The purpose of this study is to look into the weight-lightening phenomenon of the roof structure of some Hanok(韓屋), the Korean traditional houses found from the survey on the distribution and actual state of urban traditional houses existing in the whole region of Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea. As a result of judging from the pre-test of building registers for the research area, approximately 5,000 wood structure houses were found. A field data survey based on these findings showed that there are 1,752 Hanok houses. And the further classification of the Korean traditional houses by roof structure type shows that about 35% of them underwent weight lightening. While this kind of light-weight Hanok is different from the concept of traditional Hanok, they also show the survival method of Hanok that reflects the economical and technological phases of that period. It is expected that deeper understanding on the urban traditional houses will be possible through carrying out in-depth researches on techniques of the light-weight roof structure of the urban traditional houses that are supposed to have functioned as dwellings as commercial products.

This paper looked into the structure of and changes in the building process of Gijang mountain fortress and its receiving reservoir by analyzing data from an excavation investigation. The structure of the receiving reservoir may be classified into a flat form, stone sheath, floor facility, wall facility, and entry and exit facility. The flat form of the Gijang mountain fortress and receiving reservoir is round. Concerning the sectional form, the wall was obliquely excavated in the trapezoid. As a stone sheath building method, it was built by undertaking a range work of oblong stone materials in a clockwise direction on a stamped soil floor. Then, it was treated with stamping using double layers of gray clay and yellowish brown clay on the floor and the wall. Also, in a space between the stamped layers on the floor, herbal plants and a straw mat were laid for waterproofing as well as to prevent sinking. As an entry and exit facility, two facilities were confirmed symmetrically in the southeast and in the northwest. It is believed that they were built additionally during rebuilding after the initial construction. The building process was revealed to have been carried out in 8 stages. Given the structure and excavated remains, the building period is estimated to be the early to mid 7th century for the initial building, the later 9th to 11th centuries for the primary rebuilding, and the later 16th to early 17th centuries for the secondary rebuilding.

본 실험은 캄보디아 적응 사료용 옥수수 품종개발을 목적으로 2012년 위도 11.4, 경도 104.8 에 위치하고 있는 CARDI(Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute)내의 KOPIA 시험포장에서 한국, 캄보디아, 태국 등의 6품종에대하여 시험하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 재배기간 동안의 기상 및 토양특성을 보면 강우량은 2011년 538 mm와 비교해 볼 때 2012년에 252 mm 더 많이 내렸고, 8월- 9월의 강우량은 2011년보다 3배정도 많았다. 적산온도와 일사량 및 최저온도는 비슷했으나 최고온도는 2011년에는 33.3oC로 피해를 주는 온도인 35oC보다 적었지만 2012년최고온도는 41.8oC로 매우 높았다. 토양수분은 우기 동안의 집중호우로 효과적인 유지를 못하였고, 시간당 최대 43 mm씩 오는 많은 강우는 토양의 물 빠짐을 불량하게 하여 생육 및 뿌리발육에 영향을 주었다. 수량구성요소를 알 수 있는 종실중의 경우 한국품종(175 kg/10 a) ~ (242 kg/10 a)은 캄보디아품종 (395 kg/10 a)과태국품종 (580 Kg/10a )보다 낮았다. 종실중과 이삭 및 생육특성과의 상관관계를 보면 종실중과 출사일수, 간장, 착수고, 100주당 이삭수, 이삭길이, 이삭직경, 100립중 등과의 상관계수가정의 상관을 보여 이삭 및 생육특성들이 증가할 수록 수량도증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 뿌리특성인 근장, 생근중 및 건근중과 이삭 및 생육특성과의 상관계수가 정의 상관을 보여뿌리가 좋아질 수록 이삭 및 생육특성이 양호하여 결과적으로종실중이 올라가 높은 수량을 얻을 수 있었다. 근장, 생근중,건근중과 같은 뿌리특성들은 CP888이 가장 좋았고 한국품종들은 그에 비해 많이 떨어짐을 알 수 있었다. 한국품종과 CP888과의 수량차이는 생육초기에 많은 강우량으로 인한 뿌리의 습해와 최고온도가 41.8oC나 되는 고온장해 때문으로 보여졌다. 아열대 지역인 캄보디아에서 한국 사료용 옥수수인 광평옥,청안옥, 다평옥, 안다옥을 시험재배한 결과 현지에서 많이 재배되고 있는 CP888품종과는 뿌리, 생육, 이삭 등 거의 모든 특성들이 불량하여 수량이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 그 원인으로는 많은 강우와 높은 온도로 인한 뿌리의 생육장애로 추정된다. 실험 결과 한국 품종 중 캄보디아의 우기 환경에 적응할 수 있는 품종은 없는 것으로 보여지며 금후 고온과 많은강수환경에 적응 할 수 있는 품종개발이 필요하다 하겠다.

Filter and microbalance sensitivity in measuring fine particulate matter mass is greatly influenced by particulate properties and environmental factors. Temperature and humidity control inside a measuring chamber with a microbalance, and neutralization of static charges on filters are essential for consistent filter weighing. Commercial weighing chambers are expensive with a unit price of tens of millions won. This study developed an inexpensive weighing chamber for weighing fine particulate matter and evaluatedits weighing performance. A microbalance with 1 μg precision was used to measure the weight of a filter. The microbalance was set in a transparent acrylic enclosure (100 x 60 x 65 cm3) equipped with temperature and humidity control equipments. Weighing performance of the chamber was examined using Teflon filters with or without different particulate sample types. Temperature and humidity were maintained at approximately 23.2±1.2 ℃ and 36.2±1.8℃ for 8 days, respectively.

Since electrical resistivity of concrete can be measured in a more rapid and simple way than chloride diffusivity, it should be primarily regular quality control of the electrical resistivity of concrete which provides the basis for indirect of quality control of chloride diffusivity during concrete construction. This study can provide a non-destructive approach for durability design of marine concrete and it is expected that the result is subsequently used as a calibration curve for an indirect control of the chloride diffusivity based on regular measurements of the electrical resistivity during concrete construction.

The electrical resistivity of saturated concrete has been found to be a good measure of the concrete performance of chlorides. It is well known that resistivity of concrete is governed by temperature and degree of saturation strongly. The purpose of this study is to develop, design and test a surface electrical resistivity measurement protocol. The outcome of this study can provide a non-destructive approach that assists in identifying the bulk concrete resistivity which can then be correlated to chloride diffusivity