variety of recommendations for specific environments.

As a result of inquiring into the analysis consequent on a symptom by research subject, it was found that there were 1 paper (1.5%) which did research for the purpose of rehabilitation of the general public, 26 papers (38.8%) targeting diagnosis-related groups (DRG), and 40 papers (59.7%) targeting social consideration subject. Also, as a result of the inquiry about the frequency & number of times of horticultural therapy program implementation, it was found that 49 papers (73.1%) implemented one time a week, and 45 papers (67.2%) were surveyed as the highest by conducting a total of 11~20 sessions of horticultural therapy programs, In the analysis of horticultural therapy activities by type, plant cultivation activity was found to be the most 506 times, accounting for 41.5%, followed by 297 time crafts activity (24.4%), 213 time floral decoration activity (17.5%), and 203time others activities (16.7%). In cultivation activity, soil-using cultivation activity (25.1%) was found to be lower than the proportion (74.9%) of soiless cultivation (16.4%), crafts activity (24.4%), floral decoration activity (17.5%) and other activities (16.7%). The most used plants in a restricted place like a hospital were found to be in the order of Hedera helix, Chamaedorea elegans, Succulent plant, Syngonium podophyllum, Neofinetia falcata HU, Hoya carnosa (L.f.) R.Br.), Rosmarinus officinalis, and Spathiphyllum spp.

The study was conducted to understand the relationship among university students’ interest in horticulture, psychological well-being and social development and the influence of measured variables. In order to collect data, the surveys were executed by convenience sampling on university students attending four-year universities in Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions of South Korea during the period from July 3 to July 17, 2016. A total of 307 survey results which measured the university students’ interest in horticulture, psychological well-being and social development were analyzed. The results showed that there are differences in the interest in horticulture, psychological well-being, and social development depending on the students’ general characteristics. According to the results analyzed by t-test and one-way ANOVA, the interest in horticulture depending on gender, religion, academic marks, family life satisfaction and school life satisfaction had significant differences showing high interest for the students with religion, good academic marks, high family life satisfaction and school life satisfaction as well as female students. Psychological well-being showed significant differences in academic marks, family life satisfaction and school life satisfaction, while social development displayed significant differences in gender, grade, academic marks, family life satisfaction and school life satisfaction. According to the results analyzed by correlation analysis, there was a significant correlation among university students’ interest in horticulture, psychological well-being and sociality development. Furthermore, regression analysis verified that university students’ interest in horticulture has a positive influence on psychological well-being and social development. The results of this study implies that university students with a higher interest in horticulture have higher levels of psychological well-being and social development.

This study aims to assess forest healing programs to middle-aged people in Korea with metabolic syndrome as a method to control the syndrome through prevention and health improvement rather than treatment. In order to develop healing programs in the urban forests for metabolic syndrome patients, environment condition of the forests and moods of participants were compared. Thermal environments and the concentration of phytoncides were analyzed by the site. Saneum Healing Forest had a lower temperature but a higher humidity than Seoul Forest. Seoul Forest had higher PMV and PPD levels than Saneum Healing Forest, providing patients with freshness. This seems to be due to the seasonal factor of autumn. As for the total emissions of phytoncide, mountain forest generated more than urban forest. Nine components out of investigated twenty turned out to be generated more in the urban forests. The atmospheric composition of phytoncides, volatile organic compounds that are released from vegetation, was analyzed at both sites. Profile of Mood States (POMS) was measured before and after the healing program. The POMS suggested that forest environments reduce stress and increase comfort, calm, and feelings of refreshment. The tendency towards positive mood state in the forest recommend that middle-aged Metabolic syndrome patients participate in healing programs in the forests.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of retroperitoneal tissue marked by chronic inflammation and prominent fibrosis. A 67-year-old man presented with general weakness and oliguria. Laboratory findings showed blood urea nitrogen 77.7 mg/dL, serum creatinine 9.24 mg/dL, and an IgG4 level within the normal range. Computed tomography (CT) findings showed bilateral hydronephrosis and distal ureteral obstruction due to fibrotic adhesion to a presacral mass. Laparoscopic biopsy was performed. The authors report a case of acute kidney injury caused by non-IgG4 related focal retroperitoneal fibrosis in the pelvis that was successfully treated using prednisolone and tamoxifen… non-IgG4 related focal retroperitoneal fibrosis caused byacute kidney injury.