This study is an analytical research on the size effect of concrete flexural-compressive strength. The meso-scale finite element method was used to analyze various sizes of specimens. As a result of the analysis, the size effect that the flexural-compressive strength becomes smaller as the size of specimen becomes bigger is analytically confirmed.

이 연구의 목적은 모방하기 전략을 활용한 한국어 학습자의 쓰기 양상을 살펴보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 중급 단계 한국어 학습자에게 비교와 대조의 구조 유형의 쓰기 과정 중 쓰기 전 단계에서 구조에 맞는 모델 텍스트를 제시한 후 학습자 스스로 제시된 글의 구조를 파악하고 그것을 새로운 글쓰기에 어떻게 재구성하여 활용하는지 살펴보았다. 모델 텍스트는 쓰기에 부담감을 가지는 한국어 학습자들이 쓰기 활동에 적극적으로 참여할 수 있도록 도와주는 비계를 역할을 하여 학습자 스스로 쓰기 활동을 주도적으로 이끌어 갈 수 있도록 하는데 도움을 준다. 또한 텍스트 구조는 글 쓰는 이의 사고를 논리적으로 연결하여 학습자가 질 높은 텍스트를 완성하는 데 만들어 내는 데 영향을 준다. 이 연구에서는 모델 텍스트의 활용을 통해 먼저 완성된 학습자의 글을 비교와 대조의 마름모형 텍스트 구조를 확인하고, 제공된 정보를 잘 배열하고 조직화하여 응집성을 확보한 계단식 구조로 완성된 텍스트 내용을 확인하였다. 그리고 글에 활용된 구조 표지어를 확인 해 보았다. 이를 통하여 학문 목적 한국어 학습자의 쓰기 지도와 쓰기 능력 향상에 필요한 모방 전략의 가능성을 탐색할 수 있었다.

The objective of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis of the chemical properties of the cultivation site soil and growth characteristics of organically and conventionally cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Organically and conventionally cultivated ginseng samples (4-, 5-, and 6-year-old) were collected from 52 fields at 14 locations throughout Korea. The samples were collected over three years from 2013 to 2015, with the collection period between October and November of each year. In order to increase the yield of organically cultivated ginseng, the amount of nutrients was increased to match that of the conventional cultivation system, which highlights the need for proper management in accordance with the standards for chemical properties of soil. Growth duration of organic ginseng was ≥60 days shorter than that of conventional ginseng and its average yield per 1ha was 60% than that of conventional ginseng. Root weight of organically cultivated ginseng was approximately 54% that of conventionally cultivated ginseng. Rhizome diameter and body shape index of organically cultivated ginseng were lower than those of conventionally cultivated ginseng, indicating that organically cultivated ginseng was thinner and longer than conventionally cultivated ginseng. Root length was greater in 5-year-old conventionally cultivated ginseng with a low percentage of paddy-upland rotation fields. The number of rootlets was lower in 5- and 6-year-old organically cultivated ginseng with a high percentage of direct seeding cultivation. Dry weight was distinctly lower in 5- and 6-year-old organically cultivated ginseng with early defoliation than that of conventionally cultivated ginseng. Incidences of notched belly and root rot tended to be higher in conventional cultivation, with the incidence of notched belly being distinctly higher in 4- and 6-year-old roots and root rot being more prevalent in 5- and 6-year-old roots. Red discoloration and eelworm damage, which are highly affected by soil moisture, were most common in the organically cultivated 4-year-old roots. Organically cultivated ginseng showed early defoliation than conventionally cultivated ginseng, as a result, its yield and weight were low, while the incidence of physiological disorders was low. In order to increase the yield of organically cultivated ginseng, studies on cultivation technology that can overcome early defoliation, as well as soil moisture management that can minimize physiological disorders, are required.

As government and local governments are working on the various project about rural experience tourism village in these days, many rural villages are planned and developed, and try to come up to visitor’s demand. Not only quantitative growth by village development but also importance of programs operated by the rural villages are emphasized, therefore it needs to compare and analyze the activity programs about rural experience tourism village in rural community building business by season, characteristics of villages, and overall. Moreover, it has to try to suggest a basic direction of improvement about rural community building business. The site of researches are 15 villages that include 5 green rural tourism villages, 5 rural traditional theme villages, and 5 unique villages that are recent project. The result of research is that similar projects are operated and hard to find characteristic of seasonal programs in existing management business. On the other hand, the programs of recent management business operates not only the former program but also big and activity program using the village’s resources and characteristic.

This study analytically reviewed the behavior of steel plate concrete (SC) walls subjected to forced vibration to investigate the effects of shape and arrangement spacing of studs on the behavior spacing of studs for SC wall were carried out. When the distance between the studs increases more than necessary, it was also confirmed that the natural frequency was reduced.

In this study we were to explore the seasonal variation of water temperature distributions before and after weir construction at Gumi, Chilgok, Gangjung(Goryung), Dalsung in the Nakdong River using Landsat satellite images. Relationship between in-situ water temperature and radiance values of Landsat-5, 7, 8 satellite images showed high correlation. Seasonal variation of water temperature in Nakdong River showed that the fluctuation ranges of water temperature before weir construction were larger than those after weir construction. This indicated that the variation of water temperature is due to the difference of heat storage volume by weir construction and dredging work. In particular, the water temperature after weirs construction in autumn was 4-8 times lower than that before weirs construction. Water temperature after weir construction decreased in spring and summer at the downstream of Gumi weir and Gangjung(Goryung) weir, and the upstream of Dalsung weir. In autumn and winter, the water temperature after weir construction increased in the upstream and downstream of the whole weirs except upstream of Gumi weir. Relationship between water temperature and meteorological elements (air temperature, wind speed, sunshine, radiation) showed high correlation of above 94% in air temperature, and then radiation was high correlation before and after 65%.

Recently, sales attempting of emotion between the flower shop and cafe is increasing by their strategic partnership. The combination of them, however, is at an early stage. So it’s unsystematic and also related research is not entirely satisfactory. Thus, the research tried to contribute to flower cafe’s vitalization by analysing the image characteristics and preference factor of the flower cafe. The subjects of analysis are 6 flower cafe located in Gangnam-gu, Seoul. The research method is as in the following. General public group and professional group, each of them is 100 people, are the research object. They did a survey which is about their sense of the flower cafe, visual preference about display elements, the image characteristics of the cafe and a difference of awareness between the groups. Collected material was analyzed by SPSS statistics 18 program. The result of the research is that they preferred color of all display elements and didn’t prefer POP(Point of Purchase Advertising). Additionally, an average of ‘Modernistic-Traditional’, which is an adjective item of cafe image characteristic, is the highest while the average of ‘Graceful-Unpretentiously’ is the lowest. In the research, the most important variable in visual preference about display elements is display goods, and the most influence elements in image characteristic of cafe is scale feeling. Moreover, there are the difference between a gender about preference and image characteristics. Especially, the general public group has higher perception than the professional group under the statistical significance level. This research shows that the flower cafe makes user easily access to flower and plants, and there is high correlation between the visual preference and image of display and preference of cafe.

Organic ginseng farming has rapidly increased in response to consumer demand for a safe product which improves health. Differences in soil nutrient concentration and ginsenoside content between organic and conventional ginseng farming have, however, not yet been properly studied. Therefore the aim of the present study was to compare soil nutrient concentration and ginsenoside content between these two farming systems. NO3-N, P2O5, and K were significantly different between organic and conventional ginseng farming. The total content of ginsenoside and individual ginsenoside components were higher in organically grown ginseng than in ginseng from conventional farming, although there is no significant difference. Particularly, protopanaxadiol saponins were higher than protopanaxatriol saponins in ginseng from organic farming compared to ginseng produced by conventional farming. NO3-N content in soils showed a negative correlation with the content of ginseno-sides Rb2 and Rd. In addition, P2O5 showed a negative correlation with ginseno-sides Rb1, Rc, and PD/PT ratio. Organic matter showed a positive crrelation with ginsenosides Re. To increase the ginsenoside content of ginseng, we recommend increasing organic matter and decreasing NO3-N and P2O5 contents in the soil.

이 연구에서는 SC 전단벽의 전단 연결재인 스터드의 배치와 형상이 SC 전단벽의 거동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 전단벽체가 반복의 전단하중을 받을 때의 거동을 해석적으로 검토하였다. 이를 위해 서로 다른 배치간격과 형상의 스터드가 배열된 SC 전단벽을 대상으로 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 하중-변위이력곡선으로부터 스켈레톤 곡선을 얻었고 스터드의 간격이 좁을수록 극한강도 및 항복강도가 크게 나타남을 확인했다. 또한, 일반 스터드 보다 경사부재가 있는 경사 스터드의 강도가 더 크게 나타났고 강성비가 줄어들수록 감쇠비가 증가함을 확인했다. 최종적으로 스터드의 간격이 좁을수록 누적손상에너지가 크게 나타나며 내진성능이 우수함을 확인하였다.

This study analytically reviewed the dissipated energy and ductility of Steel Plate Concrete (SC) walls subjected to cyclic shear forces to investigate the effects of shape and arrangement spacing of studs on the design of SC walls. As the decrease of stud spacings, the cumulative dissipate energy was increased and the seismic performance was improved. Under the same cumulative dissipate energy, the ductility was increased as the increase of stud spacings and the influences with stud type was insignificant.

최근 강우와 토지이용 특성의 변화로 도시지역의 재해위험은 크게 악화되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 재해예경보 시스템의 정도 향상을 목적으로 서울 지역의 기상관측망을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 서울시 관내의 30개 AWS 관측소를 대상으로 강우자료를 수집한 후, 월별 및 호우발생 특성별로 구분하여 분석에 이용하였다. 혼합분포를 이용하여 강우를 모형화하였으며, 강우의 공간상관함수를 유도하고, 대상 관측망의 영향범위를 산정하여 강우관측망의 공간적 특성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 서울 지역 강우관측망의 적정 영향범위는 반경 7 km 정도이며, 최소설치기준은 더욱 엄격한 반경 5 km 정도가 적절함을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 서울 지역의 예경보 시스템 개선을 위해서는 기존 관측망의 자료 품질 확보와 더불어 외곽 산악지역의 부족지역에 관측망 신설방안이 병행되어야 함을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구는 인삼점무늬병과 탄저병에 대한 친환경자재로 만들어진 친환경 살균제의 억제효과를 알아보기 위해서 수행을 했다. 인삼 점무늬병과 인삼 탄저병들은 인삼뿌리가 비대하기 시작하기 전에 낙엽을 시켜서 수확량을 크게 감소하는 주요한 병들이다. 천연칼슘, 녹차추출물, 홍삼박 술등은 A. panax에 의해서 유발된 인삼 점무늬병에 대해서 상당한 억제효과를 보였고 게 껍질 발효액과 익모초자연즙액은 C. gloeosporioides에 의해서 유발된 인삼탄저병에 대해서 큰 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이들 친환경 살균제는 치료효능보다 대체적으로 예방효능이 더 우수 하였다. 그러므로 이들 친환경 자재들은 인삼 유기재배포장에서 사용할 수 없는 화학농약을 대체하는 살균제로써 이용할 수 있고 그들의 억제효과를 극대화하기 위해 발병 전에 처리를 해야 한다.

This study analytically reviewed the behavior of Steel Plate Concrete(SC) walls subjected to cyclic shear forces to investigate the effects of shape and arrangement spacing of studs on the design of SC walls. The shape of the stud did not affect the shear behavior of SC wall but, the spacing influenced to its composite action.

농촌진흥청 원예특작과학원에서는 2008년에 밝고 강건하며 다화성인 분홍색의 중형품종을 육성할 목적으로 1995년에 밝은 분홍색 중형종 C. Lucky Rainbow ‘Randezvous’ 와 중형종 진분홍색계 Lucky Rainbow ‘Lapin Hot’ 품종을 교배하여 분홍색계 Cymbidium ‘Sky Pink’ 신품종을 개발하였다. 1996년부터 2007년까지 종자기내파종, 온실양성, 선발 그리고 특성검정으로 균일성, 안정성, 화색, 화수, 엽형 등이 우수하여 2008년 12월 농작물 직무육성 심의회를 거쳐 ‘Sky Pink’로 명명하였다. ‘Sky Pink’ 품종은 분홍색계(RHS, RP63C)이며, 1개 꽃대에 11.4개의 소화가 착생하며 화폭이 약 6.3 cm이다. 꽃모양은 꽃받침과 꽃잎이 안쪽으로 약간 오므라드는 둥근 모양이고 꽃대는 반직립성이며 식물체 크기는 중형이다. 꽃은 보통재배시1월 초순경부터 개화하는 중생종이며 잎형태는 꼬임이 적은 반직립성이고 꽃대의 길이는 53.0 cm이었다. ‘Sky Pink’ 품종의 개화 수명은 분화의 경우 약 60일정도이며(18～23℃) 절화할 경우, 18일로 양호하여 분화나 절화품종으로 사용하기에 적합하였다.

이 연구에서는 SC 전단벽의 전단 연결재인 스터드의 배치와 형상이 SC 전단벽의 거동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 전단벽체가 전단력과 축하중을 받을 때의 거동을 해석적으로 검토하였다. 이를 위해 서로 다른 형상과 배열의 스터드가 배열된 SC 전단벽을 대상으로 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 스터드의 간격이 과하게 떨어져 있을 경우 합성거동이 완벽하게 작용하지 못하며 강판이 설계곡선의 2차 항복 전단력 보다 적은 하중에서 항복함을 확인하였다. 스터드의 형상은 일반형 스터드뿐만 아니라 개선된 경사형 스터드도 전단거동에 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았고, 스터드의 간격이 합성거동에 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 또한 이 연구를 통하여 경사형 스터드가 일반형 스터드에 비해 좌굴을 제어하는데 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

This study reviewed analytically the behavior of Steel Plate Concrete(SC) walls subjected to shear forces to investigate the effects of shape and arrangement spacing of studs on the design of SC walls. The results showed that the steel plate was yielded at the lower load than the second yielding shear force of the design skeleton curve when the spacing of stud is excessively far from each other. It is also found that the shape of the stud did not affect the shear behavior of SC wall, however, the spacing influenced to its composite action.

본 연구에서는 휨모멘트를 받는 SC 벽체 스터드의 성능을 최적화시키기 위해 비선형 유한요소법을 사용한 해석적 연구를 수행하였다.SC 벽체에 대한 유한요소모형에서는 접촉, 연결, 그리고 재료에 대한 비선형성을 고려하였다. 그리고 해석모형의 검증을 위해 선행된 실내실험을 모사하여 계측결과와 해석결과를 비교하였고, 제안된 해석방법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 문헌조사를 통해 해석 대상물의 크기를 결정하였고, 다양한 스터드의 형식과 배치간격을 고려한 해석을 수행하였다. 또한, KEPIC SNG를 만족하는지에 대한 추가적인 검토를 수행하였다. 최종적으로 수치해석과 기준의 검토를 통하여 개선된 스터드의 최적 형식 및 배치안을 제시하였다.