목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중환자에서 촉각 탐색 방식과 뇌 병변부위에 따라서 뇌파활동에 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 연구대상자는 2012년 3월부터 2012년 6월까지 편마비 뇌졸중환자 21명과 정상인 23명이었다. 뇌파의 측정조건은 촉각탐색이 없는 안정 시 측정되는 안정뇌파, 수동으로 촉각 탐색 시 측정되는 수동뇌파, 능동으로 촉각 탐색시 측정되는 능동뇌파였다. 대상자를 병변부위에 따라 세 집단(오른편마비군, 왼편마비군, 정상군)으로 나누어 뇌파측정조건별 알파리듬, 중간베타리듬의 상대파워 값을 산출하였다. 각 조건, 집단 및 상호작용이 뇌파리듬에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 다요인 분산분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 뇌파활동에 미치는 영향은 세 측정조건과 세 집단에 따라 차이가 있었다. 측정조건인 촉각 탐색 방법에서는 안정과 능동조건보다 수동조건에서 알파리듬의 상대파워 값이 낮았다. 뇌 병변 부위별 집단에 따라서는 왼편마비환자에 비해 오른편마비환자와 정상군의 베타리듬 상대파워 값이 높았다. 뇌파리듬에 각 조건과 집단의 상호작용 효과는 없었다. 결론 : 뇌졸중환자의 촉각 탐색 방법과 뇌 병변 부위에 따라 뇌파활동에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 작업치료 시 촉각을 인식하는데 영향 요인인 탐색방식과 대상의 병변부위를 고려하여 과제를 제공해야 하며, 이를 적용하기 위한 신경 생리적 측면의 근거를 제시했다는데 의미가 있다고 하겠다.

As the durability, reparability and maintainability of reinforced concrete structures are emphasized, the early perfomance degradation of concrete structures becomes a serious problem. Moreover, defects in construction materials and constructions inconsistent with the design promote the degradation of perfomance. Some worst buildings have fallen into an irreparable state within a few years. In particular, carbonation in concrete structures has been handled as the most fundamental and critical factor related to the durability of reinforced concrete. As a result, there have been efforts to develop repair materials to control carbonation. As one of these efforts, alkali recovery agents have been presented as materials for increasing the re-alkalization and durability of carbonated concrete structures. However, in applying them in the field, the performance and quality of concrete recovered after an alkali recovery agent is applied has not been fully assessed. Therefore, to examine the recovered perfomance of concrete structures resulting from the application of an alkali recovery agent, the present study assessed the depth of carbonation and the degree of deterioration of 20 years or older reinforced concrete structures, and analyzed the quality of concrete after applying an alkali recovery agent to the structures. This study aimed at providing basic infomation for the application of alkali recovery agents in the fleld. In this experiment, alkali recovery agents of the lithium silicate line, which are most common in Korea, were applied and cured using concrete of the same size. The degree of recovery was investigated according to the length of time in the initial curing stage, and based on the investigation, the maintenance perfomance of the alkali recovery agent was assessed according to the age of exposure to the open air. For these tasks, this experiment sampled concrete of different degrees of deterioration, applied alkali recovery agents to them, and observed re-alkalization and changes in the internal texture of the concrete.

Concrete Carbonation is usually measured as discoloration, as it has one of strengths to be economical, and simple and immediately confirm the given results in the spot. And, when Carbonation is measured as Phenolphthalein Solution, it is possible to confirm the scope of alkali through acid and basic reaction. Then, Concrete Basic Reaction is decided according to alkali concentration depending on Potassium Hydroxide Now that Carbonation is gradually produced toward inner side from outer side, with time going by, it doesn’t work, to some adequate depth, in as fast time as compulsory facilitating test. Thus, this research thesis made a comparative analysis on concrete phenomenal discoloration borderline following Phenolphthalein Solution, as part of a bid to measure Carbonation. Also, the thesis measured 'Concrete Alkali Concentration. The result showed that concrete coloring is classified into red and scarlet according to alkali concentration, and into borderline breakpoint of the speckle of scarlet and carbonation reaction. The higher chroma becomes with concrete decolorizing, the higher alkali concentration becomes. Also, it was demonstrated that for long-term concrete discoloration borderline, discoloration degree can be determined by amounts of Potassium Hydroxide. Such result proved that limiting the extent of only red color as alkali, in the process of deciding on the scope of concrete alkali, can be served as an error in measuring service life of Concrete Carbonation.

Previous researches for increasing the durability of concrete structures examined the characteristics of concrete using glycol ether admixture, and determined the optimal addition rate and evaluated durability of concrete. However, today’ s ready mixed concrete uses various industrial byproducts in order to improve the performance of concrete, and the quality of concrete changes depending on the addition of glycol ether admixture and curing condition. Considering this, we need to understand the characteristics of curing methods according to field condition. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of replacement with fly ash as a binder and curing conditions (temperature and humidity) on the performance of concrete, and obtained data from a mock-up test for the practical use of concrete containing glycol ether admixture. According to the results of this study, the concrete showed resistance performance of around 30% to carbonation and around 40% to drying shrinkage. In addition, as for resistance to freezing and thawing, the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity was over around 85% through atmospheric curing. These performances prove the effect.

Carbonized concrete structure becomes superannuated gradually and its accelerated subsequent deterioration process leads to corrosion of steel while it ages. Recently economical and environmental concern about remodeling such superannuated concrete, including the basic structure of concrete, has been rapidly growing. Alkali restorative, which restores alkalinity in carbonized concrete structure, is used in the field of remodeling in order to improve the property of concrete structure. There have been many different kinds of materials which restore alkalinity in carbonized concrete. They can be classified according to their structural elements. This study focuses on the alkali restorative which mainly consists of silicic lithium metallic salt while examining the durable effectiveness of the factors (such as water permeation, surface erosion, elution of alkali, etc.), which will continuously affect concrete as deteriorating factors even after the restoration of alkali. The result shows that the alkali restorative consisting mainly of silicic lithium contributes to water-resistance, surface strength, and long term durability of alkali due to water permeation in carbonized concrete.

Carbonation in concrete structures has been handled as the most fundamental and critical factor related to the durability of reinforced concrete. As a result, there have been efforts to develop repair materials to control carbonation As one of these efforts, alkali recovery agents have been presented as materials for increasing the re-alkalization and durability of carbonated concrete structures. However, in applying them in the field, the performance and quality of concrete recovered after an alkali recovery agent is applied has not been fully assessed. Therefore, to examine the recovered performance of concrete structures resulting from the application of an alkali recovery agent, the present study assessed the depth of carbonation and the degree of deterioration of 20 years or older reinforced concrete structures, and analyzed the quality of concrete after applying an alkali recovery agent to the structures. This study aimed at providing basic information for the application of alkali recovery agents in the field. In this experiment, alkali recovery agents of the lithium silicate line, which are most common in Korea, were applied and cured using concrete of the same size. The degree of recovery was investigated according to the length of time in the initial curing stage, and based on the investigation, the maintenance performance of the alkali recovery agent was assessed according to the age of exposure to the open air. For these tasks, this experiment sampled concrete of different degrees of deterioration, applied alkali recovery agents to them, and observed re-alkalization and changes in the internal texture of the concrete.

This study aims to describe social concerns with the handicapped reflected in editorials in Korean daily newspapers. Data were derived from the editorial articles dealing with the handicapped that appeared in two main newspapers in Korea, The Dong-A Ilbo and The Chosun Ilbo, for the past thirty-one years from January 1, 1970, to December 31, 2000. The contents analysis of the editorials was conducted based on three categories: types of the disabilities, contents of the articles with respect to social environment and rehabilitation for the whole person, and reporting disposition of the editorials. The results are summarized as follows: The results did not show any significant pattern in quantitative change of editorials. For the monthly distribution of the editorials, it was shown that the newspapers commented on the handicapped most frequently in April and December the month in which public attention was most directed to the disadvantaged. A pattern was observed in terms of temporal changes in social concerns and attitude toward the handicapped. While social concerns with physical and social cognitive environments tended to increase, those with medical and educational rehabilitation tended to decrease.

This paper is an effort to describe dietary behaviors to keep them healthy among adults. A probability sample was drawn from residents aged between 15 and 60 living in Ulsan City area through a multi-staged cluster sampling method. The data collected by face-to-face interview includes 1,232 respondents. Both univariate and bivariate analyses were employed to describe the dietary behaviors. The dietary behaviors in this study includes preference of taking fat-part of meat, fried food, salty food, hot-taste food, drinking coffee and milk, and taking supplementary medicine. About half of the respondents reported to take fat removed when eating meat, and more than 68% of them preferred not to take any kinds of fried food. With respect to preference of salty and hot-taste food, 39.6% of the respondents take medium-salty and 39.4% do hot-taste food. A third of the respondents drink two-four cups of coffee a day. Those who reported not to drink milk at all were prevalent(37.4% of the respondents) than expected. However, less than 20% of the respondents reported to have any kinds of supplementary health food in a year. These dietary behaviors were examined by sociodemographic characteristics for bivariate analyses.

The six polysaccharide fractions were prepared by chromatographic procedure from the hot water extractsof the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus. These six polysaccharides from aboveground parts of Astragalusmembranaceus Bunge were tested for gut-mucosal immune activity and acute toxicity. In a view of molecular weight, the sixfractions were estimated to be 75000, 88000, 129000 and 345000 Da, respectively. Component sugar analysis indicated thatthese fractions were mainly consisted of galactose (46.3~11.8%) and arabinose (35.4~9.9%) in addition to glucose,rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. Among the six major purifiedpolysaccharides, AMA-1-b-PS2 showed highest bone merrow cell proliferation and lymphocyte of Peyer's patch stimulatingactivity. It may be concluded that intestinal immune system modulating activity of aboveground parts from Astragalusmembranaceus Bunge is caused by polysaccharides having a polygalacturonan moiety with neutral sugars such as arabinoseand galactose. In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinicalsigns. The results indicated that lethal dose 50 (LD50) of water extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground partswas found to be higher than 5000㎎/㎏/day in this experiment. From the above results, we may suggest that Astragalusmembranaceus-aboveground parts might have useful as a safe material for functional food and pharmaceutics.

Pharmacological studies and clinical practices have indicated that Radix Astragali, a dried root of Astragalusmembranaceus possesses a lot of biological activities, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, tonic, diuretic,antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunological activities. These biological activities approved by the modern pharmacologicalstudies are mainly due to the constituents of Astragalus membranaceus including polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids,amino acids, and trace elements. In resent, the main constituents in the root part showing a lot of biological activities hasbeen isolated also from the aboveground parts such as leaves and sprouts in our laboratory. However, the safety evaluationfor the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus should be checked before expanding their application as one of food.In the study, a 90-day rat oral gavage study has been conducted with the extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-above-ground parts at doses of 1000, 3000, and 5000㎎/㎏/day. The following endpoints were evaluated: clinical observations, bodyweight, gross and microscopic pathology, clinical chemistry, and hematology. Based on the analysis of these endpoints, it wasestimated that NOEL (no observed effect level) for male rats and NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for female ratsare 5000㎎/㎏/day of the water-extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts.