Recently, as increasing interests in Korean-style house, the government has promoted the policy that encourage constructing Korea-style house fabricated timber though the improvement of the related law and administration system. Also, the perception for historic preservation has been increased in respond to heightened interest. In this paper, External bond and Near surface mounted was used as the way to reinforce timber structure’s durability. bond strength for specimens with different bond length was investigated.

It will use the Schmidt hammer law, the Ultrasonic waves velocity law and the composition law in the concrete Korean mandolin lump examination law from the research which it sees consequently and proposal of the usual concrete and existing regarding the high-in-tensity concrete the comparison which will be cool it will analyze and compared to accurately the burglar presumption which is the possibility of buying the compressive strength of the concrete it will be cool and it proposes.

본 연구는 순환굵은골재 콘크리트의 활용성 증대 및 규준 정립에 관한 연구의 일환으로 순환굵은골재 치환율에 따른 고강도 철근콘크리트 보의 휨 특성을 검토하고자 한다. 실험은 콘크리트 설계강도 40MPa, 50MPa, 60MPa 순환굵은골재 치환율 0%, 30%, 50%, 100%를변수로 총 12개의 실험체를 제작하여 최종 파괴 시까지 변위제어 방식에 의해 2점 가력하였다. 실험결과 천연골재를 사용한 실험체와 비교시 균열발생 및 파괴양상의 경우, 순환굵은골재를 사용한 철근콘크리트 보의 실험체는 천연골재 철근콘크리트 보 실험체에 비해 균열이 비교적 압축측까지 진전하는 특성을 보였으나 전반적으로 균열양상은 유사하게 나타났으며, KCI 설계기준식에 의한 계산값 및 실험결과의 비교결과 순환굵은골재 치환율에 관계없이 1.08~1.29로 기준값을 상회하는 것으로 나타나 순환굵은골재를 사용한 콘크리트 보의 휨 부재설계에 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 순환굵은골재 활용성 증대를 위해 추가적인 실험을 통하여 순환굵은골재의 구조적 기준정립이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

‘천량’은 생리장해 저항성 품종 육성을 목적으로 1999년도 경기도 여주 농가 포장에서 수집해 2002년에 개체를 선발하 였고, 2003년부터 2006년까지 특성검정과 2007년도부터 2009년도까지 생산력검정시험을 실시하였다. ‘음성1호’의 계 통명을 부여한 후 2010년부터 2011년까지 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과, 다수성이면서 염류저항성이 강한 품종으로 인정 되었고, 2011년에 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 신규 등 재 품종으로 선정되어 ‘천량’으로 명명하였다. ‘천량’의 잎색 은 녹색이며, 소엽 가로 자른면의 모양이 볼록형으로 대조품 종인 ‘천풍’의 오목형과 비교된다. 줄기의 색깔은 전체가 연 두색이나 엽병 주위와 기부에 연한 자색을 나타낸다. ‘천량’ 의 열매색과 잎노화색은 적색을 나타내나 대조품종에서 등황 색, 황색을 나타내어 확연히 구분이 되었다. ‘천량’은 ‘천풍’ 보다 출아기는 2일, 개화기는 3일 그리고 과육성숙기는 5일 빨랐다. 4년생에서 ‘천량’의 경장은 41.3 cm로 ‘천풍’에 비해 짧았으며, 경직경은 6.4 cm로 ‘천풍’에 비해 더 굵었고, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽병장도 ‘천풍’보다 더 길었다. ‘천량’의 근장과 동체 장은 대조품종과 비슷하며, 동직경은 대조품종보다 5.3 mm 굵었고, 주당 생근중은 57.0 g으로 ‘천풍’보다 더 무거웠다. ‘천량’의 주당 열매수는 ‘천풍’보다 더 적게 맺혔으나 천립중 은 53.1 g으로 ‘천풍’보다 무거웠고 개갑률은 ‘천풍’보다 5.4% 높게 나타나 우량 묘삼 생산에 유리할 것으로 생각되었 다. ‘천량’의 수량은 생산력검정을 한 결과 평균 수량이 536 kg/10 a로 ‘천풍’보다 12% 증수되었다. ‘천량’은 모잘록병과 탄저병에 대해서는 저항성을 나타내었으며, 점무늬병에서는 중도 저항성을 나타내었다. 역병과 뿌리썩음병은 거의 발생되 지 않았고 가루깍지벌레와 선충 등 충해에 대해서는 저항성 을 나타내었다. ‘천량’은 염류 과다로 발생되는 지상부의 황 증 현상과 지하부 적변삼 증상은 거의 나타나지 않았으며, 고 온에는 중도 저항성을 나타내어 천풍보다 강하게 나타났다. 인삼의 주요 성분인 ginsenoside 함량 중 total 함량은 22.18 mg/g으로 ‘천풍’과 비슷하게 나타났으며, 조사한 ginsenoside 8종류 중 Rb1과 Rf를 제외한 6종류의 함량은 ‘천량’이 높게 나타났다.

In this study, we produced satellite-based drought indices such as NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index), NDWI(normalized difference water index), and NDDI(normalized difference drought index) and extracted time-series principal components from the drought indices using EOF(empirical orthogonal function) method to examine their relationships with climatic variables. We found that the first principal components of the drought indices for Sonid Right Banner, Inner Mongolia were dominant in cold seasons and were closely related to low temperature, little rainfall, and high surface albedo. The satellite-based drought indices and their EOF analyses can be utilized for the studies of cold-season drought and warm-season drought as well.

The development of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and expressed sequence tag-derivedsimple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) provided a useful tool for investigating Korean ginseng genetic diversity. In this study,18 polymorphic markers (7 RAPD and 11 EST-SSR) selected to assess the genetic diversity in 31 ginseng accessions (11Korean ginseng cultivars and 20 breeding lines). In RAPD analysis, a total of 53 unique polymorphic bands were obtainedfrom ginseng accessions and number of amplicons ranged from 4 to 11 with a mean of 7.5 bands. Pair-wise genetic similaritycoefficient (Nei) among all pairs of ginseng accessions varied from 0.01 to 0.32, with a mean of 0.11. On the basis of theresulting data, the 31 ginseng accessions were grouped into six clusters. As a result of EST-SSR analysis, 11 EST-SSR mark-ers detected polymorphisms among the 31 ginseng accessions and revealed 49 alleles with a mean of 4.45 alleles per primer.The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.06 to 0.31, with an average of 0.198. The 31 ginsengaccessions were classified into five groups by cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distances. Consequently, the results ofginseng-specific RAPD and EST-SSR markers may prove useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and discrimination ofKorean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines.

This study was carried out to investigate the difference of the content of soil chemical components and growth characteristics in five years old ginseng affected by application of manure in paddy-converted field. As all livestock manure regardless of kinds increased along with the whole soil chemical component, including the pH and EC in 2008. Change in the EC of control plot was slightly increased but not exceeded 1 ds/m over the years. However, the changes in the EC of livestock manure regardless of kinds and amounts were highly increased and irregularly exceeded 1.5 ds/m in 2012. The 5 years old ginseng root fresh weight, treatment of fertilizing pig manure compost 4 ton per 10 areas (PMC 4t on/10a) and fowl manure compost 4 ton per 10 areas (FMC 4 ton/10a), were superior to the others. But there were no difference between PMC 4 ton/10a, FMC 4 ton/10a and control. The standing crop rate 39.6%, treatment of fertilizing cattle manure compost 4 ton per 10 areas (CMC 4 ton/10a), was best in all livestock manure. However that was relatively lower than control. Physiological disorder occurrence rates of livestock manure related with leaf and root of ginseng were also higher than that of control. If excessively using non-decomposed livestock manure, It would be caused physiological disorder in many ways. It is a big problem to be producing the quality ginseng. More research is needed to find out the economic and effective fertilizer.

Korean ginseng (P. ginseng C. A. Meyer) is one of the most important medicinal plant in the world. Understanding genetic variability among the assortment of Korean ginseng is important for breeding. The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize Korean ginseng cultivar and breeding lines through the use of eight previously reported STS markers (MFGp183, MFGp130, MFGp110, UFGp74, UFGp163, MFGp108, MFGp81 and UFGp156). All STS markers produced interpretable electropherograms from 31 accessions consisting of 11 Korean ginseng cultivars and 20 breeding lines. When eight STS markers were combined, we identified to total 19 genetic patterns; in particular, nine cultivars (Chunpoong, Yunpoong, Gopoong, Gumpoong, Sunpoong, Sunone, Cheongseon, Sunhyang, Cheonryang) and 5 breeding lines (G08012, G04079, G04075, G08036, G04110) in ginseng samples can be discriminated from the others. Together with other available markers, these STS markers will contribute to the management of ginseng genetic resources and the protection of breeders' rights.

In this study, the amount of construction waste created from Demolition and reconstruction of old buildings by environmental contamination by construction waste has been raised as a social problem, according as a means to settle problems the government is being encouraged the use Recycled aggregate. However recycled aggregate has not yet been applied to structures in many cases. Due to uncertain technical verification of long-term durability, the use of recycled aggregate is being limited. Accordingly in this study, High Strength Concrete Beams use Recycled coarse Aggregate to evaluate the performance of the bending and establish national standards for structural design of recycled aggregates aims to provide the basic data.

The Slip form method is a one of typical construction methods of huge and continues concrete structure. The major advantage of slip form method could be summarized on shortening of construction period which dues on non-construction joint and needless of extra concrete curing time during construction. The slip form method has often applied for high concrete pylon construction. The steel which is conventional material for slip form, however, has shown a weakness in corrosion by chlorides, and a safety hazard from assembling and dis-assembling of heavyweight slip form. In this study, the GFRP which has high resistance to corrosion and relatively light weight than steel was applied to complement shortcomings from using conventional material of slip form. And an abrasion resistance test was carried to evaluate reusablility of GFRP form.

In the case of cultural properties, each member has a cultural value and replacing of damaged wood is not easy. In addition, state of our country research for repair and reinforcement of timber are still incomplete. since 2008, research of the reinforcement method using CFRP plate has started. in this study, experiment for the adhesion strength along attachment length of surface bonded and NSM using CFRP plate. As a result, the adhesive strength is increased depend on increased of the adhesion area, measured the change of intensity according to the species of the wood.

As the building maintenance and safety management have recently been brought to attention, the utilization of non-destructive testing methods for internal inspection of concretes is increasing. Non-destructive testing methods, unlike typical destructive testing methods that deconstruct or cut the building in case of issues such as pores, heterogeneous material, cracks or any such equivalent issues inside/outside the building, refer to the testing methods for pores, heterogeneous material, or defectiveness occurring in the specimen without changes or destruction of internal structure using ultrasound, radiation, electromagnetism, fluid, heat, or light. In this study, among such non-destructive testing methods, the impact echo method was used for an experiment to estimate the steel rebar location and thickness in the concrete mock member.

The present study was conducted to judge the applicability of field quality control by children's goods manufacturers by assessing the contents of heavy metals such as Pb and Cd in outdoor play goods for children through measurement using Portable XRF and comparing the results through detailed analyses using ICP. Heavy metal contents of 711 part samples of 505 products were measured using XRF. According to the results, the ratio of products that exceeded the Pb and Cd content standards specified under the Quality Management and Safety Control of Industrial Products Act were 2.4% and 2.6%. Many products certified for self-regulated safety exceeded the standards and thus it was considered that harmful chemical material centered safety management systems would be necessary. Detailed ICP analyses of some products were compared and the results showed deviations of 0.9～80.8% from XRF results. The reasons for this are deviations in the characteristics of measured cross sections and the homogeneity of samples resulting from sample preparation methods, etc. Therefore, it is considered that field quality control will be applicable if measuring methods are efficiently established based on product characteristics and calibration curve preparation methods are established through quality control.

This study was conducted to examine for serviceability of GFRP for application of Slip-Form. As a result, Flexure performance of GFRP module is similar to steel material. And accumulated wear volume of GFRP module is 0.02% when sliding distance reaches at 1000m.

To strength deteriorated concrete deck by near surface mounted method, energy dissipation capacity of steel plate metallic damper, which has shape modification in existing slit damper, performance test is conducted with the variables of strut height. For the design of damper, the strength, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity are evaluated by using test results

To apply the NSM technique extensively, reasonable strengthening parameters, like flexural strengthening ratio, need to be evaluated. In this study, Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS) technique was applied to suggest reasonable values of strength ratio and uncertainties in material and geometry. Finally, flexural strengthening ratio for CFRP plate was determined by using the limit state function with the target reliability index.

In this study, we aimed to consider the inspection without destroying the specimen using the Impact Echo Method of nondestructive test using stress wave in an objective manner for detecting defects in concrete members. As a result of estimating the thickness of the concrete slab member using Impact Echo Method under the influence of the result of the stress wave, the average error in the 7.49% confirmed the applicability. In addition, we can check the possibility of data acquisition and construction of concrete structures for the construction of the diagnosis system