West Nile Virus (WNV) is transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Vector mosquitoes usually acquire these pathogens fromfeeding on an infected host, and transmit the pathogens to a naive host during feeding events. To understand the virustransmission dynamics and to survey WNV throughout country, the present study has been conducted. We collected mosquitoesat urban parks in Seongnam, Wonju, Gunsan, Daegu, and Tongyeong using CDC light trap with Dry ice from April toSeptemper in 2017 (mosquito collecting is on going). Among collected mosquitoes, blood-fed mosquitoes were conductedblood meal identification assay and the other mosquitoes were subjected to virus detection using real-time PCR method.A total of 2,290 mosquitoes representing 6 genera and 15 species were collected. The most dominant species was Culexpipiens complex (42.1%) followed by Aedes albopictus (15.1%), Ae. vexans nipponii (14.6%), Ochlerotatus koreicus (9.8%),Cx. orientalis (6.5%), and Armigeres subalbatus (4.4%). The blood meal source were of mammal (93.3%), and birds (6.7%).So far, no WNV has been detected in any mosquitoes.

The purpose of this monitoring is to survey the geographical distribution of tick species using dry ice bait traps and flagging methods at each ten provinces (GangwonⅠ,GangwonⅡ, Gyeonggi, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam and Jeju area) and one Metropolitan area in the Republic of Korea for eight months from April through November, 2016. A total of 65,339 ixodid ticks (8,200 females, 1,988 males, 31,453 nymphs and 23,698 larvae) was collected, belonging to three genera (Haemaphysalis, Ixodes and Amblyomma). Haemaphysalis longicornis was the most commonly collected species, which is represented for 96.88% of all the collected ticks and followed by H. flava (2.69%), I. nipponensis (0.35%), A. testudinarium (0.05%) and H. japonica (0.03%) in the Republic of Korea for the study period. Haemaphysalis longicornis was a dominant species observed in these eleven areas.

We performed a survey for flavivirus infection and distribution of Aedes albopictus that known as Zika and Dengue virus vector using black–light trap and BG-sentinel trap around urban area in Korea. Mosquitoes were collected in 27 cities during March to November (twice a month) year 2016. Total numbers of mosquitoes collected 102,102 including 19 species 8 genera during collecting period. Total 21,467 Ae. albopictus was collected that 20,961(24.3%) by BG-sentinel trap and 506 (3.2%) by Black-light trap in urban area. Trap index(trap/night) of Ae. albopictus was showed highest in Hamyang (TI:992.3) and lowest in Taebaek (TI:0.3) there was only collected by Black-light trap. A total of 894 pools from all collecting Ae. albopictus were performed a Flavivirus detection. Flavivirus was not detected during study period. This study may provide basic information for surveillance of imported diseases (include Zika virus) and vectors in Korea.

The toxicity of neem extracts that induce abnormality and lethality is strongly enhanced by the ingestion rather than surface contact. Oral toxicity of neem extracts was analyzed using a plant sapping pest Bemisia tabaci. When adults were allowed to ingest various doses (0, 5, 10, and 50 ppm) of azadirachtin diluted in 20% sugar solution in a double-layered parafilm chamber for 72 h, mortality was 12.5, 77.5, 97.5, 100%, respectively. When a cucumber leaf which has many nymphs were submerged into the solution of neem extract, adult eclosion was decreased to 87.0, 16.6, 16.1, and 6.6%, respectively. Further, when neem extracts were irrigated into the tomato cultivar the average number of nymphs per leaf was decreased to 60.3% in comparison with the untreated control. These result suggest that systemic treatment of neem extracts was effective for the control of whiteflies as well as other sucking insect pests.

Our understanding of dust emission, interaction, and evolution, is evolving. In recent years, electric dipole emission by spinning dust has been suggested to explain the anomalous microwave excess (AME), appearing between 10 and 90 Ghz. The observed frequencies suggest that spinning grains should be on the order of 10nm in size, hinting at polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules (PAHs). We present data from the AKARI/Infrared Camera (IRC) due to its high sensitivity to the PAH bands. By inspecting the IRC data for a few AME regions, we nd a preliminary indication that regions well-tted by a spinning- dust model have a higher 9 m than 18 m intensity vs. non-spinning-dust regions. Ongoing eorts to improve the analysis by using DustEM and including data from the AKARI Far Infrared Surveyor (FIS), IRAS, and Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) are described.

A total of nine Korean indigenous goats were used in a cross-over arrangement to give nine replicates per treatment, and they were housed individually assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments. Nine treatments were 0, 500, and 1000 ppm of quercetin supplementation in diets by mixing roughage and concentrate with different ratios (RC ratio) of 3:7 (RC 30), 5:5 (RC 50) and 7:3 (RC 70). Nutrient utilizations of dry matter, crude fat and NDF were not affected by neither RC ratio nor dietary quercetin (p>0.05), but the rate of crude protein and ADF increased in animals in RC 70 group regardless of quercetin supplementation (p<0.05). In addition, higher RC ratio increased (p<0.05) N retention and N retention rate. Total VFA, acetic acid, propionic acid, iso-butyric acid, butyric acid, iso-valeric acid and valeric acid contents were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary quercetin. Meanwhile, lower total cholesterol level exhibited in animals in RC 70 group compared to RC 30 or 50 groups, unrelated to dietary quercetin (p<0.05), however other plasma parameters were not influenced (p>0.05) by RC ratio and dietary quercetin. Our results indicated that both RC ratio and dietary quercetin may not directly affect the production indices and immune responses in Korean indigenous goat

본 연구는 LS-DYNA 971 을 이용하여 내빙 구조 선박과 빙산 모형 간의 충돌 시험을 수행 후 북극해 운항 선박의 내빙 능력을 분석하였다. 국제선급연합회(IACS)의 Unified Requirements for Polar ship(URI) 규정을 바탕으로 FEM 선박 모형에 내빙 구조를 적용하였으며, 빙산 모형에는 Elastic-perfect plastic 물성과 Tsai-Wu 항복 곡면을 적용하였다. 또한 실험 결과 비교를 위하여 내빙 구조를 갖추지 않은 일반 선박 모형과의 충돌 시험도 수행하였다. 실험 결과 일반 구조 선박의 구형 선수에 빙산 모형에 의해 움푹 들어간 약 1.8 미터 깊이의 선체 손상이 발생하였으나, 내빙 구조 선박의 충돌에서는 약 1.0 미터 깊이의 선체 손상만이 발생하였다. 또한 일반 구조 선박과 충돌한 빙산모형은 원형의 상태를 거의 유지한 반면, 내빙 구조 선박과 충돌한 빙산 모형은 내빙 구조의 구형 선수에 의해 빙산이 일부 파괴되는 현상이 발견되었다.

목 적: 한국안경광학과 평가인증원 설립에 관한 타당성과 향후 평가인증원의 설립과 운영정책 및 방향 설정의 기초자료로 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 방 법: 2015년도 12월 5일부터 15일간 전국의 안경광학과 교수 91명(남자 31명(34.1%), 여자 60명 (65.9%))을 대상으로 구조화된 검사지(Structured Questionnaire)를 이용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문 지는 SPSS 15.0 사회과학통계프로그램을 이용하여, 빈도분석, 평균 등의 통계분석을 실시하였다. 결 과: 안경광학과 평가인증원의 설립이 필요하다는 응답이 72명(80.5%), 아니오가 16명(17.8%)으로 나 타났으며, 평가인증원 설립의 필요성은 타 기관에서 설립되어 운영되는 경우 안경광학과의 정체성 위협에 대비하여 필요가 35명(47.9%), 의료 직종과의 업무범위 논의 및 업무범위 확대를 위해 필요가 20명(27.4%), 교육품질 향상을 위해 필요가 13명(17.8%)으로 나타났다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과를 통해 고등교육법이 개정됨으로써 의료인 양성 교육과정을 운영하는 대학은 의무적 으로 평가인증에 받아야 함에 따라 타 직종과 차별화된 선제적인 대응을 위해 안경광학과 평가인증원 설립이 필요하며, 장기적으로는 안경광학과의 교육에 대한 지속적인 품질 개선 및 보증을 위해 한국안경광학과 평가 인증원 설립이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 한국안경광학과 평가인증원의 설립형태 및 구성방법은 독립적이 고 객관적인 업무 수행이 가능한 독립법인형태와 인적구성을 희망하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

We conducted a investigation for distribution and flavivirus infection of mosquitoes using black –light trap around Incheon international airport there was possible overseas inflow caused by global warming in Korea. Mosquitoes were collected once a week April to October during 6 years (2009~2015). The numbers of mosquitoes collected in Oseong and Eurwang mountain were 8,969 and 7,978 including 12 species 7 genera respectively during collecting period. Culex pipiens complex was dominant species in two collecting area as 4,621(51.5%) in Oseong and 3,761(47.1%) in Eurwang mountain. A total of 16 pools from 88 Aedes albopictus were performed a Dengue virus (DENV) detection and total 628 pools from 11,146 other mosquitoes performed a West nile virus (WNV) detection. Flavivirus was not detected during study period. This study may provide basic information for surveillance of imported diseases and vectors in Korea.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a rapid, specific, cost-effective detection method by amplifying nucleic acid under isothermal conditions. In this study, we used LAMP for detection of Hamiltonella defensa that lives as a facultive endosymbiont of whitefly ‘Bemisia tabaci’. We designed the Hamiltonella-specific primers by targeting 16S ribosomal RNA gene and validated the specificity of one primer set. To find the optimum temperature for our primer set, the LAMP reaction was held at the temperature, 60℃, 62℃ and 65℃. As a result, 62℃ was the optimum reation temperature for LAMP reaction. Specificity of primer set was tested by the reaction to both Trialeurodes vaporariorum and B. tabaci. After the whole procedure, the amplicons by LAMP were visualized by adding SYBR Green to the reaction tube.

Genus Phytocoris Fallén, 1814 is the largest genus among Heteroptera, around 700 species are described worldwide. In this presentation, the genus Phytocoris from Korean Peninsula is reviewed for the first time with eight species, includes one new record, P. minakatai and one new species, P. goryeonus sp. nov. For further comprehension of this genus, figures of dorsal habitus, genitalia and diagnosis of each Phytocoris species are provided.

Determined according to urban parks and green urban planning, urban planning facilities are established in accordance with the “National Land Planning and Utilization Act.” The designation of land use is accompanied by certain restrictions, and urban planning facilities are provided for cases that are based on the expropriation or use of land property rights, such as the result of enforcement. The property rights and time of certain individuals may even be sacrificed to ensure the enforcement of a project, but it is uncertain whether the Constitutional Court ruling on the Constitution was administrative or opportunistic with regard to the practice bar. This study is based on case studies, and consideration is given to working out a long-term solution to the problem of urban parks owned by local governments, and the budget reality. In terms of presenting evidence, 248 response measures will be provided among the as-yet non-constructed parks in the city of Daejeon, where a park is likely to lose its qualification analysis and assessment system to cope with the indicators elicited for the sake of prioritization. According to these new evaluation criteria, the priority order of long-term unexecuted urban parks in the city of Daejeon is as follows. Gayang Birae, Guam, Daesa, Sajeong, Hodong, and Hoedeok neighborhood park were evaluated in the order.

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in maxilla is a rare and benign lesion but shows extensive bony destruction, occasionally accompanied with secondary osseous lesions, i.e., central giant cell granuloma, ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, etc. As the pathogenesis of ABC has not been clearly defined, ABC is diagnostically challenged due to its variable histological features. A 17-year-old boy showed a huge radiolucent lesion at right anterior maxilla, which was accidentally found in routine dental-radiological examination for orthodontic treatment. He had no medical history of systemic disease, and did not remember any traumatic experience on his right anterior maxilla. The radiolucent lesion involved periapical area from right central incisor to right first premolar, and was clinically diagnosed as odontogenic keratocyst. During surgical operation a cyst-like sac was enucleated with severe hemorrhage. In the histological observation the thick fibrous sac showed no lining epithelium, and its luminal side disclosed multiple aneurysmal spaces which were shrunken and almost obliterated. The fibrous sac itself was hyperplastic with abundant vascular channels, and produced fibromatous thickening associated with ossifying trabecular bones. This fibro-osseous tissue was hamartomatous, which was not directly connected and organized with marrow bone of maxilla. Finally, the present case was diagnosed as secondary type ABC differentially from traumatic bone cyst (TBC), odontogenic cyst, and central reparative granuloma. And it was presumed that the hamartomatous proliferation of fibro-osseous tissue in the cystic sac of ABC could produce the swelling pressure effect in the bone marrow similar to the overgrowth of central giant cell granuloma, ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, etc., in the secondary type ABC.

This research aims to examine the effects of national culture and leadership style on safety performance in bulk shipping companies. Survey data collected from 322 respondents working in dry bulk carriers was used, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influence of national culture and leadership styles (i.e. transformational, passive management, and contingent reward) on safety attitude and safety behavior. The results indicate that national culture dimensions such as power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and long-term orientation had a positive influence on safety behaviour. Long-term orientation had a positive influence on safety attitude, whereas masculinity had a negative influence on safety attitude of seafarers. Specifically, this research found that transformational leadership had a positive influence on safety attitude and safety behaviour of seafarers. Moreover, practical implication from the research findings to improve ship safety in dry bulk shipping were discussed.