My dear colleagues, First of all, I wish to thank the Korean Society of Applied Entomology for the highest honor of selecting me as the winner of the Korean Entomology Prize of 2016 and would like to express my profound gratitude to the founder of this prize, Dr. J. S. Hyun. I know its establishment has encouraged us to dedicate ourselves in the tenure of entomological advancement of Korea adding a fancy brick in the foundation of biological research. Entomology is a propelling subject alliancing many kin-subjects on nematodes, arachnids, myriapods, and snails and slugs and so on. We are proud to be entomologists as insects are the most successful animals sharing almost two-third of the bio-sphere and are the leading bio-mass of the earth, as well in the meantime, maintaining our ecosystem well is allowing us to catch our breath in a healthy fashion. Not only these, insects have also helped scientists settle many medical, hereditary, evolutionary, ecological, sociological and even the engineering problems. Korean entomological investigations are flourishing speedily since the establishment of our society in 1962. During the late 20th century, Korean entomology was mainly focused on knocking down of agricultural insect pests with agro-chemicals and beneficial organisms. However at present, the Korean entomology is addressing a wide array of issues from ecology, biology, medicine, physiology, biochemistry, systematics, and not least from the food security (as we are foreseeing the use of insects in our table as human diet). The number of Korean entomologists is continuously rocketing up contributing exponential number of quality publications on entomological issues. Without their dedicated efforts, the green and white revolution of Korean agriculture might not have achieved. I hope Korean entomological works will go beyond the boundary to touch the horizon as we have systematic technology generation and transfer systems, as we have fostering technologies to support our investigations and as we have the will power to do something differently, all in the welfare of mankind both locally and globally. As for me, I continue to remain active, focusing on entomological research and development. I feel truly overwhelmed, overwhelmed by gratitude, gratitude to this society, and gratitude to all of you. I pray for all of us, that we together do our bests for the development of Korean entomology, and more for the biological science of Korea. To the society, my colleagues, I thank you all sincerely from the inner core of my heart. This is realizing me a huge responsibility. I am truly and honestly thrilled to be here with this award. Thank you for this great honor!

This study attempted to find an efficient method for the preparation of high-purity galactooligosaccharides (HP-GOS) using β-galactosidase and yeast fermentation. GOS prepared using Lactozym 3000L showed the greatest enhancement in total GOS of the six β-galatosidases tested. GOS alone achieved 51% conversion of initial lactose. GOS production was enhanced by fermentation with commercial yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae); its concentration reached 71% after 36h fermentation with 8% yeast. Component sugar analysis with HPLC indicated that HP-GOS fermented with S. cerevisiae showed significantly increased levels of 4’/6’-galactosyllactose and total GOS as well as a significantly decreased glucose level. HP-GOS facilitated the growth of Lactobacillus sp. (L. acidophilus and L. casei) and Bifidobacterium sp. (B. longum and B. bifidum). In sum, high-purity GOS has been successfully produced through both an enzymatic process and yeast fermentation. GOS encourages the growth of bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that may be beneficial to human gastrointestinal health.

Sensory system of insect is important for their fitness in the environment. Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a major pest of bean plants and some fruit trees in Korea, Japan, China, and South Asian countries. This study was conducted to investigate morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of R. pedestris, using scanning electron microscopy. Antennae of R. pedestris was 11 and 9.84 mm in length in male and female, respectively, and consists of four segments; scape, pedicel, flagellum 1 and 2 (F1 and F2). Five types of sensilla (s.) trichodea, four types of s. basiconica, two types of s. chaetica, and one type of s. coeloconica were preliminary identified in both sexes of adult R. pedestris, based on their size, shape, presence of socket and surface structure. Three types of trichoid sensilla, four types of basiconic sensilla, one type of chaetic sensilla and coeloconic sensilla had numerous pores along the surface of the sensilla, suggesting their olfactory function. Eight types of sensilla (3 trichoid, 2 basiconic, a chaetic and a coeloconic) showed a distinct socket structure at the base of each sensillum. Different types of sensilla showed different distribution along the antennal segments. Two types of trichoid sensilla and two types of basiconic sensilla were distributed on scape, pedicel and F1 flagella subsegment. However, the distribution of eight other types of sensilla was limited to one of two flagella subsegments.

Phytophagous insects detect volatile compounds produced by host and non-host plants, using species-specific sets of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). To investigate the relationship between the range of host plants and the profile of ORNs, single cell recordings were carried out to identify ORNs and corresponding active compounds in female Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), an oligophagous eucalypt feeder. Based on the response profiles to 39 plant volatile compounds, 13 classes of sensilla containing 40 classes of ORNs were identified in female U. lugens. More than 95% (163 out of 171) of these sensilla contained 16 classes of ORNs with narrow response spectra, and 62.6% (107 out of 171) 18 classes of ORNs with broad response spectra. Among the specialized ORNs, seven classes of ORNs exhibited high specificity to 1,8-cineole, (±)-citronellal, myrcene, (±)-linalool and (E)-β-caryophyllene, major volatiles produced by eucalypts, while nine other classes of ORNs showed highly specialized responses to green leaf volatiles, germacrene D, (E)-β)-farnesene and geranyl acetate that are not produced by most eucalypts. We hypothesize that female U. lugens can recognize their host plants by detecting key host volatile compounds, using a set of ORNs tuned to host volatiles, and discriminate them from non-host plants using another set of ORNs specialized for non-host volatiles. The ORNs with broad response spectra may enhance the discrimination between host and non-host plants by adding moderately selective sensitivity. Based on our finding, it is suggested that phytophagous insects use the combinational input from both host-specific and non-host specific ORNs for locating their host plants, and the electrophysiological characterization of ORN profiles can be used for predicting the range of host plants in phytophagous insects.

Chemical ecology has been useful in various aspects of biosecurity that requires dynamic multidisciplinary practices. Some techniques and research outcomes have already been incorporated as routine practices in biosecurity, while many others are yet to come. Many pheromones and other semiochemicals have been being used as highly sensitive, species-specific detection and surveillance tools. When different species interact each other, specific volatile chemicals are often produced. Detection of these specific signature volatile compounds can also be used as an early diagnostic tool. Highly sensitive and discriminating olfactory tissues can be used as low-level chemical sensors. Risk analysis is an important component of biosecurity program. The range of host plants may be predictable by using information on ORN response profiles of a given species and on volatile chemical profiles of the candidate plants. In a study using two Cydia species as a model system, we hypothesize that combinational input from two different groups of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), antagonist ORNs and agonist ORNs, may play a key role in discriminating host plants from non-host plants. Semiochemicals can be used as delimitation and eradication tools against invading species. For example, mass trapping with pheromone traps, combined with some other means such as sterile insect technique, effectively eradicated the painted apple moth, an invasive species, in New Zealand. A cooperative research program among New Zealand, USA and Australia is currently underway to use semiochemicals to eradicate the light brown apple moth invading California. Chemical ecology in aquatic environment has been poorly understood. Semiochemicals for marine organisms would also be useful to improve marine biosecurity.

본 논문에서는 해양구조물에 작용되는 파력을 산정하고 구조 불 유동의 상호작용올 해석하기 위하여 유통장을 유한요소법으로 모형화하여 해석할 때에， 효과적으로 적용될 수 있는 유체의 3차원 무한요소를 개발하였다 유동의 수식화는 선형파동이론에 근기하였고， 구조물의 크기가 비교적 큰 경우를 대상으로 함으로써 유통의 관성력항이 지배적이 므 로， 점성저항력의 영향을 무시하였다. 유동의 지배방정식이 속도포 텐셜에 대한 라플라스 방정식으로 주어지고， 구조물의 표면， 수연 빛 해저면을 경계로 하여， 수평방향으로 논 무한대로 펼쳐진 영역에서 정의된 문 제를 효과적으로 해석하기 위하여， 두 종류의 유동요소를 개발하였 다. 하나는 무 한원방향으로 방사되는 파를 모형화 하기위한 무한 요소이며， 다른 하나는 심해조건에서 유용하게 적용될 수 있는 가상바닥경계요소이다 본 연구에서 제안한 유통요소뜰 의 유용성과 효융성은 여러가지의 부 유식 해양구조물에 대한 예제해석올 통하여 입증하였다 같은 예제에 대하여 다른 방볍으로 해석한 타 문 현상의 결과와 비교할 때， 본 연구에서 개발한 유동요소를 사용한 방볍이 매우 좋은 결과를 줌올 얄 수 있었다

본 시험은 우리나라에서 발생하는 푸른곰팡이병균의 종의 빈도와 발병환경 및 방제법을 구명코져 실시하였다. 시험결과 Trichoderma koningi, T. lignorum, T. glaucum과 미동정의 1종등 4종의 병원균이 분리되었고 이들의 빈도는 각각 와 이었다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 감자배양액, 왁스만배양액과 리차드배양액에서 생육이 잘 되었으며 중성-염기성배지에서는 생육이 불량한 반면 산성에서 생육이 왕성하였으며 최적산도는 pH4였다. 양송이 수확기간 중 재배사내의 온도는 내외 일 때 본명의 발생이 적었고 수량이 많으며 이상에서는 본병의 발생이 격심하였다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 복토흙 소독시 에서 60분, 혹은 에서 30분간 열처리하므로서 완전히 사멸하였고 퇴비 후발효 과정에서도 사멸되었다.

카바(Piper methysticum, P. methysticum)는 비뇨생식기 질환, 류머티즘, 위장 장애, 호흡기 자극 및 폐 통증에 대해 전통적으로 사용되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 카바에서 분리된 flavokavain C (FKC)가 염증성 유전자의 발현에 관여하는 전사인자인 핵요소-κB (NF-κB) 의존성 산화 질소(NO) 생산 및 산화 질소 합성 효소(iNOS)의 발현에 리포폴리사카라이드(LPS) 처리된 대식세포에서 항 염증 활성을 나타 낸다는 것을 확인하였다. FKC는 과산화수소와 같은 반응성 산소 종(ROS)의 축적을 억제하고, LPS로 유도된 NO 생성 및 각종 염증 관련 유전자(iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6)의 발현을 NF-κB 및 MAPKs (ERK 및 JNK)의 억제를 통해 농도 의존적으로 줄일 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 이러한 결과는 FKC가 NF-κB 경로와 MAPKs 포 함한 염증 프로세스를 억제하는 능력을 가지고 있음을 나타내며, 이는 항 염증 및 항산화 효능 기반 기능성 화장 품에 적용될 수 있음을 암시한다.

광나무(L. lucidum)는 ursolic acid와 oleanolic acid를 다량 포함하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 광나무 열매, 줄기, 잎 세 부위 추출물의 항주름 효능을 평가하였다. 광나무 추출물은 human skin fibroblasts에서 독성이 없을 뿐만 아니라 MMP-1과 MMP-2의 발현을 감소시키고 COL1A1의 발현을 증가시켰다. 이들 추출물은 모두 농도 의존적으로 COL1A1의 발현을 증가시켰으며 MMP-1과 MMP-2의 발현을 감소시켰다. 광나무 세 부위 추출물 가운데, 열매 부위에 가장 많은 양의 ursolic acid 와 oleanolic acid가 함유되어 있었으며 가장 강한 COL1A1 upregulating 효과와 MMP-1과 MMP-2 downregulating 효과를 나타냈다. 이처럼 항주름 효능을 보이는 광나무 열매 추출물은 기능성 화장품 소재로 개발될 수 있는 가능성이 있다.