This study studied the characteristics of cultured oyster marketing in Sacheon Bay. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the GULDAE aquaculture is a unique production method of Sacheon Bay. Second, oysters in Sacheon Bay were low in production, but the price was more than 70% higher than in other producing areas. Third, profit is 12.5% higher and rate of return was 179.8%. Fourth, there were more out-of-market sales than other than other producing areas, and it is a bidding method. Fifth, the marketing cost was higher than the longline hanging aquaculture; however, the advantage of price offseted this point. Although the Sacheon Bay Oyster aquaculture is small, it was confirmed that it was a producing area with high profitability and a unique marketing form from other regions. Although the Sacheon Bay Oyster culture is small, it has been confirmed that it is a producing area with high profitability and shows a unique distribution form.

The introduction of the wholesalers system is being considered from various aspects in order to improve the problems of the listed auction system of wholesale corporations. The wholesalers system is a corporation that receives designation from the creator and purchases or consigns agricultural and fishery products to wholesale or broker sales, and has the advantage of reducing the distribution stage and distribution costs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the wholesalers system introduced to improve the problems of the listed auction system of wholesale corporations through a case study of market wholesalers handling fishery products.

This study investigated whether there is a correlation between the occurrence of hazardous substances such as vibrio, norovirus, radioactivity, shellfish posion, hepatitis A, etc. and media reports, and whether the occurrence of hazardous substances and media reports affect the production, distribution and consumption of aquatic products. The main research results are as follows. First, it can be seen that there is a difference in the relationship between the occurrence of hazardous substances and media reports according to hazardous substances. Second, it suggests seen that the occurrence of hazardous substances and media reports can have a negative effect on the production and the prices of aquatic products. Third, it was found that the occurrence and reporting of hazardous substances had different effects on the distribution margin of aquatic products due to the complexity and rigidity of the distribution structure. Fourth, consumers feel a threat to aquatic products safety and significantly reduce consumption when hazardous substances occur. There is a possibility that concerns about one item may lead to a decrease in consumption of domestic and imported aquatic products that are not related at all to the occurrence of hazardous substances. In conclusion, aquatic products are exposed to various hazardous substances such as vibrio, norovirus, radioactivity, shellfish posion, and hepatitis A. It was found that the occurrence of hazardous substances and its media reports could cause damage to the fishery sector.

고대 중국에서 인간의 수명은 하늘로부터 받는 것으로서 태어나면서 정해진 수명이 있다는 운명론적 믿음이 보편적이었다. 본고에서는 꿈을 통해 예견되는 이야기들을 수록한 『몽점일지』｢수명편｣을 다루었다. 그 가운데 수명에 대한 운명론적 관념에 도 불구하고, 하늘로부터 받아 정해진 채로 타고난 수명이 인간 삶의 여러 요인으로 인해 바뀔 수 있다는 인식을 보여주는 이야기를 분석했다. 주요 작품 분석은 수명을 주고받은 이야기, 음덕을 쌓아 수명이 연장된 이야기, 그리고 고대 중국인들이 수명을 관장하는 신으로 여겼던 사명군과 함께 인간 생의 선악을 낱낱이 기록해 심판의 기준으로 삼은 생사부에 관한 이야기를 중심으로 진행하였다. 이 이야기들의 공통점 은 국가적 대의나 至孝, 至誠 등의 윤리적 가치, 선한 삶이야말로 정해진 수명도 바꿀 수 있다는 고대 중국인들의 가치를 담고 있다는 것이다. 이처럼 불로장생에 대한 인간의 욕망, 그리고 언제 다가올지 모르는 죽음에 대한 두려움을 인간 삶에 요구되는 윤리적 가치와 연계시킴으로서 善과 不善의 차이가 수명의 가감을 초래할 수 있다는 인식을 양산하게 되었다. 이러한 관념은 전통시기 중국에서 하나의 도덕률로 작용하여 실천적 삶의 기준이 되었음을 알 수 있다.

In this study, the differences of institutional development processes of fishery products wholesale markets were compared between Korea and Japan in order to suggest improvement direction of trading system in Korea. The wholesale markets have shrunk while wholesale and distribution has been becoming larger in size in both countries. A summary of differences in the wholesale market trading systems between Korea and Japan is as follows: first, middle wholesalers play pivotal roles in wholesale transaction in Korea, and wholesale corporations take such roles in Japan. Second, most wholesale corporations take charge of listing in Korea whereas such corporations are in charge of buying in Japan. Third, Korea has high proportion of auction for transactions, in contrast to Japan with high proportion of relative transactions. Forth, Korea maintains more sales within the wholesale markers and has more small and medium customers than Japan. Finally, Korea investigates inside causes to find solutions for the decreased competitive power of the wholesale market, whereas Japan copes with the problem by searching for outside customers. To seek solutions for the decreased competitiveness of Korean fishery products wholesale markets, middle wholesalers’ consignment should be limitedly allowed, and improvement direction of wholesale corporations should be investigated in the future study.

‘맹자가 아내의 무례함을 싫어하여 내쫒았다(孟子出妻)’는 이야기는 긴 역사를 통해 호사가 들의 관심을 모았다. 특히 『列女傳』, 『韓詩外傳』, 『荀子』 등 여러 문헌들 속에서는 이 고증하기 어려운 에피소드를 자신들의 논지를 강화하기 위한 하나의 전고로서 소비해왔다. 궈모뤄(郭沫若)는 역사소설 속에서 다시 이 이야기를 수양에 방해가 되는 아내의 존재를 부담스러워한 맹자의 모습으로, 그리고 그 인간적인 고뇌를 알아챈 아내가 스스로 집을 나간 것으로 재구성하였다. 그 과정에서 맹자의 고뇌, 남편에 대한 아내의 존경과 간절함, 그리고 성현이 되고자 하는 남편의 정진을 위해 선택한 희생 등 복합적인 심리들을 담아내면서 기존의 인식들을 비틀어놓았다. 亞聖으로서의 정형화된 형상을 지키기 위해 많은 이들에 의해 의도적으로 가려졌을 법한 맹자의 인간적인 모습은 궈모뤄의 서사를 통해 새롭게 다가온다. 본 논문에서 살펴본 맹자에 대한 이야기는 팩션 장르를 통해 이루어지는 고전에 대한 파격적 이해를 열어준다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있으며, 역사적 사실과 그 해석에 대한 인식의 전환이 얼마나 다양하고 유연한 이야기를 생산할 수 있는지를 시사해준다.

Seaweed by-products have been dumped into the sea and induced marine pollution. However, they can be recycled as a valuable natural resources. Approximately 240,000 tons of sea mustard and kelp by-products were estimated to be producted during the last three years. The estimate corresponds 6.7% of the total production of marine aquaculture and 14.9% of the total production of seaweeds. When adding up the by-products from fish and mollusks, approximately 1,000,000 tons of fisheries by-products were thrown out into the sea every year. A three-step strategy is required for the industralization of fisheries by-products. The first step is the construction of the processing foundation of by-products, the second is its food industralization, and the third is its recycling as raw biomaterials. The stable supply of raw materials is the prerequisite for the industralization. Thus, it is necessary to construct the refuse logistics around chief production districts and to build the processing facility and frozen storage of by-products. Cooperation among private enterprises and government investment for research and development is required the second and third steps.

This study aims to determine problems of the damage investigation system of aquaculture products resulting from natural disaster and to deduce improvement plans for such problems. The main problems revealed from this study were as follows: 1) detailed damage investigation is carried out only by one particular organization, 2) for aquaculture insurance subscribers another detailed damage investigation is conducted to reveal the causes of natural disaster by a joint investigator team formed according to a different legislation with a different purpose, 3) damage investigation is usually suffered from lack of labor, budget and time due to the restriction of natural damage to a certain period of season leading to the absence of quick reaction capability for irresistible natural disasters, and 4) there are no specified procedures and protocols for deciphering causes of a natural demage. The improvement plans to find solutions for such problems are as follows: 1) for the investigation, the object, method and role of the investigation organization should be clarified by improving the present legislation, 2) investigation methods for determining the demage causes should be systematized by making a manual to minimize disputes, and 3) supports for the investigation organization should be institutionalized to guarantee sufficient budget and manpower. Under the present circumstance with continuous natural damages, smooth procedures of damage compensation would lead to the management stability of aquaculture farms.

This study is aimed to evaluate the technology levels of shellfish farming in southern coast of Korea and status analysis on research of shellfish aquaculture. With achieving these objectives, it will be possible to present the direction of shellfish farming research and related project. Five major breed of shellfish aquaculture that would be adaptive and sustainable were proposed through consultation and agreement with professional group with more than 15 years of working experience. Moreover also evaluated that levels of technology, industry and market are also evaluated. The evaluation result of the expert group showed that the shellfish farming level occupied the third place in comparison with the US, Japan, Europe, and China. It is estimated that about 13~14 years will reach the level of the highest on average. In addition, most countries are expected to grow by about 10% on average over the next five years. Based on the result of the analysis of 670 research projects (2008~2017), there was little research on climate change and shellfish aquaculture. Besides some of shellfish have not been studied since 2008 and 2013, so it can be mentioned as a future task to be overcome.

Offshore trap fishery managers have payed in advance to attract excellent fishing crew in the minium grantee lay system. This practice can intensify competition among fishery management bodies and increase the burden of fishery manager about income tax and four social insurance programs. The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of advance payment practice in terms of fishery manager in offshore trap fishery. The main results of this study are as follows. First, under the TYPE 1 model, which is the current wage payment manner, there is a risk that fishery manager will not able to return the prepayment paid in advance when the income of fishery management bodies decrease. Second, the TYPE 2 or the TYPE 3 model which reduces or abolishes advance payment can alleviate the burden of fishery manager relative to the deduction of redemption amount, incentive to induce artificial expenses, income tax and four social insurance programs. In conclusion, advance payment practice in offshore trap fishery is placing a heavy burden on the fishery manager. In order to solve these problems in the future, we need to find solutions through similar case studies.

한국과 중국은 경제발전으로 인하여 육류 소비 패턴이 지속적으로 변화해왔다. 본 연구에서는 한국과 중국의 소비자들이 육류를 구매함에 있어 구매요인의 차이가 나타나는지, 나타난다면 그 요인의 차이가 얼마나 나는지 분석하였다. 본 연구를 위해 2017년 8월 28일부터 9월 11일까지 온라인 조사 방식으로 한국과 중국 길림성 소비자를 대상으로 동일한 내용의 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 한국 설문조사에서 339부, 중국 설문조사에서 305부를 회수하여 총 644부의 설문지를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 한․중 양국 소비자의 육류 구매요인 차를 확인하기 위하여 MANOVA분석을 이용하여 그 차이를 살펴보았다. 다음으로 Ordered Probit분석을 통해 각 육류 소비요인과 국가, 나이, 성별 등의 변수 간 차이가 있는지, 차이가 얼마인지 알아보았다. 분석결과 한국과 중국 길림성의 육류 소비요인은 마블링 요인에서만 차이 가 없는 것으로 나타났고 기타 요인에서는 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. Ordered Probit분석 결과 마블링을 제외한 모든 육류요인은 양국 간에 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 한국의 응답자의 경우 육류 구매 시 중국 길림성의 응답자보다 맛, 품질, 판매가격, 판매장소, 안전성을 더 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 중국 길림성의 응답자의 경우 한국의 응답자보다 브랜드를 더욱 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 나타났다.

Stable slurries of YSZ in aqueous suspension with added polymer dispersants, namely, poly-methacrylic acid ammonium salt (PMMA), poly-acrylic acid (PAA) and poly-acrylic-co-maleic acid (PAMA), were mixed with the monomolecular dispersants citric acid and oxalic acid. The dispersion properties of the suspension were investigated using PSA, viscosity, sedimentation, and FT-IR. The polymer dispersants and monomolecular dispersants were attached to the YSZ surface by the carboxylic group, as shown by the FTIR results. A stabilized aqueous suspension was obtained when the polymer dispersant and citric acid were mixed and compared to the use of citric acid alone as a dispersant agent. When the polymer dispersant and citric acid were mixed and milled through attrition milling, there was a smaller particle size compared to when the polymer dispersant alone was used as a dispersant agent. This study determined that the particle size of the mixed dispersant was affected by the properties of the monomolecular dispersant and that the stability of the suspension was affected by the polymer dispersant. However, when slurries of YSZ were mixed with oxalic acid, the particle bridging behavior was the result of the high degree of viscosity and the small sedimentation height.

The study analyzed the current status of fisheries port market and presented the direction of developments. The fisheries port market has become increasingly widespread due to the aging of the facilities and the scale of the fish product trade, and the number of distribution workers has also increased. The problems of fisheries port market are as follows. First, the transaction structure was changed as the proportion of aquaculture products increased. Second, the trading structure has changed, but it has failed to keep pace with the changes in the production structure. Third, the volume and amount of fish traded in aquaculture products and fish stocks increased. As a result, the growth rate of the fisheries port market is decreasing and profitability is deteriorating. The development direction of the fisheries port market is as follows. First, it is necessary to standardize the fisheries port market facilities, according to the type of fish products. Second, it needs to diversify its trade targets such as processed fish products and imported fish products. Third, it is necessary to diversify the business of the fisheries port market in order to increase profitability.

작용기작이 동일한 농약을 연속하여 사용하였을 때 방제대상이 되는 병해충·잡초 중 약제에 대한 저항력이강한 개체들만이 살아남게 되고 다음세대에서도 같은 현상이 반복된 결과 저항력이 더욱 증가되어 이전에 사용한약량으로는 병해충･잡초가 방제되지 않는 약제저항성 현상이 나타난다. 신규살충제는 시장에 판매되는 첫 해부터대상해충의 저항력이 언제 나타나는지를 파악하기 위해서 주기적인 약제저항성 모니터링을 하여야 한다. 파밤나방은파, 배추 등의 주요한 작물의 해충으로 신규 살충제들의 중요 방제대상 해충이다. 파밤나방을 이용한 약제저항성모니터링 시험을 하기 위해서는 채집지역 선정, 약제농도설정, 유충사육기술, 생사충 판단기준설정, 데이터분석프로그램운용 및 약제저항성 판정기준설정 등의 여러 요인들에 대한 기술과 관리가 요구된다. 약제저항성 모니터링시험은 장기간에 걸쳐 일관성 있게 유지되어야 하는 시험이기 때문에 종합적이고 체계적인 관리를 필요로 한다.

The buffer green space of Sihwa industrial complex is located on the boundary of residential areas and industrial areas, and this regions have been the ability to mitigate environmental impact of noise, vibration, atmospheric. In this area, the survey of vegetation and bird was conducted to understand the biology structures and function of buffer green space from biology habitats and natural recovery for ecology restoration. The survey was performed four times according to the season. As a result, vegetation were distributed to the most widely Pinus thunbergii community (72.2%) in the whole survey area (approximately 0.32 km2), and grasslands (6.6%), Amorpha fruticosa community (4.1%), Koelreuteria paniculata community (4.0%), Acer buergerianum community (3.9%) in the order of distribution. The characteristics of vegetation distribution were mainly planted Pinus thunbergii in outlying areas, and Koelreuteria paniculata, Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Quercus acutissima were planted in the middle areas. The birds observed in this area were a total of 37 species, 912 individuals, the species of legal protection were observed Falco tinnunculus 1 individuals. The most of birds observed in this area were the resident that can be observed easily in the park and greenland surrounding urban. The waterfowl almost were not observed because of lacking water space. Thus, as providing safe habitats and movement passageway of wildlife, the connection of ecological green areas will be strengthened.

The purpose of this study was to raise some questions about the supply and demand statistics of fisheries products and to find implications for food supply and demand. There are three problems in the statistics of fisheries supply and demand. First, it is a structural problem of supply and demand statistics. Supply and demand statistics are not accurate because the feed, the amount of loss, and the waste rate are not surveyed. Second, the amount of fish used as a moist pellet is missing. Third, although some of the seaweed and kelp production is used as abalone feed, it is not classified as feed. Taking these results into consideration, at least 300,000 tons should be classified as feed for fisheries supply and demand statistics. As mentioned above, the current statistics on the supply and demand of fisheries are incomplete and structural improvement is needed.

In this study, 5 um sized ZrSiO4 was ground to 1.9 um, 0.3 um, and 0.1 um sized powders by wet high energy milling process, and the sintering characteristics were observed. Pure ZrSiO4 itself can-not be sintered to these levels of theoretical density, but it was possible to sinter ZrSiO4 powder of nano-scale size of, −0.1 um to the theoretical density and to lower the sintering temperature for full density. Also, the decomposition of ZrSiO4 with a size in the micron range resulted in the formation of monoclinic ZrO2; however, in the nano sized range, the decomposition resulted in the tetragonal phase of ZrO2. So, it was possible to improve the sintering characteristics of nano-sized ZrSiO4 powders.

In this study, to increase the strength and enhance the sintering property of Al2O3, Y2O3 and La2O3 were added; the effects of these additions on the sintering characteristics of Al2O3 were observed. Adding 1 % of Y2O3 to Al2O3 repressed the development of abnormal particles and reduced the grain boundary migration of Al2O3, curbing pores to capture particles; as such, the material showed a fine microstructure. But, when over 2% of Y2O3 was added, the sintering property was reduced because of abnormal particle grain growth and pore formation in particles. Adding 1 % of Y2O3 and La2O3 to Al2O3 led to the development of abnormal particles and formed pores in the particles; when over 3% of La2O3 was added, the sintering property was reduced because the shape of the Al2O3 particles changed to angled plates.