Saccharomyces Cerevisiae was cultured in the malt wort added 0%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1% Chloroform - Methanol and Hexane extract of Ganoderma Lucidum. The more the quantity of Ganoderma Lucidum extract were added the more total alcohol quantity were produced during the culture. Especially higher alcohol contents were more increased about 2.2 times 0.1% added group than on control group 120 hr cultured. Ethanol product was more increased on Hexane extract added group than on Chloroform - Methanol extract added group.

No difference was observed on autoxidative stability of triacylglycerols before and after randomyl interesterification. It indicate that randomization of the glyceride composition has no significant effect on the autoxidative stability. On the other hand, the autoxidation of randomyl interesterified vegetable oil was accelerated, caused mainly by decrease of tocopherols during the series of interesterification procedures.

The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activities of Phellinus linteus (PL) and Phellinus linteus Grow in Germinated Brown Rice (BRPL). In order to effectively screen for anti-inflammatory agents, we first examined the extracts' inhibitory effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines activated with lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, we examined the inhibitory effects of the PL and BRPL extracts on pro-inflammatory factors such as NO, iNOS, TNF-α and IFN-γ in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. NO production and iNOS expression was significantly augmented in LPS treated cell, the production of NO and iNOS was greater in the BRPL than in the PL group. In addition, protein and mRNA levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in BRPL showed relatively more potent pro-inflammatory-activity inhibition compared to that of PL. These results suggest that BRPL may have significant effects on inflammatory factors, and may be a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic materials.

As forest land takes up 65% of the Korean peninsula, there have been continuing conflicts between the development and conservation of forest land. As the income level has changed over time, the usage of forest land in society has changed. There has been increasing demands for forest land for urban development and recreational use. On the other hand, a large proportion of the land is required to be preserved for the forest and the natural ecosystem in it. The existing management system for the forest land has been designed focusing on the management of the trees on the land, and not the land itself. Due to this limitation, the current management system of forest land has failed to protect the forest land from being developed indiscreetly, making it difficult to conserve and develop the forest land in an efficient way. A major question in forest land management is how to integrate economic use activities with the supporting ecosystems to maximize performance of the ecological-economic system. In order to promote sustainable use of forest resources, and to achieve efficient forest land management, it is prerequisite to evaluation on forest resources of natural ecosystems. Quantitative measures are needed that signify how necessary the services and products of forested ecosystems are to human endeavors. In this study, the natural wealth provided by forest land was quantified based on emergy synthesis. Emergy is a universal measure of real wealth of the work of nature and society made on a common basis. Thus, Calculations of emergy provide a basis for making choices about environment and economy following the general public policy to maximize real wealth. The goals of forest land management to achieve balance between the ecology and economy of its integrated system and to foster equity among the diverse outcomes of the forest land were assessed with emergy. Emergy was demonstrated to holistically integrated and quantify the interconnections of a coupled nature-human system allowing the goals of ecological balance and outcome equity to be measured quantitatively. Doing so will provide a better understanding of the basis of forest land wealth and the consequences of management decisions.

5개 국립사범대학의 학부과정의 영어교육과정을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 몇가지 문제점을 발견할 수 있었다. (1)우수한 중등학교 영어교원을 양성한다고 하는 영어교육과의 본래의 목적에 부합이 잘 되지않고 있다. 즉 각 대학의 전공과정 이수학점을 60학점으로 환산했을? 영어의 실제적 운용능력 부문에 평균10학점 만을 배당하여 이 방면의 교육이 소홀히 되고 있다. (2) 60학점중 평균24학점을 영미문학에 배정함으로써 순수이론 즉 영미문학 쪽을 지나치게 강조하고 있다.(3)영어영문학과의 교육과정과 대동소이하여 영어교육과의 교육과정으로서의 특성이 매우 희박하다. (4)교육과정의 내용 구조면에서 교과영역간의 균형이 잡혀있지 않고 있다. 즉 일반적으로 청해법지도가 경시되어 있고, 필수·선택간의 비율이 조화를 이루지 못하고 있다. (5)일반적으로 중등학교 영어교육과정과의 연계성이 극히 부족하다. 교육대학원의 경우도 학부의 경우와 유사한 문제점을 안고있는 것으로 분석된다. (1)교과교육학 및 영어운용능력지도법 등에 대한 배려가 부족하여 교육현장과의 연계성이 부족하다. (2)영미문학계열의 학과목이 과다하여 일반대학원의 영어교육과정과 흡사하다. 교육대학원의 영어교육과정으로서의 특색이 별로 없다. (3)대부분의 교과목이 학부과정 교과목의 반복에 불과하다. (4)각 교육대학원개설과목간의 공통성이 매우 약하다. (5)교과목이 지나치게 세분화되어 있다. 이상과 같은 학부 및 대학원의 영어교육과정상의 모순점을 시정·보완하여 편성한 한국교원대학교 영어교육과정을 하나의 모형으로 간주하여 그 특색을 요약해보면 다음과 같다. 영어교육과정은 궁극적으로 영어교육과의 교육 목적을 달성하기 위하여 존재하는 것으므로 영어 교육과의 운영방침은 곧바로 영어교육과정의 운영 방침이 된다는 관점에서 몇가지 기본방침을 교육 과정편성 및 운영의 기반으로 삼았다.