본 연구는 특수교육 관련 지표를 선정하고, 국내외 특수교육 관련 통계자료를 수집 및 비교 분석함으로써, 국가별 특수교육 현황과 한국 특수교육이 나아가야할 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 한국, 미국, 일본, 독일, 호주 총 5개국에 대한 특수교육 통계 자료를 각 국가별 교육부 또는 특수교육 관련 기관에서 보고한 통계자료를 수집하였고, 분석 지표를 기준으로 국가별 통계 자료 제시 및 통계 결과를 비교·분석하였다. 본 연구의 구체적인 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국가별로 특수교육대상자 배치 및 통합교육에 대한 통계 결과를 제시하였다. 둘째, 특수교육대 상자 현황, 특수학교 현황, 통합교육 현황, 특수교육교원 현황에 대해 한국, 미국, 일본, 독일, 호주 의 통계 결과를 비교하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 한국 특수교육 정책 및 통계조사에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

Background: This study examined the hypoglycemic and kidney protective effect of black ginseng in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods and Results: Diabetes was induced by treating mice with streptozotocin (STZ) for four weeks. In vivo studies were performed in order to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of the black ginseng prosapogenin (GBG05-FF) extract. The body weight and blood glucose level were measured. Moreover, after the mice were sacrificed, the kidneys were isolated and histological changes were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were also measured. The results showed that administration of black ginseng increased body weight. Compared to blood glucose levels in STZ mice, blood glucose levels were reduced by 48% in STZ mice supplemented with 300 ㎎/㎏ of black ginseng, and by 69% in STZ mice supplemented with 900 ㎎/㎏. Furthermore, histopathological examination of STZ mouse kidneys revealed, changes in the kidneys, epithelial cell damages, inflammatory cell infiltration and glomerulus hypertrophy. However, a significant reduction of glomerular water droplets (indicative of glomerulus hypertrophy) was observed in the kidneys of STZ mice supplemented with black ginseng extract. Conclusions: These results suggest that black prosapogenin (GBG05-FF) ginseng extract has a significant hypoglycemic effect and can be used as an anti-diabetic substance and renal protective agents as part of dietary supplements or novel drugs.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality. In search of a natural products capable of inhibiting this multidrug resistant bacteria, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of brazilein (BRZ) isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae) against 8 different strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). New antimicrobial activity was found using the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), broth dilution as well as checkerboard method. Against the 8 strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of BRZ were in the range of 62.5-500μg/mL. From those results we performed the checkerboard test to determine the synergism of BRZ in combination with Hygromycin-b (HgB) against 4 strains. The combined activity of BRZ and HgB against 4 strains resulted in a fractional inhibitory concentrations index (FICI) ranging from 0.18-0.5. The effect of BRZ with HgB was found to be synergistic. We found that BRZ reduced the MICs of HgB. BRZ and HgB could lead to the development of new combination antibiotics against MRSA infection.