지진하중에 대한 구조물의 동적 거동과 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여 유사동적실험기법이 흔히 사용되고 있으나, 실험장비의 제약과 구조물의 규모 등으로 대부분 축소모형실험에 의존하고 있다. 그러나 일반적인 상사법칙은 탄성범위에서 유도된 것으로 지진거동과 같은 비탄성 거동을 예측하는 경우에는 한계가 있기 때문에 축소모형의 실험결과를 원형 구조물에 직접 적용하는 것은 많은 주의가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 원형구조물과 축소모형에 대한 철골모형을 실험 대상으로 하여 실제 축소모형 실험결과로부터 원형구조물의 거동을 예측하는 경우의 문제점을 확인하고, 그 해결방법을 모색하고자 한다. 실제로 축소모형실험에서는 원형구조물의 경계조건을 정확히 재현하기 어려우며, 축소모형의 제작과정과 실험과정에서의 모든 오차가 강성의 변화로 반영되어 나타난다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기하학적 상사율과 축소모형의 변화된 강성비를 함께 고려한 수정된 상사법칙을 제안하였으며, 수정된 상사법칙이 적용된 축소모형에 대하여 유사동적실험을 수행하여 지진응답결과를 원형구조물의 결과와 비교하였다. 축소모형에 대한 유사동적실험결과로부터 제안된 상사법칙을 적용함으로써 원형구조물의 지진응답 재현이 효과적임을 입증하였다.

A baffle system for an airglow photometer, which will be on board the Korea Sounding Rocket-III(KSR-III), has been designed to suppress strong solar scattered lights from the atmosphere below the earth limb. Basic principles for designing a baffle system, such as determination of baffle dimensions, arrangement of vanes inside a baffle tube, and coating of surfaces, have been reviewed from the literature. By considering the constraints of the payload size of the KSR-III and the incident angle of solar light scattered from the earth limb, we first determined dimensions of a two-stage baffle tube for the airglow photometer. We then calculated positions and heights of vanes to prohibit diffusely reflected lights inside the baffle tube from entering into the photometer. In order to evaluate performance of the designed baffle system, we have developed a ray tracing program using a Monte Carlo method. The program computed attenuation factors of the baffle system on the order of 10 -6 for angles larger than 10°, which satisfies the requirements of the KSR-III airglow experiment. We have also measured the attenuation factors for an engineering model of the baffle system with a simple collimating beam apparatus, and confirmed the attenuation factors up to about 10 -4. Limitation of the apparatus does not allow to make more accurate measurements of the attenuation factors.

본 연구의 목적은 다문화가족지원법 법안 네트워크의 구조적 변수와 가설검증에 기초를 두고 공동발의 네트워크 존립에 대한 기여도를 알아보고자 한다. 19대 국회의원의 다문화 가족지원 관련법 발의 법안들을 대상으로 하여 지수랜덤그래프모형(이하 ERGM)을 활용하였다. 본 연구에서는 국회 의안정보시스템을 통해 정보를 활용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 호혜성 변수는 통계학으로 유의미하였으며, 연구가설과 정적인 관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 호혜성은 공동발의 네트워크 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 확산경향은 모든 모형에서 통계적으로 유의미하였으며, 연구가설과 정적인 관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 확산경향은 공동발의 네트워크 구성에 의미 있는 변수임을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 인기도 역시 모든 모형에서 통계적으로 유의하였다. 인기도는 법안의 전문성을 고려하면 협력 네트워크 존립에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 이행성 변수는 통계적 유의성을 확보하지 못하여 이행성이 다문화가족지원법 법안 존립에 긍정적인 기여를 할 것이라는 연구가설은 기각되었다. 연구가설과 상반된 이 결과에 대해서는 향후 추가적인 검증이 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

방사선작업종사자 및 방사선작업장의 위험성은 주로 피폭선량 값으로 평가되고 있다. 하지만, 방사선작업장은 사용하는 방사선 및 작업환경이 상이하다. 특히, 방사선투과검사작업장은 작업대상물, 차폐체 사용 가능 유무 등에 따라 작업환경이 다양하다. 따라서 효율적인 방사선 방호를 위해서는 여러 가지 인자들을 검토하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 전문가 및 조장 방사선작업종사자들 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였으며, 그 결과, 방사선원, 방사선피폭선량, 작업장관리현황, 판독특이자, 정기검사현황이 주요인자로 선정되었다. 또한, 설문조사 중요도를 바탕으로 1차 가중치(안)을 설정한 후 2차적으로 전문가 자문을 통해 인자 내 세부 항목별 가중치를 선정하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 선정된 주요인자를 바탕으로 하여 방사선투과검사작 업장 위해도 지수 모델 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Dendropanax morbifera Leveille (Araliaceae) is an endemic species growing in the south-western part of South Korea that has been used in folk medicine and health functional food. In this study, we investigated an extract of quercetin in Jeju D. morbifera by varying different parts (fruit, sprouts, leaves, sprigs, and branches), harvest times, and extraction solvents. In addition, we aimed to establish a simple and reliable HPLC/UV analytical method to determination of quercetin for the quality control and base line data of the Jeju D. morbifera extract as a health functional food ingredient. The analytical specificity was determined with retention time and photo diode array (PDA) spectrum by analyzing quercetin using HPLC and comparing the results to those of extracts. This analytical method for quercetin was validated for its limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. A high linearity in the standard calibration curve was obtained, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9996. Also, the LOD and LOQ values were found to be 0.28 μg/mL and 0.85 μg/mL, respectively, and the recoveries of quantified compounds ranged from 97.91% to 104.10%. Furthermore, the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of data from the intra- and inter-day precision analyses were less than 1.36% and 3.65%, respectively. As a result, the highest quercetin content among the extracts of Jeju D. morbifera leaves was found to be 20.14 mg/g, which was extracted at harvest in May (cultivation period 10 years) with 60% EtOH. All in all, we believe that the results obtained would be helpful in the development of nutraceutics and natural medicines and for the quality control of D. morbifera.

This study was conducted to compare the volatile flavor compounds of Artemisia annua L. after extraction by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) and solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Via SDE and SPME processes, 79 (1,254.00 mg/kg) and 39 (488.74 mg/kg) compounds were identified respectively. The compounds extracted by SDE included 27 alcohols, 13 aldehydes, 22 hydrocarbons, 3 esters, 12 ketones, 1 oxide and 1 N-containing compound, on the other hand, using the SPME method, 7 alcohols, 5 aldehydes, 1 ester, 18 hydrocarbons, 7 ketones, and 1 oxide were extracted. The major volatile flavor compounds of Artemisia annua L. isolated by the two methods were caryophyllene oxide, -caryophyllene, camphor, -selinene, -muurolene, 1,8-cineol, (E)-pinocarveol and pinocarvone. β β γ The sesquiterpene named caryophyllene oxide was the most abundant volatile flavor compound with relative contents of 234.16 mg/kg and 195.44 mg/kg obtained by the SDE and SPME methods, respectively. Among the identified volatiles, sabinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, yomogi alcohol, myrtenol, (Z)-nerolidol, p-cymen-8-ol and eugenol were detected by the SDE method only while (E)-anethole and α-cubebene were detected by the SPME method only. This study confirmed that the composition and contents of the volatile flavor compounds vary between different extraction methods. More volatile flavor compounds were identified using the SDE method than the SPME method.

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic effects of leaves, stems, and roots in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius). Antibacterial activity of leaf extract by disk diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli respectively showed 13.3 and 13.75mm diameters of clear zone. There was no significant difference between the stems and leaves. The minimum inhibitory concentration of leaves’ heating and agitation extraction showed a restrain of strain at 1mg/ml, but the stems and root extract did not appear. Yacon is a functional antibacterial material, and methanol extraction is more effective than water. This research was to investigate the growth stage of collection has the most effective antibacterial effects. It has collected yacon's leaves from June to October, which is an appropriate time for collection right before reaping. Yacon leaf has antibacterial effects on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Salmonella enteritifis. There were no significant differences by the growth stage of collection. Leaves collected in July are high in phenol which helps in sulfating activity works well considering the high scavenging capability of DPPH. Leaves collected in September are high in total flavonoid.

Background : For the GAP standard cultivation, weed occurrence pattern was investigated by planting density and mulching method of Bupleurum falcatum L. Methods and Results : Vinyl and rice straw were used for mulching. The planting density were 10, 20, and 30 cm, and the spacing between plants were 5 ㎝. The amount of weed emergence were examined twice at the end of July and at the end of September. The degree of importance was based on the Braun-Branquet’s dominance value distinction criterion. As a result, the kind of total weeds emerged during the cultivation of Bupleurum falcatum L. were identified as 20 species in 10 families. Amount of weed’s occurrence were the highest in rice straw covering after 10 × 5 ㎝ sowing, and it were lowest in vinyl mulching after 30 × 5 ㎝ sowing. The frequency of weed emergence was highest with 10 species of 8 families in rice straw mulching treatment. On the other hand, the treatment with the least emergence frequency of weeds was 30 × 5 ㎝ sowing after vinyl mulching, and weeds of 7 species of 6 families appeared. In the second survey in September, weeds of 15 species in 9 families were identified in the test field. The amount of weed’s occurrence were the highest in rice straw mulching after 10 × 5 ㎝ sowing, and it were the least in the case of vinyl mulching after 30 × 5 ㎝ sowing. The frequency of emergence of weeds was highest in rice straw mulching after 20 × 5 ㎝ sowing, and the kind of weeds were 11 species of 8 families. The treatment of the lowest emergence frequency of weeds was 30 × 5 ㎝ sowing after vinyl mulching. Three kinds of weeds occurred. Conclusion : From the above results, it is expected that we can suppress the weed occurrence at the planting density of 30 × 5 ㎝ after vinyl mulching at the sowing of Bupleurum falcatum L.

On June 14, 2008 (the first experiment) and July 24, 2008 (the second experiment), the shores of the Boseong River and the sandy beaches, Seokgok-myun, Moksadong-myun, Gokseong-gun in Jeollanam Province were investigated and a total of 29 soft-shelled turtle (Tryonyx sinensis) eggs in the natural spawning nest eggs were collected (13 eggs were collected in the first experiment and 16 eggs in the second experiment). The temperatures in the natural spawning nests were 25.9- 36.9±0.5℃, the depth of the eggs was 5.2-7.5±0.5 cm as the distance of the average 6.4±0.5 cm. 29 eggs were scattered at least 0.2 cm interval. Artificial incubation of 29 eggs was conducted in artificial nest boxes in thermo-plastic composition of the incubator, and then incubated at 26.5-35.5±0.5℃, and an average constant temperature was 31.2-32.1±1.0℃. The incubation days ranged from 53 to 55. In case of most turtles, incubation at 31℃ (higher temperatures) generally produces all or mostly females, while incubation at 25℃(cooler temperatures) produces all or mostly males. Exceptionally, in case of genus Trionyx, the sex ratio of female : male of T. sinensis of a freshwater soft-shelled turtle was approximately 1:1, which differs from other genera of turtles and makes T. sinensis Strauch only turtles presently known to lack temperature-dependent sex determination.

The study aimed to evaluate the usability of sterile bag collection (SBC) urinalysis and urine culture for diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTI). Urine culture is key for diagnosing UTI, and transurethral catheterization (TUC) or suprapubic aspiration is recommended for non-toilet-trained children. Although urine testing using SBC is non-invasive and easy, UTI can be diagnosed only if other criteria including clinical symptoms and positive urinalysis results are met. This study included 228 infants who were hospitalized for unexplained fever from October 2015 to June 2016. TUC culture, SBC urinalysis, and urine culture were performed for all patients. UTI was diagnosed when the TUC culture results met the criterion of ≥104 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. When UTI diagnosis was made based on SBC urine colony counts ≥105 CFU/mL, the false-positive and false-negative rates were 6.3% and 70.0%, respectively. When the criterion was set as ≥104 CFU/mL, they were 23.7% and 30.0%, respectively. When both the criteria of ≥105 CFU/mL and positive urinalysis results were met, the false-positive rate was 2.4%, and the false-negative rate was 80%. Our results suggest that diagnosing UTI using SBC urinalysis and urine culture is not useful in infants with unexplained fever.

Contaminated soils and water by heavy metals have posed a serious threat to environment and human health, which can be solved by both physicochemical and biological methods. Phytoremediation has recently become a topic of scientific research and gained much attention as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative. Many kinds of hyperaccumulator plants have been applied to deal with heavy metal contaminants such as As, Cd, Pb, Zn and various radionuclides. In recent study, a seedling vigor index (SVI) model, which uses specific hyperaccumulator plants (i.e., sunflower) as test subjects, is proposed to predict the phytotoxicity of heavy metals. However, whether this mathematical model can be commonly used has not been cleared yet. In this study, rapeseeds were treated with Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn to validate the SVI model which was proposed by some scholars previously. The phytotoxicity of heavy metal was evaluated using seed germination test and seedling length measurement. The test shows that germination percentage and seedling length decreased when heavy metal concentration increased. According to the results of regression analysis, heavy metal concentration is linear to germination percentage, root and shoot length, corresponding with SVI model. It can be concluded that the SVI estimation model obtained from sunflowers can also be applied to rapeseeds to describe the relative effects of heavy metal concentration on plants growth and development.. However, further experiments using more hyperaccumulator plants to validate the applicability of the SVI model are necessary.

Background : Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker, Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz and Peucedanum japonicum Thumberg　are a major medicinal plant in north Geungbuk province. Using medicinal plants are impotant it`s ingredient. Dry condition and stroage method are not standard manual. The ingredient variation of dry condition and stroage method were not researched. Methods and Results : Using plant material were cutivated on Gyongsangbukdo Bonghwa area. It were studied ingredient variation after dry and storage condition by HPLC methods. Major ingredient of Angelica gigas Nakai are decurusin, decurusinangelate. Heated air bulk dry get more decursin than natuarl dry and decurusinangelate of natural bulk dry was higher than heated air bulk dry. Major ingredient of Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz are imperatorin and isoimperatorin.. Imperatorin of Ostericum koreanum was highest peak on 50℃ heated-air dry after plastic bag sorage and isoimperatorin was highest peak on 40℃ heated-air dry after mountain cultivation. Imperatorin is a major ingredient Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker. Heated air bulk dry get more decursin and decursinangelate than natuarl dry and small heated-air dry. Peucedanol-7o_glucoside is a major ingredient Peucedanum japonicum Thumberg. Natural bulk dry get more peucedanol-7o_glucoside than heated-air bulk dry. Conclusion : Ingredient of Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker, Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz are different under various cutivation, drying method, storage. Diffent Ingedients of Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz were not accord it’s optical conditon.

Background : This study for the stable production and supply of seeds of Angelica gigas Nakai(Man-chu Korean Angelica), when seeds harvested using nets, seed productivity was investigated. Methods and Results : Planting density is 50 × 25cm, Fertilizer per 10a was sprayed amount of N-P2O5-K2O = 16-17-10kg. And the amount of compost per 10a was sprayed 3000kg. Seed harvesting nets were used for a time formed the endosperm of the seeds (later in mid-August to late). And net for seed production was used for onion nets (at least 13 × 18cm). Shoot growth conditions were as follows. Bolting rate was 89.0% in the untreated, the treated group was 93.1%. The length and thickness of each stem was 129.3 ~ 130.8cm, 1.8cm. The number of nodes per plant was 6.7 ~ 7.5 pieces, and the number of petiole was 14.8 ~ 15.5 per plant. The number of umbel was 10.3 ~ 11.1 piece per plant, and number of deleted umbel was 7.1 ~ 7.2 piece. Seed weight per plant was 24.2g of the net treatment, but ripening seeds 19.6g, 1000 grain weight were all treated and untreated 2.8g. The total seed weight per plant, the net treated was 24.2g, was the weight of the ripening seeds 19.6g. The weight of the ripening seeds were heavier than those of the control. However, the weight of 1000 grain were both treated and untreated 2.8g. When treated nets, the total seed yield per 10a was 88.0kg production, increased by 60.9% compared to untreated. In addition, the ripening seed production per 10a was 71.5kg production, increased by 50.1% compared to untreated. Researching after germination Seed Production, germination rate was 50.8% in the control group and the treatment group was 54.9%. When applying the germination rate, high-quality seed production per 10a was able to produce 39.2kg, compared to control obtain the results increased by 65%. Conclusion : Through the above results, When producing angelica seed, use of net for seed production is thought to be used as a way to prevent early shattering and insect damage.(True bug, etc.).

We present proton-induced single event effects (SEEs) and γ-ray-induced total ionizing dose (TID) data for 1 Gbit lowpower double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (LPDDR SDRAM) fabricated on a 5 μm epitaxial layer (54 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology). We compare our radiation tolerance data for LPDDR SDRAM with those of general DDR SDRAM. The data confirms that our devices under test (DUTs) are potential candidates for space flight applications.

Background : Water uptake and flow across cellular membranes is a fundamental requirement for plant growth and development, and plant water status is important not only for plant growth under favorable conditions but also for ability of a plant to tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Thus identification of plasma membrane water channel genes (aquaporins) in ginseng provides extensive information for functional studies and the development of markers for salinity stress tolerance. Methods and Results : For salinity treatment, the plants were grown for 4 weeks in culture medium gelled with 0.8% Phytoagar, and the old media were replaced with the fresh medium containing NaCl at 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mM, respectively. The samples for stress treated and non-stressed plants were collected from 6h to 72h, and frozen immediately into liquid nitrogen. According to the sequence information from the assembled transcripts, four primer pairs were designed from the aquaporin gene regions. In order to determine the pattern of aquaporins expression in ginseng seedlings to salinity stress, we conducted semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Conclusion : A tonoplast intrinsic protein 1 (TIP1)-type aquaporin is not only believed to be essential for plant life, but also to be beneficial for growth under salinity stress. Therefore, a deeper understanding of aquaporin genes in ginseng will be essential for crop improvement, which could help us to understand the molecular genetic basis for the ginseng genetic improvement and also provide the functional genetic resources for selective breeding and transgenic research.

Background : This study was carried out to understand the effect of seedling weight (SW) on growth and flowering in Panax ginseng. Methods and Results : The testing materials were Chunpoong (CP), Yunpoong (YP) and Jakyeongjong (JK). The increase of seedling (1yr) weight led to an increase in ratio of flowering plant and in number of flower per plant. The seed setting rate of two year-old plant (CP, YP, JK) increased with increase of SW at the planting time (PT) and number of flower per plant of three year-old plant (CP, YP) increased also. In the two year-old plant (JK), the ratio of three leaves per plant was 8.8, 19.6, 31.0, 42.0, 44.7 and 58.2%, respectively, in the SW of >0.6, 0.6~0.8, 0.8~1.0, 1.02~1.2, 1.2~1.4 and 1.4g<. The growth of ginseng plant was good with increase of SW at the PT. Conclusion : There was a highly positive correlation between seedling weight and flowering characteristics.