Green tea polyphenol (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant with protective effects against neurotoxicity. However, it is currently unclear whether EGCG protects neuronal cells against radiation-induced damage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of EGCG on ultraviolet (UV)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells. The effects of UV irradiation included apoptotic cell death, which was associated with DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhanced caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. UV irradiation also increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and mitochondrial pathway-associated cytochrome c expression. However, pretreatment with EGCG before UV exposure markedly decreased UV-induced DNA fragmentation and ROS production. Furthermore, the UV irradiationinduced increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c upregulation, and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation were each ameliorated by EGCG pretreatment. Additionally, EGCG suppressed UV-induced phosphorylation of p38 and rescued UV-downregulated phosphorylation of ERK. Taken together, these results suggest that EGCG prevents UV irradiationinduced apoptosis in PC12 cells by scavenging ROS and inhibiting the mitochondrial pathways known to play a crucial role in apoptosis. In addition, EGCG inhibits UV-induced apoptosis via JNK inactivation and ERK activation in PC12 cells. Thus, EGCG represents a potential neuroprotective agent that could be applied to prevent neuronal cell death induced by UV irradiation.

The purpose of this study was to develop synbiotic materials and to apply them to the puffed grain products using electrostatic spraying technology. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Kimchi and selected through tests of acid resistance, bile salt resistance and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. The isolated Lactobacillus brevis CFM21 produced highest GABA production up to a concentration of 926.42 μg/mL when grown in MRS broth containing 0.8% MSG. The possibility of coated grains as a prebiotic material was evaluated Confocal laser scanning micro scopy (CLSM). Rice bran extract containing 2% dextrose, 2% soytone, 0.2% potassium chloride, 0.6% MSG was produced 524.77 μg/mL of GABA. Citrus sinensis oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against Clostridium perfringens Electrostatic spray showed much higher effectiveness than conventional spray in coating the puffed grain product through CLSM. Applying Rice bran culture and Citrus sinensis oil to puffed grain product using electrostatic spray could contribute to promote intestinal health of consumers.

Online search advertising (aka, sponsored or paid search advertising) is a technology that any matched advertisement is displayed on Web pages as online users’ query results from search engines and Web portals (e.g., Google, Bing, Baidu, Naver, and Yahoo!). In specific, after online users type search keywords on the search box (at this stage, online users become searchers), search engines match users’ query texts to phrases included in search advertisement. Then, if an advertiser’s investment on her/his search advertisement is high enough, the advertisement is likely to be displayed on a search engine results (called “impression”) (Hanson and Kalyanam 2007; Jansen et al. 2009; Jansen and Clark 2017; Moore, Stammerjohan, and Coulter 2005). Once a searcher clicks a displayed advertisement and arrives on the advertiser’s landing page, s/he becomes a visitor by clicking the impression. As benefits of utilizing search keywords, online search advertising can reduce search costs and increase information accessibility by potential customers. In addition, because online search advertising provides relevant search results based on the users’ own queries, it is considered less intrusive than banner advertisement and widely used by many marketers (Ghose and Yang 2009; Johnson, Bruner, and Kumar 2006; Quinton and Khan 2009; Rangaswamy, Giles, and Seres 2009; Yang and Ghose 2010).

본 연구는 원통형 종이포트 토마토 육묘시 Diniconazole의 처리방법이 도장억제 및 근권발달에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. 그 결과, 엽면적, LAR, 초장, 충실도, 생체중, RGR 및 R/S 에서 시험구간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 동일한 농도를 처리했을 경우, 근권부와 지상부의 흡수도 차이로 인해 저면관수가 엽면살포에 비해 도장억제에 효과적이었다. 저면관수는 엽면시비의 10분의 1의 농도만으로도, 20~30%정도의 동일한 도장억제 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 디니코나졸 처리에의한 근권부 반응이 흥미로웠는데, 저면관수시 총근장, 근권부피, 평균 근경 및 근단수가 증가하였다. 특히, 0.3mm 이하의 초미세근이 감소하고 0.3~0.6mm의 세근이 증가하였다. 따라서 원통형 종이포트 육묘시 저면관수를 하는 것이 기존 엽면시비에 비해 사용량이 적으면서도 도장억제 및 근권부 활착률을 높힐 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Central odontogenic fibroma(COF) is a very rare benign tumor that accounts for 0.1-1.5% of all odontogenic tumors. Most COF develop in the molar-premolar region in the mandible and anterior to the first molar in the maxilla. Radiographically, the lesions appear as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucent image. Some maxillary lesions have cleft like depression in the palatal mucosa are found. This report presents a COF with external root resorption and palatal soft tissue depression on CBCT images. A 27-year-old man referred for evaluation of unilocular radiolucent lesion with external root resorption in the right anterior maxillary region. On clinical examination, the right anterior maxillary teeth responded positive to the cold stimulus and its response to the vitality test remained within the normal range. On radiographic examination, osteolytic lesion with external root resorption and palatal mucosa depression as a radiolucent shadow. After excisional biopsy, the lesion was diagnosed as COF in histopathologic examination. There was no recurrence at a follow-up 10 months.