To check the linguistic features of the interviews from the humidifier disinfectant victims, the research compared the interviews with the modern spoken corpus and analyzed them in respect of vocabulary and grammar. The results are as follows. First, a common point was deduced by the lexical metaphor that the relationship between the informants and their companion animals, the victims of the case, is as close as a family member. The result is very meaningful, in that it is very rare that the materials of the lexical metaphor provide and predict the relationship between humans and companion animals. Second, the actuality of the semi-formal talk was well revealed by the grammatical feature, in terms of many fragmentary sentences and frequent uses of the ‘-haeyo’ style. However, certain types of conclusive endings such as ‘-keodeunyo’, ‘-jyo’, or ‘-jahnayo’, which are used by the speaker's assumption on the state of hearer's knowledge, were frequently used compared to the modern spoken corpus. The features of these conclusive endings assuming hearer's knowledge and ignorance show that the linguistic materials of informants implicate their intent to inform the society of the case and to get recognition from the society.

본 연구는 수형자들이 현 가석방제도에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있는지 파악하기 위해 가석방예비심사 대상자를 표집하여 가석방 제도의 운영과 관련된 여러 의견들을 알아보았다. 다양한 시설 내 의견을 수렴하기 위해 4개 교정청 산하 14개소, 409명의 가석방예비심사 대상 수형자를 대상으로 선정하였다. 가석방에 대한 수형자들의 인식을 파악하기 위해 집단설문조사를 실시하여 데이터를 수집･분석하였다. 이와 함께 사전작업으로 가석방의 요건 및 절차에 대해 살펴보고 현행 가석방제도의 집행 현황에 대해 알아보았다. 통계분석 결과를 보면, 첫째, 가석방 대상자 대부분이 재산범죄였으며, 교도소 입소 경험은 초범인 경우가 많았다. 또한 자신의 범죄에 대해 뉘우치고 있었으며, 잔여형기는 1년 미만으로 남은 형기가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말해, 초범이고 집행률이 높으며, 개전의 정이 있고, 강력범죄가 아닌 수형자인 경우 가석방이 허가될 확률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 현 가석방제도에 대한 수형자들의 인식이 어떻게 되는지를 분석한 결과, 가석방 허가기준이 엄격하고, 가석방 인원이 적다고 느끼고 있었으며, 가석방 시 제한되는 죄명이 많다고 생각하는 반면, 교정성적 채점 및 가석방 심사는 공정하게 진행되고 있다고 느끼고 있었다. 대부분의 수형자가 가석방을 허가받기 위해서 규율을 위반하지 않고 모범적인 수형생활을 하려고 노력하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유형별 가석방 허가여부를 분석한 결과, 무기수, 단기수, 보호사범 등에 대한 가석방 허가율을 확대해야 한다는 의견이 높은 반면, 성폭력 사범에 대한 가석방 확대는 반대하는 의견이 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 현 가석방제도의 개선방안을 묻는 문 항에는 가석방 심사 탈락 시 이의신청 제도가 필요하며, 가석방 신청자에 대한 개별면 담이 심층적으로 이루어져야 한다고 응답하였다. 또한, 분류처우위원회에 외부전문가 참여를 활성화하고 수형자가 직접 분류처우위원회에 출석하여 말할 기회를 제공해야 한다는 의견이 높게 나타났다. 가석방제도가 교정당국이 수용자를 관리하고 교도소 인구를 조절하는 하나의 정책으로 시행되고 있지만 수용자들이 가석방제도의 시행과정에서 느끼는 긍정적, 부정적 인식은 제도의 정당성에 영향을 미친다는 점에서 간과할 수 없는 측면이다. 제도의 시행에 있어서 제도의 대상이 어떻게 생각하는지를 파악하고 정책집행에 반영하는 것이 필요하다.

본 연구는 출소자의 낙인이 사회적 지지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 실증적인 인과관계를 규명하고, 두 변인에 영향을 미치는 회복탄력성의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하 였다. 선행연구들은 낙인을 다양한 요인들로 설명하고 있으나, 본 연구에서는 Phillips(2016)의 견해를 기초로 하였으며, 낙인의 하위척도로는 대중낙인, 개인낙인, 자기낙인으로 구분하였다. 그는 출소자들에게 자기낙인이 대중낙인에 비해 상당한 영향을 미친다고 주장하였으며, 이러한 결과는 본 연구에서도 일치되는 연구결과로 나타났다. 통계분석 결과, 첫째, 모형1에서 통제변수로 인구통계학적 변인을 투입한 결과 최종 학력, 주거, 수입이 가족의 사회적 지지에 정적(+) 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 직장동료의 사회적 지지에는 성별이 부적(-) 영향을 미쳤고, 주거, 최종학력은 정적(+) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 모형2는 모형1에 위험요인인 자기낙인, 개인낙인, 대중 낙인을 추가로 투입하여 설명력을 높였으며, 그 결과 개인낙인과 대중낙인에 비해 자기낙인이 사회적 지지에 부적(-) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 자기낙인은 사회적 지지의 하위요인인 가족과 직장동료 모두에서 부적(-) 영향을 보이는 것으 로 나타났다. 셋째, 모형3은 모형2에 보호요인인 통제성, 긍정성, 사회성을 추가적으로 투입하여 분석한 결과, 회복탄력성 하위요인인 통제성은 직장동료의 사회적 지지에, 긍정성은 가족의 사회적 지지에 정적(+) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 요약하면, 출소자에 대한 사회적 지지가 재범을 억제하는데 영향을 준다는 점을 고려할 때, 출소자에게 사회적 지지 기반을 강화하기 위한 노력들은 매우 의미 있는 작업이라 할 것이다. 특히, 출소자의 행동에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 주요타자인 가족 또는 직장동료의 사회적 지지 강화를 위한 맞춤형 프로그램의 개발 등이 요청된다.

High-resolution meteorological simulations were conducted using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with an Urban Canopy Model (UCM) in the Ulsan Metropolitan Region (UMR) where large-scale industrial facilities are located on the coast. We improved the land cover input data for the WRF-UCM by reclassifying the default urban category into four detailed areas (low and high-density residential areas, commercial areas, and industrial areas) using subdivided data (class 3) of the Environmental and Geographical Information System (EGIS). The urban area accounted for about 12% of the total UMR and the largest proportion (47.4%) was in the industrial area. Results from the WRF-UCM simulation in a summer episode with high temperatures showed that the modeled temperatures agreed greatly with the observations. Comparison with a standard WRF simulation (WRF-BASE) indicated that the temporal and spatial variations in surface air temperature in the UMR were properly captured. Specifically, the WRF-UCM reproduced daily maximum and nighttime variations in air temperature very well, indicating that our model can improve the accuracy of temperature simulation for a summer heatwave. However, the WRF-UCM somewhat overestimated wind speed in the UMR largely due to an increased air temperature gradient between land and sea.

A comparison of ozone simulations in the seoul metropolitan region (SMR) using the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model with SAPRC99 and CB05 chemical mechanisms (i.e. EXP-SP99 and EXP-CB05) has been conducted during four seasons of 2012. The model results showed that the differences in average ozone concentrations between the EXP-SP99 and EXP-CB05 were found to be large in summer, but very small in the other seasons. This can be attributed that the SAPRC99 tends to produce more ozone than the CB05 in urban area like the SMR with low VOC/NOx ratio under high ozone conditions. Through quantitative comparison between two mechanisms for the summer, it was found that the average ozone concentrations from the EXP-SP99 were about 3 ppb higher than those from the EXP-CB05 and agreed well with the observations. Horizontal differences in ozone concentrations between SAPRC99 and CB05 showed that significant differences were found in southern part of the SMR and over the sea near the coast in summer.

In order to improve the prediction of the regional air quality modeling in the Seoul metropolitan area, a sensitivity analysis using two PBL and microphysics (MP) options of the WRF model was performed during four seasons. The results from four sets of the simulation experiments (EXPs) showed that meteorological variables (especially wind field) were highly sensitive to the choice of PBL options (YSU or MYJ) and no significant differences were found depending on MP options (WDM6 or Morrison) regardless of specific time periods, i.e. day and night, during four seasons. Consequently, the EXPs being composed of YSU PBL option were identified to produce better results for meteorological elements (especially wind field) regardless of seasons. On the other hand, the accuracy of all simulations for summer and winter was somewhat lower than those for spring and autumn and the effect according to physics options was highly volatile by geographical characteristics of the observation site.

The seasonal variations of sea surface winds and significant wave heights were investigated using the data observed from the marine meteorological buoys (nine stations) and Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) in lighthouse (nine stations) around the Korean Peninsula during 2010~2012. In summer, the prevailing sea surface winds over the East/West Sea and the South Sea were northerly/southerly and easterly/westerly winds due to both of southeast monsoon and the shape of Korean Peninsula. On the other hand, the strong northerly winds has been observed at most stations near Korean marginal seas under northwest monsoon in winter. However, the sea surface winds at some stations (e.g. Galmaeyeo, Haesuseo in the West Sea) have different characteristics due to topographic effects such as island or coastal line. The significant wave heights are the highest in winter and the lowest in summer at most stations. In case of some lighthouse AWSs surrounded by islands (e.g. Haesuseo, Seosudo) or close to coast (e.g. Gangan, Jigwido), very low significant wave heights (below 0.5 m) with low correlations between sea surface wind speeds and significant wave heights were observed.

The characteristics of atmospheric dispersion of radioactive material (i.e. 137Cs) related to local wind patterns around the Kori nuclear power plant (KNPP) were studied using WRF/HYSPLIT model. The cluster analysis using observed winds from 28 weather stations during a year (2012) was performed in order to obtain representative local wind patterns. The cluster analysis identified eight local wind patterns (P1, P2, P3, P4-1, P4-2, P4-3, P4-4, P4-5) over the KNPP region. P1, P2 and P3 accounted for 14.5%, 27.0% and 14.5%, respectively. Both P1 and P2 are related to westerly/northwesterly synoptic flows in winter and P3 includes the Changma or typhoons days. The simulations of P1, P2 and P3 with high wind velocities and constant wind directions show that 137Cs emitted from the KNPP during 0900~1400 LST (Local Standard Time) are dispersed to the east sea, southeast sea and southwestern inland, respectively. On the other hands, 5 sub-category of P4 have various local wind distributions under weak synoptic forcing and accounted for less than 10% of all. While the simulated 137Cs for P4-2 is dispersed to southwest inland due to northeasterly flows, 137Cs dispersed northward for the other patterns. The simulated average 137Cs concentrations of each local wind pattern are 564.1~1076.3 Bqm-3. The highest average concentration appeared P4-4 due to dispersion in a narrow zone and weak wind environment. On the other hands, the lowest average concentration appeared P1 and P2 due to rapid dispersion to the sea. The simulated 137Cs concentrations and dispersion locations of each local wind pattern are different according to the local wind conditions.

The exposed population of a vulnerable group to high ozone episodes (exceeding 60 ppb/8h) was estimated in Busan metropolitan city from 2000 to 2010. The frequency of high ozone days at monitoring sites and the number of the population aged over 65 were used to calculate the accumulated (total, seasonal, and yearly) number of the exposed older population (EOP) to high ozone episodes during the study period based on administrative areas, by interpolation and zonal mean methods in ArcGIS software. The older population in this city had increased significantly from 2000 to 2010 (representing over 10% of the total population in 2010). The vulnerable areas (e.g. the eastern area of the city) of the EOP to high ozone episodes were different from the areas with frequent high ozone episodes (e.g., the western area) due to the increase of the older population in particular areas. The difference was more significant in spring than in any other season, and in 2010 than in previous years (2000 and 2005).

The emissions of several air pollutants (NOx, CO, VOCs, etc.) for the replacement of all diesel buses by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) buses were estimated in the Busan Metropolitan Area (BMA). These emissions were calculated from emission factors considering the different driving speeds with bus routes, distance traveled, and deterioration factors. For the purpose of this study, three categories of fuel type were selected: (1) the combination of diesel (65%) and CNG buses (35%) (DSL+CNG case), (2) all diesel buses (DSL case), and (3) all CNG buses (CNG case). The emissions of NOx and CO in the CNG case were estimated to be significant decreases (by about 50% and 98%, respectively) relative to the DSL case. Conversely, the emission of VOCs (980.7 ton/year) in the CNG case were a factor of 3.3 higher than that (299.8 ton/year) in the DSL case. In addition, the diurnal variations of emissions between two city buses (e.g. diesel and CNG) and all other vehicles were distinctly different because the two city buses operate at a regular time interval. Our overall results suggest the possibility that the pollutant emissions from the CNG buses can exert less influence on air quality in the target area than those from the diesel buses.